CN106818543B - Ecological polyculture method for grass carp and tilapia - Google Patents
Ecological polyculture method for grass carp and tilapia Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological polyculture method of grass carp and tilapia, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a culture pond: selecting a pond with the depth of more than 2m and the area of 2-3 mu, separating the area of 1/4-1/3 by using a separation net, and strictly prohibiting duck manure and pig manure from entering the pond when the water temperature exceeds more than 30 ℃ in a high-temperature season; 2) planting aquatic weeds: planting pistia stratiotes in pools separated by separation nets, and controlling the density of the pistia stratiotes to be 60-80 pistia stratiotes/square meter; controlling the dissolved oxygen of the waterless grass part of the pond to be more than 3mg/L, and controlling the highest temperature of the waterless grass part in one day to be below 32 ℃; 3) the aquatic microecologics are used once every half month in high-temperature seasons. The invention determines the water plant pistia stratiotes which is not favored by the grass carp and the tilapia mossambica, combines the use of the nitrite-reducing microecological preparation, can reduce the temperature in water by 2-3 ℃ when the pond 1/4 is covered by the water plant, has good regulating effect on ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water, can obviously improve the immunity of the fish, and greatly reduces the eating risk caused by medication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an ecological polyculture method for grass carp and tilapia.
Background
The Changtai area is one of the areas with most concentrated culture of the black tilapia in the whole Zhangzhou area and larger yield, the culture area of the black tilapia is more than 1 ten thousand mu, the annual production of the black tilapia is 1.2 ten thousand tons, and the problem of streptococcus disease of a large number of newly-exposed tilapia is urgently needed to be solved.
The streptococci disease of tilapia is not effectively controlled by a method since the outbreak of the tilapia in 2009, the tilapia remains overproof medicine residues, the export is blocked, the domestic marketing is slow, the fish price is low and the tilapia is popular in recent two years, and the method brings fatal attack to the whole tilapia industry. Compared with the streptococcicosis of tilapia in the past, the prevalence is wider, the drug resistance is obviously enhanced, more than 80 percent of farmers in the field pond culture of Nippon tilapia have a large limit, the feeding amount is only 0.1-0.5 percent of the body weight, and a small amount of feed causes large-scale death. Therefore, a healthy ecological breeding comprehensive prevention and control method is urgently needed, which can control the generation of streptococcus and ensure the edible safety of tilapia.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ecological polyculture method for grass carp and tilapia.
The ecological polyculture method for the grass carp and the tilapia comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a culture pond: selecting a pond with the depth of more than 2m and the area of 2-3 mu, separating the area of 1/4-1/3 by using a separation net, and strictly prohibiting duck manure and pig manure from entering the pond when the water temperature exceeds more than 30 ℃ in a high-temperature season;
2) planting aquatic weeds: planting pistia stratiotes in pools separated by separation nets, and controlling the density of the pistia stratiotes to be 60-80 pistia stratiotes/square meter; controlling the dissolved oxygen of the waterless grass part of the pond to be more than 3mg/L, and controlling the highest temperature in one day to be below 32 ℃ at the water grass part;
3) the aquatic microecologics are used once every half month in high-temperature seasons.
Wherein the aquatic product micro-ecological preparation is prepared by fermenting Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGMCC No. 9136.
The process for separating and identifying the rhodopseudomonas palustris (rhodopseudomonas palustris) is as follows:
1. preparation of photosynthetic bacteria culture medium
Enrichment medium (/ L): NaHCO 232g, yeast powder 1g, K2HPO4·3H2O 0.2g，NH4Cl 1g，NaAc·3H2O 0.3g，MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g，NaCl 0.2g，Na2S2O3·5H2O1 g, pH7.0, and autoclaving at 121 deg.C for 20 min.
The separation culture medium is added with agar on the basis of an enrichment culture medium, the final mass percentage is 1.5 percent, and the culture medium is sterilized for 20min under high pressure at 121 ℃.
2. Enrichment:
and putting the collected muddy water sample into an anaerobic tube with a screw, wherein the anaerobic tube is added with an enrichment culture medium, 15mL of the culture medium and 10mL of pond water and bottom mud, and each anaerobic tube is covered with 2-3cm of paraffin oil. The illumination intensity is 1000 lx-2000 lx, and the anaerobic culture is carried out at the temperature of 30 ℃.
3. Separating and purifying
After one week of enrichment, 1mL of liquid was taken from the medium-reddened anaerobic tube, and the dilution was 10-3、10-4，10-5The liquid of (2) is coated on a plate with the volume of 100 mu L, and red bacterial colonies are observed to grow out after about 10 days; the red colony plate is picked out and drawn to be pure.
4. Identification
Single colonies were picked for 16S rRNA colony PCR and sent to Invitrogen for sequencing, the sequence is shown in SEQ ID No. 1. The sequence is measured and subjected to Blast comparison on NCBI, and the sequence is preliminarily identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris Rhodopseudomonas Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and the similarity distance of the 16S rRNA gene of the Rhodopseudomonas palustris R.palustris ATCC 17003 is 100%. The growth of the strain is slow, single colony can appear in 5 days, and the size of the single colony is 0.5 mm-1 mm; the cells were dark red colonies in the anaerobic state, gram-stained negative short rods, and solid plate-cultured short rods (FIG. 1).
The separated Rhodopseudomonas palustris is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 5-8 th 2014, and the address is as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 9136.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pond culture density is 300-.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the density of Pistia stratiotes is controlled as follows: mixing ammonium bicarbonate and calcium percarbonate according to a weight ratio of 5: 1, splashing the water plants locally, and directly spraying the powder on the water plants, wherein 5-10kg of the powder is sprayed on each mu.
Wherein the separation net is made by filling empty plastic bottles into the net bag.
The invention determines the water plant pistia stratiotes which is not favored by the grass carp and the tilapia to eat, selects the medicine for controlling and killing the water plant, combines with the use of the nitrite-reducing microecological preparation, can reduce the temperature of water by 2-3 ℃ when the pool 1/4 is covered by the water plant, has good regulating effect on ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water, can obviously improve the immunity of the fish, effectively prevents the occurrence of streptococcal disease, and reduces the eating risk brought by the application of the medicine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of photosynthetic bacteria on nitrite degradation under two conditions. The degradation of the nitrite by the CGMCC No.9136 under the condition of no light is performed on the left side, and the degradation of the nitrite by the CGMCC No.9136 under the condition of illumination is performed on the right side.
Figure 2 shows the temperature of the test and control ponds as a function of time.
Figure 3 shows the change in dissolved oxygen over time for the test and control ponds.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Local floating waterweeds mainly comprise water hyacinth, duckweed, pistia stratiotes and the like through field investigation. According to investigation, the water hyacinth grass carp is more popular, is small in quantity and difficult to propagate in large quantity, is large in quantity and fast in propagation, cannot be killed by common medicines, is difficult to control, and easily causes the anoxic condition of the grass carp to cause the death of the grass carp in large quantity. The duckweed grass carp tilapia is very popular to eat a small amount and is difficult to breed, and even if the duckweed grass carp tilapia is bred in a large amount, the oxygen consumption is very serious because the density of the individual small mossambica is high after the individual small mossambica is connected into slices. On-site experiments show that the water lettuce does not like to eat only by separating a region in a pond and putting a small amount of water lettuce into the region, and a drug which is very sensitive to the water lettuce and has no toxic effect on the fish is found in the experiments.
Researches in the aquatic weed planting process find that the weight ratio of ammonium bicarbonate to calcium percarbonate is 5: 1, splashing the water plants locally, and directly spraying the powder on the water plants, wherein 5kg of the powder is sprayed on each mu. Pistia stratiotes is very sensitive to the mixture, the mixture has no harm to fish and water, and the Pistia stratiotes is very suitable for controlling the quantity and the density of the Pistia stratiotes.
Example 2 aquatic weed Barrier Net preparation
In the prior art, a pond is directly separated by using a single-layer block net, but in actual operation, the water grass easily swims in water level change and strong wind weather when the single-layer net is separated. The cost and the practicability are comprehensively considered, the mineral water bottle and the mesh bag are selected to be made into the separation mesh, so that the separation mesh can move up and down along with the water level and the cost can be saved.
Example 3 Rhodopseudomonas palustris Microecological preparation
1. The formula (/ L) of the rhodopseudomonas palustris amplification culture medium is as follows:
CaCl20.1g，KH2PO40.5g，NH4Cl 1g，MgCl2·6H2O 0.5g，NaCl 1g，NaAc·3H2o1 g, sodium succinate dihydrate 1g, yeast powder 0.3g, peptone 0.3g
2. Step of expanding the culture medium
(1) Weighing each component according to the formula of the culture medium, dissolving with water, subpackaging the culture medium into 5L PET plastic barrels sterilized with alcohol, 4.5L each barrel, inoculating Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGMCC No.9136500mL, and sealing. Placing in a paper box, culturing for 4 days with incandescent lamp illumination, and culturing as seed liquid for next large-scale culture.
(3) Weighing each component required by 1 ton of culture solution, completely dissolving with a small amount of tap water, fully mixing with the rest tap water in a big barrel, inoculating 10 barrels of photosynthetic bacteria seed solution, mixing uniformly, subpackaging in 5L transparent PET plastic barrels, and sealing. And (5) culturing for 5 days in light until the culture is reddish brown, thus obtaining the high-purity rhodopseudomonas palustris microecological preparation.
2. Degradation capability test of rhodopseudomonas palustris CGMCC No.9136 on nitrite
(1) Making a nitrite standard curve: preparing nitrite solutions with different concentrations, and placing the nitrite solutions under an enzyme-labeling instrument to measure OD550To make the salt concentration and OD550The standard curve of correspondence of (a).
(2) Culture medium for nitrite reduction experiments: preparing 3-degree saline water, subpackaging the saline water into 150mL small triangular bottles, wherein each bottle is 50mL, and 0.05g of pond bottom mud is added into each bottle. Sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 20 min.
(3) Setting dark conditions and light conditions, setting an experimental group and a control group under each condition, repeating each strain for 3 times, adding 50 mu L of photosynthetic bacteria seed solution into the experimental group, respectively placing under the dark and light conditions, and placing and culturing at 30 ℃.
(4) Measuring the nitrite content once every 24 hours, and the specific method comprises the following steps: taking 1mL of liquid in a 1.5mL centrifuge tube in a clean bench, centrifuging at 12,000rpm for 2 minutes, sucking 200 microliter of supernatant into a 96-well plate, adding 20 microliter of each of Grignard reagents I and II in sequence, standing for 5min to completely react, and then placing under an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) instrument to measure OD550。
(5) Nitrite concentrations were calculated from the standard curve for the experimental and control groups, measured for 2 days, and experimental data were recorded and analyzed.
2. Results of the experiment
As shown in figure 1, the Rhodopseudomonas zeylanicus CGMCC No.9136 microbial inoculum has obvious nitrite degradation effect under dark and light conditions. Under the condition of no illumination, the content of the nitrite is degraded from 2.5mg/L to the lowest 0.05 mg/L; under the condition of illumination, sodium nitrite is degraded from 2.3mg/L to the level of 0.005 mg/L.
Example 4
The area of a water body of the test pond is 3 mu, the average water depth is 2.5m, the tilapia is mainly raised, grass carp is intercropped, the 7000 tails of the tilapia and the 400 tails of the grass carp are totally stocked, a blocking net is used for separating the water surface from about 1/4, and the pistia stratiotes is planted on the 1/4 water surface. The density of Pistia stratiotes is 70 plants/square meter. The aquatic micro-ecological preparation prepared in example 3 is used once every half month in the hot summer season. The water area of the control pond is 5 mu, the average water depth is 2.5m, the tilapia suit grass carp is mainly cultured, and the stocking density is equivalent to that of the test pond. The feeding amount of the two ponds per day is 1.5 percent, and the other conditions are equivalent. The temperature and dissolved oxygen (measured at a position 30cm underwater) at the aquatic weeds of the test pond and aquatic physicochemical indexes such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like at the position without aquatic weeds of the test pond are measured every day, the specific measurement results of the test pond are detailed in a table 1, and the test results of a contrast pond are detailed in a table 2. It can be seen from tables 1 and 2 that when the air temperature reaches above 34 ℃, the water temperature 30cm below the water surface can exceed 32 ℃, the death rate is obviously increased, and in the pond for planting the aquatic weeds, the water temperature at the aquatic weeds is generally 2-3 ℃ lower than that of the control pond, and the indexes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water are very rapidly reduced in sunny days.
TABLE 1 test results of the test ponds
(note: the test dissolved oxygen is the dissolved oxygen at the aquatic weed position of the test pond; the test temperature is the temperature at the aquatic weed position; the dissolved oxygen is the temperature at the aquatic weed-free position of the test pond; the temperature is the temperature at the aquatic weed-free position of the test pond.)
TABLE 2 control pond assay results
Analysis of results
1. Relation between temperature change of test pond and temperature change of control pond
The temperature of the test and control ponds varied over time as shown in figure 2. It can be seen that the temperature of the pond covered by the aquatic weeds is obviously lower than that of the control pond by 2-3 ℃ in 8 months, 19 days to 8 months, 24 days and 9 months, 5 days to 9 months, 10 days, and the temperature is equivalent in 8 months, 25 months to 9 months, 26 days (mainly because the time is rainy day). Therefore, the water temperature of the pond can be effectively reduced by 2-3 ℃ in a sunny season by planting the waterweeds with the area of 1/4 in the pond, and the occurrence of the high fever of the tilapia mossambica in the high-temperature season can be further relieved.
2. Relation of change between dissolved oxygen in test pond and dissolved oxygen in control pond
The change in dissolved oxygen over time for the test and control ponds is shown in figure 3. The result shows that the dissolved oxygen of the test pond (part without the aquatic weeds) is not much different from that of the control pond, the amplitude range is between 0.2 and 1mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 3mg/L, which proves that the influence on the dissolved oxygen in the water body is not great when the aquatic weeds cover the area of 1/4.
3. Contrast change result of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, pH and contrast pool in test pool
The ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite in the water of the test pond are obviously reduced compared with a control group after being matched with the self-developed microecologics, which indicates that the microecologics which are matched with the aquatic plants planted in the pond have good regulation effect on the ammonia nitrogen and the nitrite in the water, the immunity of the fish can be obviously improved, and the streptococcal disease can be effectively prevented.
Through a test of about one month, the research determines that the water plant 'pistia stratiotes' which is not favored by the grass carp and the tilapia is not eaten, selects the medicines (powder ammonium bicarbonate and calcium percarbonate) for controlling and killing the water plant, and obtains that the water plant can reduce the temperature in water by 2-3 ℃, the dissolved oxygen by 0.5-1mg/L and the death rate can be obviously reduced when covering the pond 1/4. In the aspect of cost, the total experimental cost of each household is not more than 2500 yuan, if the cultivation mode is popularized, waste mineral water bottles and the like can be maintained, the costs of aquatic weed control medicines, mesh bags and the like are comprehensively calculated, the cost per 5 mu of pond is not more than 300 yuan, and the possibility of large-scale popularization is achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An ecological polyculture method of grass carp and tilapia comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a culture pond: selecting a pond with the depth of more than 2m and the area of 2-3 mu, separating the area of 1/4-1/3 by using a separation net, and strictly prohibiting duck manure and pig manure from entering the pond when the water temperature exceeds more than 30 ℃ in a high-temperature season; 2) planting aquatic weeds: planting pistia stratiotes in pools separated by separation nets, and controlling the density of the pistia stratiotes to be 60-80 pistia stratiotes/square meter; controlling the dissolved oxygen of the waterless grass part of the pond to be more than 3mg/L, and controlling the highest temperature of the waterless grass part in one day to be below 32 ℃; 3) applying the aquatic microecologics once a half month in a high-temperature season; wherein the aquatic product micro-ecological preparation is prepared by fermenting rhodopseudomonas palustris CGMCC No. 9136; the method for controlling the density of Pistia stratiotes comprises the following steps of (1) mixing ammonium bicarbonate and calcium percarbonate according to a weight ratio of 5: 1, splashing the water plants locally, and directly spraying the powder on the water plants, wherein 5-10kg of the powder is sprayed on each mu.
2. The ecological polyculture method of claim 1, wherein the pond culture density is 100-.
3. The ecological polyculture method according to claim 1, wherein the partition net is made by filling empty plastic bottles into the net bags.
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Address after: 363502 Jindu Industrial Concentration Zone, Zhaoan County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province Patentee after: Fujian Dabei nonghuayou Aquatic Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: BEIJING DABEINONG TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 363502 Jindu Industrial Concentration Zone, Zhaoan County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province Patentee before: FUJIAN DABEINONG FISHERIES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: BEIJING DABEINONG TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd. |
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