CN106758150A - 一种改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，将前处理后的织物置于硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中，并在恒温水浴下处理后清洗、干燥；将改性后的织物放入整理液中进行导湿排汗整理，然后在净洗剂JU溶液中清洗，再用自来水漂洗干净后烘干，即得。本发明改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，采用酸性高锰酸钾改性方法处理芳纶织物，并对其进行导湿排汗整理，整理后芳纶织物的导湿排汗性能增强了，解决了现有芳纶织物导湿排汗性差的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域，具体涉及一种改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法。
背景技术
织物中水的传输主要是自由水的传输，方式分为：依靠毛细作用沿纤维轴方向传输；以非线性扩散方式在垂直纤维轴方向上传输。从速度上讲，毛细作用比扩散要快得多。导湿性好的织物能够迅速将人体的汗液导向织物的外表面并蒸发，从而使织物内部表面干燥，人体干爽舒适。这类织物能做到良好的导湿快干效果，减小人体与服装的粘贴效应和湿冷感，适用于人体大量运动、出汗条件下的运动衣、工装、防护服等。
芳纶织物因其优良的机械性能、阻燃性能、耐高温及化学稳定性被广泛应用于个体防护和一些特殊行业领域，如航空航天、国防、建筑等。由于芳纶纤维大分子定向程度和结晶度高，表面能低，疏水性强，因此其导湿性能很差，这严重影响了芳纶作为服用织物时的舒适性。
要改善芳纶织物的导湿排汗性能，首先要对芳纶进行改性处理，目的是利用化学反应或物理方法改善芳纶纤维表面组成或结构，让导湿排汗整理剂分子可以顺利进入纤维内部或者附着于纤维表面，达到改善织物导湿排汗性能的目的。
目前关于芳纶的改性研究大多是为了提高其与树脂的粘合性或改善染色效果，而将芳纶改性用于提高芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的研究鲜有报道。将芳纶改性与导湿排汗整理结合在一起，可以更好地改善芳纶织物的导湿排汗性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，解决了现有芳纶织物导湿排汗性差的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是，一种改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，具体按照以下步骤实施：
步骤1：表面改性
将前处理后的织物置于硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中，并在恒温水浴下处理后清洗、干燥；
步骤2：导湿排汗整理
将改性后的织物放入整理液中进行导湿排汗整理，然后在净洗剂JU溶液中清洗，再用自来水漂洗干净后烘干，即得。
本发明的特点还在于，
步骤1中织物的前处理：将织物置于氢氧化钠4g/L～6g/L、除油剂DO2g/L～4g/L的沸水中煮13min～15min，蒸馏水洗净后80℃～90℃下烘干。
步骤1中硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中硫酸质量分数为10％～12％，KMnO4质量浓度为5g/L～7g/L。
步骤1中恒温水浴的温度为30℃～40℃，处理时间为28min～35min。
步骤1中干燥的温度为80℃～90℃，时间为1.5h～2h。
步骤2中整理液为HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂和乳化剂OP-9的混合溶液，pH为4，其中HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂的质量分数为5％～6％(o.w.f)，乳化剂OP-9的质量浓度为0.1g/L～0.3g/L。
步骤2中导湿排汗整理的相关参数为：浴比为1:20～1:30，升温至120℃～130℃并保温20min～30min，转速为6r/min～8r/min。
步骤2中净洗剂JU溶液中净洗剂JU的质量浓度为5g/L～7g/L。
步骤2中清洗温度为30℃～38℃，时间为7min～10min。
步骤2中烘干的温度为80℃～90℃，时间为25min～30min。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明一种改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，采用酸性高锰酸钾改性方法处理芳纶织物，并对其进行导湿排汗整理，整理后芳纶织物的导湿排汗性能增强了，解决了现有芳纶织物导湿排汗性差的问题。可应用于军队作训服、抢险救援服、消防服、焊接服、易燃易爆场所防护工装等防护服装的面料。此法为高性能纤维和织物进行各种后整理研究提供了新思路。而且，对未来减少阻燃防护服(消防服)的层数，提高其热湿舒适性能，降低穿着人员生理荷载和心理不适感，都会有深远的意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明方法，将芳纶改性与导湿排汗整理结合在一起，更好地改善了芳纶织物的导湿排汗性能。该方法按以下步骤进行：
步骤1：前处理
芳纶织物在织造时会添加适量的油剂，此外纤维本身也会沾有污渍等，因此改性前必须对织物进行清洗。将织物置于氢氧化钠4g/L～6g/L、除油剂DO2g/L～4g/L的沸水中煮13min～15min，蒸馏水洗净后80℃～90℃下烘干。
步骤2：表面改性
在酸性条件下用KMnO4对芳纶进行处理，可以提高纤维表面的粗糙程度，同时尽可能减少对纤维强度的影响。将织物置于硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中(硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中硫酸质量分数为10％～12％，KMnO4质量浓度为5g/L～7g/L)，并在30℃～40℃的恒温水浴中处理28min～35min，清洗，80℃～90℃干燥1.5h～2h。
步骤3：导湿排汗整理
将改性后的织物放入到整理液(HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂(聚酯复配物)质量分数5％～6％(o.w.f)，乳化剂OP-9质量浓度为0.1g/L～0.3g/L，pH为4)中进行导湿排汗整理，其中浴比为1:20～1:30，升温至120℃～130℃并保温20min～30min，转速为6r/min～8r/min，之后浴液冷却至常温排出；取出织物，放入质量浓度为5g/L～7g/L的净洗剂JU(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)溶液中，于30℃～38℃下清洗7min～10min，之后用自来水漂洗干净，80℃～90℃下烘25min～30min至织物干燥。
实施例1
步骤1：将织物置于氢氧化钠4g/L、除油剂DO2g/L的沸水中煮15min，蒸馏水洗净后80℃下烘干。
步骤2：将织物置于硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中(硫酸(98％)质量分数为10％，KMnO4质量浓度为5g/L)，30℃的恒温水浴中处理35min，清洗，放入烘箱，80℃干燥2h。
步骤3：将改性后的织物放入到整理液(5％(o.w.f)HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂，0.1g/L乳化剂OP-9，pH为4)中进行导湿排汗整理，浴比为1:20，升温至120℃并保温30min，转速为6r/min，之后浴液冷却至常温排出。取出织物，放入5g/L的净洗剂JU溶液中，于30℃下清洗10min，之后用自来水漂洗干净，80℃下烘30min至织物干燥。
实施例2
步骤1：将织物置于氢氧化钠5g/L、除油剂DO 3g/L的沸水中煮14min，蒸馏水洗净后85℃下烘干。
步骤2：将织物置于硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中(硫酸(98％)质量分数为11％，KMnO4质量浓度为6g/L)，35℃的恒温水浴中处理32min，清洗，放入烘箱，85℃干燥1.8h。
步骤3：将改性后的织物放入到整理液(5.5％(o.w.f)HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂，0.2g/L乳化剂OP-9，pH为4)中进行导湿排汗整理，浴比为1:25，仪器升温至125℃并保温25min，设定仪器转速为7r/min，之后浴液冷却至常温排出。取出织物，放入6g/L的净洗剂JU溶液中，于35℃下清洗8min，之后用自来水漂洗干净，85℃下烘28min至织物干燥。
实施例3
步骤1：将织物置于氢氧化钠6g/L、除油剂DO 4g/L的沸水中煮13min，蒸馏水洗净后90℃下烘干。
步骤2：将织物置于硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中(硫酸(98％)质量分数为12％，KMnO4质量浓度为7g/L)，40℃的恒温水浴中处理28min，清洗，放入烘箱，90℃干燥1.5h。
步骤3：将改性后的织物放入到整理液(6％(o.w.f)HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂，0.3g/L乳化剂OP-9，pH为4)中进行导湿排汗整理，浴比为1:30，仪器升温至130℃并保温20min，设定仪器转速为8r/min，之后浴液冷却至常温排出。取出织物，放入7g/L的净洗剂JU溶液中，于38℃下清洗7min，之后用自来水漂洗干净，90℃下烘25min至织物干燥。
织物整理前后性能测试结果如表1所示。
表1织物整理前后性能测试结果
本发明方法可使芳纶织物的透气性、透湿性及导湿排汗性均得到提高。除透气性略有提高外，仅提高了2.2％，织物的透湿量和毛细效应综合值均有大幅度改善，分别提高53.8％和387.8％。酸性条件下，KMnO4的强氧化性作用于芳纶纤维，使纤维表面产生裂痕和沟槽，纤维间空隙增大，这有利于导湿排汗整理剂大分子进入纤维内部或附着于纤维表面，从而提高了织物的透气、透湿及导湿性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，具体按照以下步骤实施：
步骤1：表面改性
将前处理后的织物置于硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中，并在恒温水浴下处理后清洗、干燥；
步骤2：导湿排汗整理
将改性后的织物放入整理液中进行导湿排汗整理，然后在净洗剂JU溶液中清洗，再用自来水漂洗干净后烘干，即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤1中织物的前处理：将织物置于氢氧化钠4g/L～6g/L、除油剂DO2g/L～4g/L的沸水中煮13min～15min，蒸馏水洗净后80℃～90℃下烘干。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤1中硫酸和KMnO4的混合溶液中硫酸质量分数为10％～12％，KMnO4质量浓度为5g/L～7g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤1中恒温水浴的温度为30℃～40℃，处理时间为28min～35min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤1中干燥的温度为80℃～90℃，时间为1.5h～2h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤2中整理液为HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂和乳化剂OP-9的混合溶液，pH为4，其中HMW8870导湿排汗整理剂的质量分数为5％～6％(o.w.f)，乳化剂OP-9的质量浓度为0.1g/L～0.3g/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤2中导湿排汗整理的相关参数为：浴比为1:20～1:30，升温至120℃～130℃并保温20min～30min，转速为6r/min～8r/min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤2中净洗剂JU溶液中净洗剂JU的质量浓度为5g/L～7g/L。
9.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤2中清洗温度为30℃～38℃，时间为7min～10min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的改善芳纶织物导湿排汗性能的方法，其特征在于，步骤2中烘干的温度为80℃～90℃，时间为25min～30min。
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