CN106747839A - A kind of culture medium of edible fungus, its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of culture medium of edible fungus, its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106747839A CN106747839A CN201710102349.XA CN201710102349A CN106747839A CN 106747839 A CN106747839 A CN 106747839A CN 201710102349 A CN201710102349 A CN 201710102349A CN 106747839 A CN106747839 A CN 106747839A
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- culture medium
- edible fungus
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- dead pig
- edible
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of culture medium of edible fungus, its preparation method and application, preparation method includes following steps:By the sick dead pig cube meat after crushing and watery blood inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum, in 25~40 DEG C of anaerobic fermentations 20~30 days, sick dead pig fermentate is obtained;Culture medium is prepared into by following mass percent dispensings:Sick dead pig fermentate 30~40%, wood sawdust 45~55%, mushroom bran 10~15%, land plaster 1 ~ 2%, bentonite 1 ~ 3% and calcium superphosphate 1 ~ 3%, add up to 100%;The culture medium of preparation is sterilized.This method is by after sick dead pig harmless treatment, prepare culture medium of edible fungus, not only realize the harmless treatment of sick dead pig, and realize recycling, harmless treatment thoroughly, does not produce secondary pollution, while enriching culture medium of edible fungus raw material sources, cost is reduced, the yield and quality of edible mushroom is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of harmless treatment of utilization sick dead pig, recycling prepare culture medium of edible fungus method and
Its culture medium of edible fungus for preparing, belongs to Large-scale pig farm pollution control field and fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Animals died of illness harmless treatment is to prevent animal epidemic from spreading, effectively controlling and put out animal epidemics, prevent cause of disease
Pollute the important measure of environment.Current pig farm live pig case fatality rate is generally 3~5%, once run into epidemic situation ratio can also be bigger,
The isolation of the dead pig of this part carrying harmful levels of pathogens and process problem are urgently to be resolved hurrily.At present, the method for sick dead pig harmless treatment
It is main to have high temperature incineration, landfill and During High-Temperature Composting etc., to take a lot of work laborious, investment and processing cost are high, and the value of recycling is not
Height, treatment thoroughly, does not easily cause secondary pollution, and easily causes transmission of pathogen and cross-infection, pig industry is constituted new
Threaten.Research and the new harmless treatment mode of dead livestock and poultry is inquired into, fundamentally solve that conventional process mode is present is many
Unfavorable factor, propagates controlling and eliminating pathogenic microorganism, prevents the expansion poison in processing procedure from dissipating poison, for effective prevention and control livestock and poultry
Epidemic disease, ensures that animal husbandry sound development and Safety of Livestock Products ' Quality have very important significance.
Mushroom industry is a new industry and rising industry.Edible fungus are with its nutritious, medicinal health, green
The characteristics of colour circle is protected, is welcome by various countries consumer, and one of big healthy food in the world ten, city are recommended as by international nutritionist
Field has a high potential.The culture medium prescription of conventional edible mushroom is mainly wood chip, wheat bran, cotton seed hulls, sugar and gypsum etc., drawback at present
Be the price of sugar and wheat bran costly, the cultivated area increase and decrease of cotton seed hulls flower, planting cost, climatic effect, cost of transportation, seasonality
Supply and price can be caused extremely unstable, so at present in the urgent need to there is a kind of preferable edible mushroom training of economic and practical and effect
Support base, and these traditional edible mushrooms the mushroom bran that produces of culture medium because nutrient is low, cause mushroom bran to recycle difficult so that
A large amount of mushroom brans are produced arbitrarily to abandon, severe contamination environment.
The A of Chinese patent CN 106311720 disclose a kind of method for innocent treatment of sick dead pig, by sick dead pig through high temperature
Boiling sterilization, have water separate and fermentation etc. step be obtained bio-oil and organic fertilizer, drawback is equipment one-time investment cost
Greatly, high energy consumption.The A of Chinese patent CN 103910547 disclose a kind of culture medium of edible fungus and preparation method thereof, using wood chip,
Wheat bran, yeast product and corn flour etc. add as culture medium of edible fungus raw material, wheat bran, yeast product and corn flour price
Height, causes Edible Fungi cost to increase.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of culture medium of edible fungus, its preparation method and application, reduce Edible Fungi into
This, improves edible mushroom yield and quality.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of preparation method of culture medium of edible fungus, including following steps:
By the sick dead pig cube meat after crushing and watery blood inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum, in 25~40 DEG C of anaerobic fermentations 20~30 days, disease is obtained
Dead pig fermentate;
Culture medium is prepared into by following mass percent dispensings:Sick dead pig fermentate 30~40%, wood sawdust 45~55%, mushroom bran
10~15%, land plaster 1 ~ 2%, bentonite 1 ~ 3% and calcium superphosphate 1 ~ 3%, add up to 100%;
The culture medium of preparation is sterilized, sterilising conditions are 110 ~ 125 DEG C, 0.1~0.2Mpa, continue 30~40min.
In a specific embodiment, the fermenting agent is by Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic
The complex microorganism bacterial classification of bacterium, saccharomycete, actinomyces and acetobacter composition.
In a specific embodiment, each strain concentration ratio is:2:2:2:1:1:1:1, each strain concentration must not be lacked
In 0.2 hundred million/g or individual/mL.
In a specific embodiment, fermenting agent inoculum concentration 0.4 ~ 0.6%.
In a specific embodiment, anaerobic fermentation moisture content maintains more than 80%.
In a specific embodiment, culture medium mixture material moisture content maintains 60~65%, pH 7.0~8.0.
In a specific embodiment, the edible fungus bran that the culture medium is discarded after edible mushroom is cultivated is used as described
Mushroom bran raw material.
The present invention also provides culture medium of edible fungus prepared by methods described.
The present invention also provides application of the culture medium of edible fungus in edible mushroom is cultivated.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is sterilized using high temperature and high pressure method to culture medium, thoroughly kills the pathogenic bacteria carried in sick dead pig, reaches nothing
Evilization level, is that the recycling of sick dead pig is laid a good foundation.
Organic matter and N, P, K nutrient are rich in sick dead pig, wherein protein and fat content is higher, it is also various in, it is micro-
Secondary element, containing substantial amounts of hemoglobin in watery blood, and various inorganic salts etc..The sick dead pig that the present invention will be crushed first, with
And watery blood carries out intermediate temperature anaerobic fermentation in anaerobic condition, protein and fat is set to be fully hydrolyzed by microorganism, protein macromolecule
The amino acid of humic acid and small molecule is hydrolyzed to, fatty macromolecular is hydrolyzed to various aliphatic acid, organic principle and N in sick dead pig,
P, K nutrient can meet the growth of edible fungus species, and amino acid and aliphatic acid can then be absorbed rapidly by fungi, conversion so that fungi
Hair bacterium speed is fast and bacterium rod quality is good, and mycelial growth is dense, and growing power is strong, and reception luminosity is high, and yield is high, humic acid stimulating growth
With enhancing resistance, diseases prevention performance is good.Improve the effect of local flavor because amino acid and aliphatic acid all have, and because chemical fertilizer adds
Plus it is few, edible mushroom is in good taste, greatly improves edible mushroom quality, can meet modern and the high-quality of pollution-free food is pursued.
The Microorganism decomposing microbial inoculum being composited by multiple-microorganism is inoculated with sick dead pig fermentation process in the present invention, it is double
Macro-molecular protein can be degraded to polypeptide and small molecule amino by discrimination bacillus and lactic acid bacteria etc. rapidly under the conditions of amphimicrobian
Acid, bacillus can degrade fat, be divided into glycerine and aliphatic acid, multiple-microorganism collective effect, so as to realize the fast of sick dead pig
Fast decomposition, reaches minimizing purpose.
After this method is by sick dead pig harmless treatment, culture medium of edible fungus is prepared, not only realize the innoxious of sick dead pig
Treatment, and recycling is realized, harmless treatment thoroughly, does not produce secondary pollution, while abundant culture medium of edible fungus
Raw material sources, reduce culture medium of edible fungus cost of material, improve edible mushroom yield, also improve edible mushroom quality, realize ecological
The doulbe-sides' victory of benefit and economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to embodiment.
In the present invention, Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces and acetobacter
Existing strain is used, can be from China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center(CGMCC)Buy.
The edible mushroom that culture medium prepared by the present invention can be used to cultivate includes:Pleurotus eryngii, mushroom, oyster cap fungus, phoenix-tail mushroom,
Grey mushroom (abalonelike), pleurotus cornucopiae, asparagus, Hericium erinaceus and black fungus etc..
In a specific embodiment, the method that sick dead pig harmless treatment recycling prepares culture medium of edible fungus,
Comprise the following steps:
(1)Sealing pulverization process:Sick dead pig and placenta are concentrated and is sent to closed treatment workshop, with pulverizer by sick dead pig
Fritter of the diameter no more than 3cm is ground into placenta;
(2)Anaerobic fermentation:Sick dead pig after crushing, placenta and watery blood are delivered in sealed fermenting pond, are connect with 0.5% ratio
Kind of fermenting agent, carries out closed, isothermal holding to fermentation vat, anaerobic fermentation 20~30 days, and the condition of anaerobic fermentation is temperature control
System is between 25~40 DEG C(Anaeration in normal temperature condition), strictly anaerobic or amphimicrobian, moisture content maintains more than 80%;
Each strain concentration ratio is in fermenting agent:2:2:2:1:1:1:1(Bifidobacterium:Lactic acid bacteria:Bacillus:Photosynthetic bacteria:
Saccharomycete:Actinomyces:Acetobacter), each strain concentration must not be less than 0.2 hundred million/g (individual/mL).
(3)Mushroom bran pulverization process:Discarded edible fungus bran is ground into particle of the diameter no more than 1cm;
(4)Dispensing:With sick dead pig fermentate, wood sawdust and mushroom bran as primary raw material, it is with land plaster, bentonite and calcium superphosphate
Auxiliary material, is well mixed, and prepares culture medium, and culture medium prescription is as shown in the table, and adjusts mixed material moisture content with running water, makes
Mixed material moisture content maintain between 60~65%, adjust pH 7.0~8.0;
(5)Pack, sterilizing:The compost that will have been configured is fitted into size 170 × 400 × 0.5mm polypropylene plastics pockets, and seals
Mouthful, per packed siccative 350g, the culture medium feeding sterilizing chamber that will install bag carries out high-temp steam sterilizing treatment, and sterilising conditions are
120 DEG C, 0.1~0.2Mpa continues 30~40min, and the preparation process of culture medium of edible fungus is completed after sterilizing.
Wherein, organic matter weight dry content >=80%, npk nutrient weight content >=10%, amino in sick dead pig and watery blood
Sour weight content >=5%.
Using the culture medium of above-mentioned preparation, carrying out edible mushroom incubation is:When being cooled to less than 25 DEG C, in aseptic condition
After lower inoculation strain, 23 ~ 25 DEG C of room temperature is placed in, culturing room of the relative air humidity below 75%, No. 9 cultures of inoculation pleurotus eryngii are planted,
Culture pleurotus eryngii, management of producing mushroom is carried out after bacteria maturation.
The edible fungus bran discarded after culture edible mushroom can be with return to step(3), re-use.
Contrast test:As a example by cultivating pleurotus eryngii, the culture medium of edible fungus with sick dead pig as primary raw material is contrasted and to saw
Wood chip and cotton seed hulls for primary raw material culture medium the aspects such as thalli growth, yield, nutritive value difference.
(1)Treatment group:According to the form below mass ratio and above-mentioned specific embodiment step compounding culture medium of edible fungus, cultivate apricot Bao
Mushroom.Four treatment groups altogether, each treatment group puts three cells at random, and 30 bags of repetitions of each cell, conventional method is managed out
Mushroom;
(2)Control group:Control group prepares culture medium by following mass ratio:Wood sawdust 50%, cotton seed hulls 36%, wheat bran 11%, bentonite
2%th, pulverized limestone 1%, as follows:Compost preparation → compost high-temperature sterilization → inoculation → bacteria developing period management → earthing → tune
Water fruiting → fruiting period management → harvesting, sterilizing and other specification as treatment group, each control group is random put three it is small
Area, the 30 bags of repetitions of each cell, conventional method management fruiting.
Note:- expression is not added with.
The condition of production of record treatment group and every every bag of the area mycelia of control group and fructification, after fruiting, counts each area and eats
Bacterium fresh weight, calculation biology efficiency(Biological efficiency=fresh mushroom weight/compost dry weight), mycelial growth rate was determined every 3 days,
Average.
Take treatment group and many bags of each area of control group sample is a small amount of, chopping, crude protein and total reducing sugar is measured by sampling after being well mixed
Content, using crude protein and total sugar content as the judging quota of pleurotus eryngii nutritive value.
The biological efficiency that treatment group and control group are respectively formulated(%)Statistical value, mycelial growth situation, and hair bacterium speed
(Mm/ days), crude protein content(%)And total reducing sugar(%)Measured value is as shown in the table.
As seen from the above table, from biological efficiency single analysis, treatment group(Formula one, two, three and four)Biological efficiency it is average
It is higher by control group(Control one and two)37.7%, the pole level of signifiance is reached, this explanation culture medium of edible fungus addition sick dead pig fermentate
Pleurotus eryngii yield can be significantly improved, reason is nutritious in sick dead pig fermentate, and content is significantly larger than cotton seed hulls and wheat
The traditional raw materials such as bran;Contrasted from treatment group, the biological efficiency highest of formula three reaches 95.5%.
Analyzed in terms of mycelial growth situation and hair bacterium speed, as shown in Table 2, control group(Control one and two)Mycelia gives birth to
Situation long is general, and preferably, formula two and three mycelial growth situations of formula are optimal, treatment for formula one and four mycelial growth situations of formula
Group(Formula one, two, three and four)Mycelial growth rate compare control group(Control one and two)Hurry up, hair bacterium speed is averagely higher by control
Group(Control one and two)0.625mm/ days, 30% is improved, also reach the level of signifiance;In treatment group, the hair bacterium speed of formula three is most
Hurry up, reach 2.9mm/ days, reason may is that, sick dead pig is by after anaerobic fermentation, conversion produces amino acid, humic acid and fat
The benefit materials such as acid, these benefit materials can stimulate mycelial growth and breeding, and mycelia is sturdy, dense, and reproduction speed is fast.
It is reported that pleurotus eryngii has the multiple efficacies such as enhance immunity, anticancer, reducing blood lipid, ease constipation stomach and beauty, its nutrition
Value is abundant, and wherein crude protein and total sugar content are the important indicators for weighing pleurotus eryngii nutritive value.As shown in Table 2, treatment group
(Formula one, two, three and four)Crude protein average content reach 23.25%, wherein, formula three crude protein content highest, reach
24.5%, treatment group(Formula one, two, three and four)Total reducing sugar average content reach 56.4%, wherein, formula three total sugar content most
Height, reaches 57.2%;Treatment group(Formula one, two, three and four)With control group(Control one and two)Compare, treatment group(Formula one,
2nd, three and four)Crude protein average content compare control group(Control one and two)15.6% is higher by, total reducing sugar average content compares control group
(Control one and two)11.5% is higher by, the level of signifiance is all reached, shows treatment group(Formula one, two, three and four)The pleurotus eryngii of culture
Nutritive value compares control group(Control one and two)It is high.
In sum, the optimal proportion of each primary raw material of the invention and auxiliary material is sick dead pig fermentate 30~40%, wood sawdust
45~55%, mushroom bran 10~15%, bentonite 1~3%, calcium superphosphate 1~2% and land plaster 1~2%.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of culture medium of edible fungus, it is characterised in that including following steps:
By the sick dead pig cube meat after crushing and watery blood inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum, in 25~40 DEG C of anaerobic fermentations 20~30 days, disease is obtained
Dead pig fermentate;
Culture medium is prepared into by following mass percent dispensings:Sick dead pig fermentate 30~40%, wood sawdust 45~55%, mushroom bran
10~15%, land plaster 1 ~ 2%, bentonite 1 ~ 3% and calcium superphosphate 1 ~ 3%, add up to 100%;
The culture medium of preparation is sterilized, sterilising conditions are 110 ~ 125 DEG C, 0.1~0.2Mpa, continue 30~40min.
2. the preparation method of culture medium of edible fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fermenting agent is by double
The complex microorganism bacterial classification of discrimination bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces and acetobacter composition.
3. the preparation method of culture medium of edible fungus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that each strain concentration ratio is:2:2:
2:1:1:1:1, each strain concentration must not be less than 0.2 hundred million/g or individual/mL.
4. according to the preparation method of the described culture medium of edible fungus of one of claim 1 ~ 3, it is characterised in that fermenting agent is inoculated with
Amount 0.4 ~ 0.6%.
5. the preparation method of culture medium of edible fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that anaerobic fermentation moisture content is maintained
More than 80%.
6. the preparation method of culture medium of edible fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that culture medium mixture material is aqueous
Rate maintains 60~65%, pH 7.0~8.0.
7. the preparation method of culture medium of edible fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture medium is edible in culture
The edible fungus bran discarded after bacterium is used as the mushroom bran raw material.
8. the culture medium of edible fungus that prepared by a kind of claim 1 ~ 7 methods described.
9. application of the culture medium of edible fungus described in a kind of claim 8 in edible mushroom is cultivated.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107455142A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-12 | 田林县群英农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving ganoderma lucidum quality |
CN107567950A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-12 | 田林县群英农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of ganoderma lucidum |
CN108040749A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-18 | 罗成喜 | A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom |
CN112931050A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 福贡九源农业发展有限责任公司 | Edible fungus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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CN104844349A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-19 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Culture medium for edible fungus and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107455142A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-12 | 田林县群英农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving ganoderma lucidum quality |
CN107567950A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-12 | 田林县群英农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of ganoderma lucidum |
CN108040749A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-18 | 罗成喜 | A kind of ecology planting method of edible mushroom |
CN112931050A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 福贡九源农业发展有限责任公司 | Edible fungus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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