CN106722437A - 一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品及其制备方法和应用，其特征在于由以下重量百分比原料制备而成：含硒植物1％‑20％、植物提取物和/或食用菌提取物40％‑80％、及辅料0.5％‑40％，所述含硒植物、植物提取物、食用菌提取物均为一些药食同源物质，所述辅料为糖醇类，将所述所有原料按各自比例称量研磨混合后直接压片为片剂，运用于护肝制品中。本发明采用纯天然含硒原料及其他功能性原料，科学配比发挥二者对肝脏的协同保护作用；本发明原料均为植物或食用菌来源，相较于其他同类产品，无任何添加，原料更天然，品质更安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工领域，具体涉及一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
硒是人体必需的微量元素，是人类迄今发现的最重要的抗衰老元素，在国际医药界和营养学界被誉为“生命之火”、“抗癌之王”、“心脏的守护神”。硒的作用有很多，归纳起来有十种：提高人体免疫机能、防癌抗癌、防治心脑血管疾病、保护肝脏、抗氧化及延缓衰老、参与糖尿病治疗就、保护及修复细胞、保护眼睛、提高红细胞携氧能力、解毒、防毒、抗污染。
硒对人体的作用最初是从证实硒对肝脏有很强的保护作用而发现的。人体肝是一个硒库，肝脏中硒浓度显著高于其它组织器官。硒是营养性肝坏死的主要保护因子。肝病越严重，血硒含量越低。硒能防治肝炎、预防脂肪肝等。科技人员大量调查显示，酒精肝病、肝炎、肝硬化、肝腹水等肝损伤患者体内的硒比正常人明显偏低。适量补硒能有效防治乙肝。硒是嗜酒者的保护神，适量补硒可以起到加速酒精分解代谢，进而保护肝脏。
据统计，我国72％的地区处于缺硒和低硒状态。我国13省份普查显示，人均每日硒摄入量仅为36μg，低于世界卫生组织推荐的50μg标准，更低于中国营养学会建议的每日补充50—250μg的量。
亚硒酸钠是一种典型的补硒保健品，但由于其成分单一，护肝效果有限，并且其功效剂量和毒性剂量之间范围较窄，有一定的安全隐患。市面上的含硒植物和含硒酵母中主要是安全性高的有机硒成分，但单一的组分对于全面调理人体健康，保护肝脏方面的作用有限。
随着我国进入老龄化社会，我国广大居民对健康的需求日益增长，开发功效独特、安全、纯天然的含硒制品，大力开发硒资源、利用硒资源、发展硒产业，具有广阔的市场前景，必将产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明科学配比含硒原料及其他功能性原料，研究公开一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品及其制备方法和应用，本发明的具体技术方案如下：
一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于由以下用量的原料制备而成：含硒植物1％-20％、植物提取物和/或食用菌提取物40％-80％、以及辅料0.5％-40％，所述用量为重量百分比。
所述含硒植物为堇叶碎米荠、西兰花、甘蓝、花椰菜、萝卜叶、莱菔子、荠菜、油菜、大麦苗中的一种或几种。
所述植物提取物选自大枣、茯苓、甘草、葛根、枳椇子、枸杞、黄精、姜黄、菊花、决明子、苦瓜、绿茶、麦芽、沙棘、山楂、蛹虫草中的一种或几种。
所述食用菌提取物选自香菇、平菇、口蘑、杏鲍菇中的一种或几种。
所述辅料为山梨糖醇、D-甘露糖醇、赤藓糖醇中的一种或几种。
所述一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于：由以下用量的原料制备而成：荠菜7％-8％；葛根提取物14％-16％；枳椇子提取物11％-13％；甘草提取物10％-12％；枸杞提取物11％-13％；茯苓提取物12％-13％；决明子提取物11-13％；蛹虫草提取物10％-11％；山梨糖醇7％-8％，所述用量为重量百分比。
所述含硒制品为片剂。
制备一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品的方法，其特征在于：将所述所有原料按各自比例称量研磨混合后直接压片。
一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品的应用，其特征在于：所述含硒制品在护肝制品中的应用。
本发明的技术效果在于：
(1)采用纯天然含硒原料及其他功能性原料，科学配比发挥二者对肝脏的协同保护作用；
(2)本发明所述配方中，除必要的糖类及糖醇类以外，其余原料均为植物或食用菌来源，相较于其他同类产品，无任何添加，原料更天然，品质更安全。
附图说明
图1：不同处理组的小鼠肝脏组织在显微镜下照片。
所述图1中各图肝脏组织切片在显微镜下放大倍数为200倍。
图1中：
A图为：正常小鼠的肝脏组织照片；
B图为：CCl4肝脏损伤模型小鼠的肝组织照片；
C图为：用0.16mg/kg.bw的亚硒酸钠灌胃处理后，CCl4肝损伤小鼠的肝脏组织照片；
D图为：用0.31g/kg.bw的实施例3所述含硒制品灌胃处理后，CCl4肝损伤小鼠的肝脏组织照片；
E图为：用0.62g/kg.bw的实施例3所述含硒制品灌胃处理后，CCl4肝损伤小鼠的肝脏组织照片；
F图为：用1.24g/kg.bw的实施例3所述含硒制品灌胃处理后，CCl4肝损伤小鼠的肝脏组织照片；
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和发明思路对本发明做进一步描述：
含硒制品配方
含硒果蔬植物，可选自含硒的堇叶碎米荠、西兰花、甘蓝、花椰菜、萝卜叶、莱菔子、荠菜、油菜、大麦苗，比例为1％-20％；功能性植物及食用菌提取物，可选自大枣、茯苓、甘草、葛根、枳椇子、枸杞、黄精、姜黄、菊花、决明子、苦瓜、绿茶、麦芽、沙棘、山楂、香菇、蛹虫草等归属于普通食品、药食同源或新食品原料的品种，比例为40％-80％；辅料，可选自山梨糖醇、D-甘露糖醇、赤藓糖醇，比例为0.5％-40％。
含硒制品形态及服用量
根据食用量、功效量、服用便利性要求，可加工成片剂形态，每份0.5-1.0g，每片硒含量10-60微克，每日按中国营养学会建议的补硒量(50-250微克)服用本品。
肝脏保护方面的应用
本发明在补充硒元素护肝解毒的基础上，将含硒植物与其它功能性食用菌和植物食品以及药食同源植物提取物进行组合。可以达到更好的保护肝脏，预防肝脏损伤的效果。
枳椇子：《本草拾遗》记载“止渴除烦，润五脏，利大小便，去膈上热，功用如蜜。”枳椇子具有加快乙醇代谢、缩短小鼠醒酒时间、提高GSH—px活力、保护肝脏、预防酒精中毒、抗致突变、抗肿瘤、镇静、抗痉、镇痛等作用西兰花：含有丰富的黄酮类物质，叶绿素和硫代葡萄糖苷等，这些成分在有抗氧化清除自由基、抗菌消炎、补血、抗癌方面有重要作用。
葛根：葛根中富含淀粉、膳食纤维、黄酮类化合物等营养物质，汉代《神农本草经》记载其味甘平而略带苦涩，具有清热、止渴、生津、透疹、解毒、升阳止泻、醒脾解酒之功效。现代研究发现葛根具有保护心脑血管、降血糖血脂血压、解酒护肝、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、增强免疫等功效。
茯苓：汉代《神农本草经》将茯苓归为上品，称其为“主胸胁逆气，忧桂惊邪恐恐悸，心下结痛，寒热，烦满，咳逆，中焦舌干，利小便。久服安神，养神，不饥，延年”。现代药理学研究表明茯苓可渗湿利尿、宁心安神、抑菌、增强体魄、和胃健脾。也有研究表明茯苓对于肝脏也有一定的保护作用。
甘草：甘草性味甘，平，归心、肺、脾、胃经。有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、调和诸药的功能。多项研究发现，甘草中的有效成分甘草酸和甘草次酸能减轻动物药源性和化学性肝损伤引起的肝脏变性和坏死，起到保肝护肝的作用。此外，甘草还有解毒、抗溃疡、镇咳袪痰等作用。
蛹虫草：蛹虫草中含有虫草素、腺苷、虫草酸等多种生理活性物质，具有抗菌、抗疲劳、抗衰老、提高人体免疫力等活性。研究表明，蛹虫草的功效成分和营养价值接近或超过冬虫夏草。
枸杞：可以滋补肝肾、益精明目、养血，增强人们的免疫力。现代研究表明，枸杞的有效成分为枸杞多糖，具有降血糖、降血脂、提高免疫、抗氧化、抗疲劳的作用。
决明子：决明子味甘、苦、咸，微寒，具清热明目、润肠通便之功效。现代药理研究表明其具有降血脂、降血糖、保护急性肝损伤、抗氧化、抗菌、通便等功效。
覆盆子：中医认为，覆盆子气味甘，平，无毒，有益肾固精缩尿壮阳作用。现代研究认为，覆盆子具有抗衰老、减肥、抗氧化、保护心脏等功效。
本发明的护肝含硒制品，各组成部分通过抗氧化、保护心血管系统和消化系统、调节免疫，多途径协同促进对肝脏的保护作用，如含硒荠菜和枳椇子、葛根、茯苓能协同，能通过多途径，多机制对肝脏细胞进行保护和修复，预防外来化学物质对肝脏造成的急性或慢性损伤。添加甘草可以增强含硒制品的解毒作用；添加蛹虫草能在抗氧化清除自由基的同时，补充营养物质，增强免疫力；添加西兰花和覆盆子进一步辅助抗菌、消炎、补血、增强体质。
实施例1
表1.实施例1片剂配方比例
| 原料 | mg/片 |
| 含硒西兰花 | 100 |
| 葛根提取物 | 150 |
| 枳椇子提取物 | 100 |
| 茯苓提取物 | 75 |
| 山梨糖醇 | 75 |
| 总计 | 600 |
将各原料按照配方比例称量，混合后直接压片，片重为600mg。本品每份(600mg)硒含量为40微克，用于保护肝脏，每日服用量：按照中国营养学会建议的补硒量(50-250微克)服用本品。
实施例2
表2.实施例2片剂配方比例
| 原料 | mg/片 |
| 堇叶碎米荠 | 50 |
| 葛根提取物 | 150 |
| 枳椇子提取物 | 106 |
| 甘草提取物 | 94 |
| 枸杞提取物 | 103 |
| 茯苓提取物 | 125 |
| 山梨糖醇 | 72 |
| 总计 | 700 |
将各原料按照配方比例称量，混合后直接压片，片重为700mg。本品每份(700mg)硒含量为50微克，用于保护肝脏，每日服用量：按照中国营养学会建议的补硒量(50-250微克)服用本品。
实施例3
表3.实施例3配方比例
| 原料 | mg/片 |
| 含硒荠菜 | 75 |
| 葛根提取物 | 150 |
| 枳椇子提取物 | 120 |
| 甘草提取物 | 110 |
| 枸杞提取物 | 120 |
| 茯苓提取物 | 125 |
| 决明子提取物 | 120 |
| 蛹虫草提取物 | 105 |
| 山梨糖醇 | 75 |
| 总计 | 1000 |
将各原料按照配方比例称量，混合后直接压片，片重为1000mg。本品每份(1000mg)硒含量为60微克，用于保护肝脏，每日服用量：按照中国营养学会建议的补硒量(50-250微克)服用本品。
实施例3所述含硒制品的效果实验，即含硒制品保护肝脏方面的应用，按照实施例3的护肝的含硒制品对小鼠进行测试。
4.1含硒制品对CCl4造成的小鼠肝损伤的保护试验
(a)实验动物
昆明小鼠，雄性，18-22g,共60只。上海灵畅生物科技有限公司，许可证号：SCXK(沪)2013-0018
(b)动物分组，按体重随机分组，每组10只。
一共分六组，分别是：正常(溶剂)对照、模型(肝损伤)对照、含硒制品0.31g/kg、含硒制品0.62g/kg、含硒制品1.24g/kg、亚硒酸钠0.16mg/kg(含硒量与含硒制品高剂量组相等)。
(c)样品配制：称取含硒制品，用生理盐水稀释、研磨制成一定浓度的混悬液，亚硒酸钠直接用一定量生理盐水溶解。
(d)给药方案：
各处理组灌胃小鼠0.2ml/10g,每天一次，正常对照组和模型对照组分别灌胃同等体积的生理盐水，共30天。
(e)建立急性肝损伤模型，检测相关指标：
于末次给药后2h，除正常对照组外其余各组分别一次性腹腔注射0.08％的CCl4的花生油溶液10ml/kg，诱导急性化学性肝损伤。空白对照组腹腔注射同剂量的花生油，禁食不禁水。
18个小时后，将小鼠摘眼球取血，静置至血液分层后离心取血清检测AST，ALT。处死小鼠取肝脏，检测肝脏GPx酶活性和MDA含量，做肝脏病理切片，HE染色后观察肝脏组织状态。
结果：
表4：含硒制品对CCl4肝损伤模型小鼠血清AST，ALT的影响
注：“**”表示P<0.01,“*”表示P<0.05
由表4可见，与CCl4模型对照组相比，含硒制品组低、中、高剂量组对血清AST，ALT的升高都有一定的抑制作用，并且有剂量依赖性作用，各组结果与模型对照相比都具有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。另一对照组是经典的补硒化合物亚硒酸钠，试验中其含硒量和含硒制品高剂量组的含硒量相同，其与CCl4模型对照组相比，小鼠血清中AST有显著的降低(P<0.05)，但其显著性低于含硒制品各组(P<0.01)，亚硒酸钠组与CCl4模型对照组相比，小鼠血清中ALT有一定的降低，但作用不显著(P>0.05)，因此对于CCl4导致肝细胞损伤，过量AST，ALT进入血液这一病理过程，预先饲喂含硒制品可以有明显的改善作用，并且其效果优于亚硒酸钠。
表5：含硒制品对CCl4肝损伤模型小鼠肝脏Gpx活性和MDA生成的影响
注：“**”表示P<0.01,“*”表示P<0.05
由表5可见，与CCl4模型对照组相比，含硒制品组低、中、高剂量组对肝脏MDA的异常增加都有一定的抑制作用，各组结果与模型对照相比都具有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)，含硒制品高剂量组小鼠肝脏的MDA水平达到0.33mmol/mgprot,甚至恢复至接近正常水平(0.31mmol/mgprot)。与CCl4模型对照组相比，含硒制品组低、中、高剂量组对肝脏含硒抗氧化酶GPx的活性都有一定的提高，各组结果与模型对照相比都具有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)，此提高作用具有剂量依赖性。
表5中最后一对照组是经典的补硒化合物亚硒酸钠，试验中其含硒量和含硒制品高剂量组的含硒量相同，其与CCl4模型对照组相比，小鼠肝脏GPx活性有一定的提高，肝脏氧化损伤的产物MDA有一定的降低，但作用不显著(P>0.05)。因此亚硒酸钠在提高肝脏抗氧化酶GPx，以及减少脂质过氧化损伤产生的MDA方面，作用都明显不及含硒量相等的含硒制品。
图1是小鼠肝脏组织不同状态在显微镜下照片，具体为利用实施例3所述的含硒制品在小鼠中进行实验，在不同含量含硒制品的影响下，各组小鼠的肝脏组织发生细胞灶性坏死和炎症细胞浸润后，小鼠肝脏组织状态与正常小鼠肝脏组织和肝损伤模型的对照照片。由图1可见，与正常对照组的肝脏组织相比，CCl4肝损伤模型组小鼠的肝组织出现明显的灶性肝细胞坏死，大量炎性细胞浸润其中。亚硒酸钠预治疗的小鼠肝脏的细胞坏死和炎性细胞浸润情况没有明显的改善。含硒制品低剂量组的小鼠肝脏组织的肝细胞坏死范围有明显缩小，炎性细胞浸润也有所减少，在含硒制品中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠肝脏组织中观察不到小灶性的肝细胞坏死和明显的炎性细胞浸润。结果表明含硒制品对CCl4引起的急性肝细胞损伤和急性炎症有明显的预防作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于由以下用量的原料制备而成：含硒植物1％-20％、植物提取物和/或食用菌提取物40％-80％、以及辅料0.5％-40％，所述用量为重量百分比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于：所述含硒植物为堇叶碎米荠、西兰花、甘蓝、花椰菜、萝卜叶、莱菔子、荠菜、油菜、大麦苗中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于：所述植物提取物选自大枣、茯苓、甘草、葛根、枳椇子、枸杞、黄精、姜黄、菊花、决明子、苦瓜、绿茶、麦芽、沙棘、山楂、蛹虫草中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于：所述食用菌提取物选自香菇、平菇、口蘑、杏鲍菇中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于：所述辅料为山梨糖醇、D-甘露糖醇、赤藓糖醇、水苏糖、低聚果糖、低聚木糖、低聚异麦芽糖中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于：由以下用量的原料制备而成：荠菜7％-8％；葛根提取物14％-16％；枳椇子提取物11％-13％；甘草提取物10％-12％；枸杞提取物11％-13％；茯苓提取物12％-13％；决明子提取物11-13％；蛹虫草提取物10％-11％；山梨糖醇7％-8％，所述用量为重量百分比。
7.根据权利要求1—6中任一权利要求所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品，其特征在于：所述含硒制品为片剂。
8.一种制备权利要求1—6中任一权利要求所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品的方法，其特征在于：将所述所有原料按各自比例称量研磨混合后直接压片。
9.一种制备权利要求1—6中任一权利要求所述的一种用于保护肝脏的含硒制品的应用，其特征在于：所述含硒制品在护肝制品中的应用。
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