CN106718019A - Flat mushroom safe production in summer is planted circulatingly for many years with the cultural method survived the winter - Google Patents
Flat mushroom safe production in summer is planted circulatingly for many years with the cultural method survived the winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718019A CN106718019A CN201611031114.8A CN201611031114A CN106718019A CN 106718019 A CN106718019 A CN 106718019A CN 201611031114 A CN201611031114 A CN 201611031114A CN 106718019 A CN106718019 A CN 106718019A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The present invention relates to edible mushroom technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of plant flat mushroom safe production in summer and wintering method circulatingly for many years, including strain preparation, the preparation of mushroom producing culture base, mushroom spawn culture, soil treatment, bury mushroom spawn, arching, spring management of producing mushroom, management of aestivating, autumn and winter management of producing mushroom and overwinter management.Using the inventive method, the production cycle of flat mushroom can be extended, save production cost, based on central source strain, supplemented by mycelium maintenance, ensure the long-term biological growth ability of mycelium.
Description
Technical field
This patent is related to edible mushroom technical field, more particularly to a kind of plant flat mushroom safe production in summer circulatingly and survive the winter for many years
Cultural method.
Background technology
Flat mushroom, is called and picks up the ears, and belongs to the kind of Pleurotaceae Pleurotus, and germplasm resource enriches, and is very common edible mushroom, valency
Lattice are cheap, delicious flavour, nutritious, existing to prevent hepatic function again containing good protein and abundant dietary fiber
There are increase enterogastric peristalsis, be the vegetables that consuming public likes.
In the production of all edible mushrooms, what flat mushroom production deserved to be called practitioner enters gate technique, because its resistance
By force, mycelial growth is fast, and culture matrix is relatively easy, and production equipment requirement is low, and product cost is also low.But according to the biology of flat mushroom
Characteristic, innovative technology can make that flat mushroom produces cost is lower, yield is bigger, operation is simpler, it is possible thereby to for market provides
More cheaper commodities, benefit its people.Under the background of agriculture industrialization requirement, the intensive management of rural holding, with greater need for
It is simple to operate, added value technology high.
Wild observation shows that wild mushroom growth periodically occurs on withered tree, until nutrition is exhausted.By pure culture skill
Art is combined with the environmental condition that wild flat mushroom occurs, and foundes a kind of flat mushroom production new technology, is the marrow of the technical thought.Its
Core technology includes the following aspects：
1st, the preparation of source seed
Why wild flat mushroom periodically occurs, and is its mycelium strain always present in dry and decayed timber trunk,
And purity is high, constantly absorbs the nutrient growth in trunk and go out more mycelium for fruiting makees material preparation.
Artificial growth flat mushroom why 1 cycle of the 2-3 months, be artificial environment provide seeded precipitation culture matrix after,
There is no follow-up nutrition, and system is more opened, and strain is contaminated aging, loses vigor.The present invention, when flat mushroom is planted,
There is provided a linden, similar to the trunk of wild flat mushroom, can continuously supply seed, and, from linden slightly away from ground
Side, because supplementing the nutrients in time, before strain is unaged, that is, adds new nutriment, excites strain that mycelium occurs.Institute
So that present invention plantation flat mushroom, introduces a collection has two, and one is linden, and another is the mycelium of culture base-material.
2nd, high and low temperature season management
Wide warm type flat mushroom mostly occurs in season in spring and autumn, and the time of generation is long, stable yield and it is high, and low temperature is flat with high temperature modification
The time that mushroom occurs is short, and under extreme low temperature and high temperature, will not also occur.Whole year production flat mushroom is wanted, wide warm type kind is selected, with
The many fruitings of phase spring and autumn, fruiting long has gone out mushroom.But wide warm type flat mushroom kind need experience is unsuitable for the high temperature of growth and fruiting
Season, too high temperature can allow strain dead, so, to take the measure of aestivating；Similarly, wide warm type flat mushroom kind need experience is unsuitable for
Growth and the low temperature season of fruiting, too low temperature can allow strain frostbite dead, so, to take the measure of surviving the winter；Correctly locating
Managed aestivate with survive the winter after, flat mushroom strain survival, once into the temperature for being suitable for growth, then the nutrition in absorption base starts
Mycelial growth, accumulates the vegetative mycelium of fruiting phase.
3rd, the continuous input of nutrients.
Why wild flat mushroom recurs on withered tree, and the withered tree for also residing in densification is organized as flat mushroom strain there is provided source
The continuous nutritional requirement in source, can recur flat mushroom 2-3 on small withered tree, big withered tree can recur 8-12.
And the matrix that artificial cultivation flat mushroom is provided, within the 2-3 months, nutriment has been exhausted substantially, obtained by remaining nutrients
Output do not support place occupancy.
The content of the invention
This patent technical problem to be solved is the vigor that significantly extension flat mushroom produces strain, takes measures to make flat mushroom
Strain energy safe production in summer and safe overwintering, the continuous outputs of 2-3 no longer add strain, there is provided a set of to be suitable for farm land intensive
Change under managing, realize flat mushroom anniversary, simple, efficient, the technology kind of large-scale production.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：It is a kind of to plant flat mushroom safe production in summer circulatingly for many years
Cultural method with surviving the winter, comprises the following steps：
(1) prepared by strain；
(2) prepared by mushroom producing culture base：The plastic tub dress of compost 43cm long × 33cm wide × 13cm high, puts at basin center
Enter 2 diameter 8-10cm, a height of 10cm through nutrient solution soak broad leaf tree linden after sterilize as mushroom producing culture base；
(3) mushroom spawn culture：Cultigen uniformly accesses mushroom producing culture base, the culture of feeding culturing room；
(4) soil treatment：The soil of below 30cm is selected, the screen cloth of 1cm diameters, sieved soil 1m is smashed and cross3Use first
Aldehyde 500ml, DDVP 8ml, convert into aqueous solution 5kg, uniformly spray and adjust soil moisture to 18%-20%, then use black
Covered rearing with plastic film, closed sterilization 24h is stand-by；
(5) mushroom spawn is buried：Before and after annual the Beginning of Winter, when temperature is down to less than 10 DEG C, on leveling land, 1.2- wide is made
After 1.3m, the furrow of depth 15cm use lime disinfection, then by 3 be a row will be limed in mushroom spawn ridge-up bed, on mushroom spawn sterilize after cover
Cover the treated soil of 3-5cm, soil surface sterilization；
(6) arching：Set up arch and black plastic film is covered on arch later, then cover sunshade net；
(7) spring management of producing mushroom：By winter, when temperature reaches 8-12 DEG C, black thin film and sunshade net are thrown off, sprayed
Heavy water, hangs mycelia, then covers sunshade net, and then spray knot mushroom water, is plucked when flat mushroom is grown up, and first batch of mushroom is gradually grown up, and rotation is pulled out
Rise, after having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, present within 9-11 days second batch mushroom flower bud again, now spray heavy water again, it
Soil layer moistening is kept afterwards, and second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking, so circulation；
(8) aestivate management：Top layer earthing is scalped, addition 10cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles lime on culture charge level
Powder, tramples compression compost, and blinding earth is returned immediately, and pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%- are sprinkled again in soil surface
20%, black plastic shed, upper lid sunshade net are built again；
(9) autumn management of producing mushroom：When temperature is reduced to 22 DEG C -28 DEG C by height, film is thrown off, cover sunshade net, there is mushroom
When flower bud occurs, heavy water is sprayed, keep mushroom bed moistening, first batch of mushroom is gradually grown up, and rotation is pulled up, and after having plucked first batch of mushroom, is done naturally
It is dry, make bed surface slightly dry, present within 6-8 days second batch mushroom flower bud again, heavy water is now applied again, bed surface humidity is maintained, second batch mushroom gradually grows up,
Until plucking, so circulation；
(10) overwinter management：When temperature is reduced to 8-11 DEG C by height, top layer earthing is scalped, be deposited in side, added
15cm thick sterilising medium, sprinkles pulverized limestone, puts sterilization plank, tramples compression compost, blinding earth is returned immediately, in soil
Surface sprinkles pulverized limestone again, and adjustment soil moisture builds black plastic shed, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding again to 18%-20%
Pressure is tight.
Further, in step (1), strain preparation process includes：
A, parent species selection and Amplification Culture：The 10-30 DEG C of kind of the normal fruiting of energy of selection, and the parent species of selection are transferred to
Cultivated on potato sucrose slant tube culture medium to covering with test tube slant；
It is prepared by B, original seed：Wheat removes debris, and 4-6h is soaked with 50 DEG C of warm water, is boiled in boiling water to interior without the raw heart, does not break outward
Skin；Filter off excessive moisture, spreading for cooling in breathe freely bamboo dustpan on, natural wind be blown to receive sweat, admix wheat dry weight 2% gypsum and
1% pulverized limestone, fully mixes, and is fitted into 750ml vials, and thoroughly sterilizing, accesses parent species, incubated at room temperature to maturation after cooling；
It is prepared by C, cultigen：Cotton seed hulls culture medium is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, and loop-carrier is filled in centre, cold after sterilizing
But, extract loop-carrier out, access original seed, incubated at room temperature to maturation.
Further, in step C, the cotton seed hulls culture medium is made up of the raw material of following weight percents：Cotton seed hulls
83%th, corn flour 10.5%, wheat bran 5% and pulverized limestone 1.5%.
Further, in step (3), the compost is made up of the raw material of following weight percents：Cotton seed hulls 40%, wood
Bits 30%, corncob 15%, corn flour 8.5%, wheat bran 5% and pulverized limestone 1.5%.
Further, in step (3), the compost is made up of the raw material of following weight percents：Wood chip 33%, corn
Core 45%, corn flour 10.5%, rape cake 5%, wheat bran 5%, pulverized limestone 1.5%.
The method have the benefit that：Using the inventive method, the production cycle of flat mushroom can be extended, saving is produced into
This, based on central source strain, supplemented by mycelium maintenance, has ensured the long-term biological growth ability of mycelium.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Implement 1
(1) strain prepares
A, parent species selection and Amplification Culture：The 10-30 DEG C of kind of the normal fruiting of energy of selection, and the parent species of selection are transferred to
Cultivated on potato sucrose slant tube culture medium to covering with test tube slant；
It is prepared by B, original seed：Wheat removes debris, and 4-6h is soaked with 50 DEG C of warm water, is boiled in boiling water to interior without the raw heart, does not break outward
Skin；Filter off excessive moisture, spreading for cooling in breathe freely bamboo dustpan on, natural wind be blown to receive sweat, admix wheat dry weight 2% gypsum and
1% pulverized limestone, fully mixes, and is fitted into 750ml vials, and thoroughly sterilizing, accesses parent species, incubated at room temperature to maturation after cooling；
It is prepared by C, cultigen：(culture medium is constituted cotton seed hulls culture medium：Cotton seed hulls 83%, corn flour 10.5%, wheat bran
5%th, pulverized limestone 1.5%) loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, loop-carrier is filled in centre, is cooled down after sterilizing, extracts loop-carrier out, access
Original seed, incubated at room temperature to maturation.
(2) preparation of linden：The broad-leaved wood of more than diameter 8cm is cut down, doing to end there are fine cracks to spend, and is sawn into
Segment 10cm long, it is standby after being soaked thoroughly with nutrient solution.
(3) prepared by mushroom producing culture base：Compost (cotton seed hulls 40%, wood chip 30%, corncob 15%, corn flour 8.5%,
Wheat bran 5%, pulverized limestone 1.5%) filled with the plastic tub of 43cm long × 33cm wide × 13cm high.2 diameter 8- are put at basin center
The broad leaf tree linden soaked through nutrient solution of 10cm 10cm high, common sterilizing provides kind of a subcenter to circulation production.Compost fills
Point turn uniform, high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization are to thorough.
(4) mushroom spawn culture：Cultigen is uniformly accessed sterilizing mushroom producing culture base, the culture of feeding culturing room.
(5) soil treatment：The soil of below 30cm is selected, the screen cloth of 1cm diameters, sieved soil 1m is smashed and cross3Use first
Aldehyde 500ml, DDVP 8ml, convert into aqueous solution 5kg, uniform sprinkling, after adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20%, use black plastic
Film is covered, and the compacting of surrounding soil block prevents the gas of outside from entering, and closed sterilization 24h is stand-by.
(6) mushroom spawn is buried：First level land, make 1.2-1.3m wide, depth 15cm, length according to field, move towards depending on ridge-up bed,
Spread last layer pulverized limestone sterilization, with will free of contamination cultured mushroom spawn, every 3 are discharged into 1 row, are put into ridge-up bed, mushroom spawn
On spill the sterilization of a little pulverized limestone, cover the disinfection soil of 3-5cm, a little pulverized limestone is spilt in native face again, and the height after earthing is slightly above
Ground level.Encircle every 1m framves 1, black plastic film covered on arch, then cover sunshade net, make Small plastic shed one by one,
Surrounding pressure is tight.
(7) spring management of producing mushroom：By a winter, when temperature gos up to 8-12 DEG C, black thin film and sunshade are thrown off
Net, sprays heavy water, hangs mycelia, then covers sunshade net, then spray knot mushroom water, after neat mushroom flower bud occurs, keeps soil layer moistening,
First batch of mushroom is gradually grown up, and rotation is pulled up.After having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, present within 9-11 days second batch mushroom again
Flower bud, now sprays heavy water again, and soil layer moistening is kept afterwards, and second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking.So circulation, spring can
To adopt 3-5 batches of mushroom.
(8) safe production in summer management：By after spring fruiting, the nutritional ingredient of culture base-material is largely exhausted, only in base-material
Log in also contain a large amount of great-hearted mycelium.Now, temperature is gradually high, into summer.Wide warm type flat mushroom is in height
Warm summer, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For the fruiting of autumn and winter, now need to do following work, scalp top layer earthing, stack
In 1 side, addition 10cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone, sterilization plank is put immediately on culture charge level, tramples compression
Compost, returns blinding earth immediately, and pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again build
Black plastic shed, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
(9) autumn management of producing mushroom：When temperature is reduced to 22 DEG C -28 DEG C by height, start autumn and winter management of producing mushroom.At this moment,
Black plastic film is thrown off, but still covers sunshade net, seen when thering is mushroom flower bud to occur, spray heavy water, keep mushroom bed moistening, first batch of mushroom
Gradually grow up, rotation is pulled up, after having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, 7 days or so, present second batch mushroom flower bud again,
Heavy water now being applied again, the certain humidity of bed surface is maintained, second batch mushroom gradually growing up, until plucking, so circulation, autumn and winter can adopt
6-8 batches of mushroom.
(10) overwinter management：When temperature is reduced to 8-11 DEG C by height, start safe overwintering management.At this moment, temperature is gradually
Drop, wide warm type flat mushroom is in low temperature season, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For next spring fruiting, now need to do following work
Make, scalp top layer earthing, be deposited in 1 side, addition 15cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone, puts sterilization plank, tramples
Compost is compressed, blinding earth is returned immediately, pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again take
Black plastic shed is built, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
Hereafter, 3-5 is circulated by step (7)-(10) method, log strain regeneration mycelium is difficult until center,
During biological transformation ratio step-down, terminate circulation.
Implement 2
(1) strain prepares
A, parent species selection and Amplification Culture：The 10-30 DEG C of kind of the normal fruiting of energy of selection, and the parent species of selection are transferred to
Cultivated on potato sucrose slant tube culture medium to covering with test tube slant；
It is prepared by B, original seed：Jowar is removed into debris, 4-6h is soaked to saturating with 50 DEG C of warm water, be put into pot, boiled in boiling water to
It is interior without the raw heart, not broken skin outward；Excessive moisture is filtered off, on bamboo dustpan of breathing freely, natural wind is blown to receive sweat for spreading for cooling, admixes wheat and does
2% gypsum and 1% pulverized limestone is weighed, is fully mixed, be fitted into 750ml vials, thoroughly sterilizing, accesses parent species, room after cooling
Temperature is cultivated to maturation；
It is prepared by C, cultigen：(culture medium is constituted cotton seed hulls culture medium：Cotton seed hulls 83%, corn flour 10.5%, wheat bran
5%th, pulverized limestone 1.5%) loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, loop-carrier is filled in centre, is cooled down after sterilizing, extracts loop-carrier out, access
Original seed, incubated at room temperature to maturation.
(2) preparation of linden：The broad-leaved wood of more than diameter 8cm is cut down, doing to end there are fine cracks to spend, and is sawn into
Segment 10cm long, it is standby after being soaked thoroughly with nutrient solution.
(3) prepared by mushroom producing culture base：Compost (cotton seed hulls 40%, wood chip 30%, corncob 15%, corn flour 8.5%,
Wheat bran 5%, pulverized limestone 1.5%) filled with the plastic tub of 43cm long × 33cm wide × 13cm high.2 diameter 8- are put at basin center
The broad leaf tree linden soaked through nutrient solution of 10cm, a height of 10cm, common sterilizing provides kind of a subcenter to circulation production.Culture
Material is fully turned uniformly, and high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization are to thorough.
(4) mushroom spawn culture：Cultigen is uniformly accessed sterilizing mushroom producing culture base, the culture of feeding culturing room.
(5) soil treatment：The soil of below 30cm is selected, the screen cloth of 1cm diameters, sieved soil 1m is smashed and cross3Use first
Aldehyde 500ml, DDVP 8ml, convert into aqueous solution 5kg, uniform sprinkling, after adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20%.Use black plastic
Film is covered, and the compacting of surrounding soil block prevents the gas of outside from entering, and closed sterilization 24h is stand-by.
(6) mushroom spawn is buried：First level land, be made 1.2-1.3m wide, depth 15cm, length according to field, move towards depending on ridge-up bed,
Spread last layer pulverized limestone sterilization, with will free of contamination cultured mushroom spawn, every 3 are discharged into 1 row, are put into ridge-up bed, about 1.3
Meter Kuan, spills a little pulverized limestone sterilization on mushroom spawn, cover the disinfection soil of 3-5cm, and a little pulverized limestone is spilt in native face again, the height after earthing
Degree is slightly above ground level.Encircle every 1m framves 1, black plastic film is covered on arch, then cover sunshade net, make one by one
Small plastic shed, surrounding pressure is tight.
(7) spring management of producing mushroom：By a winter, when temperature gos up to 8-12 DEG C, black thin film and sunshade are thrown off
Net, sprays heavy water, hangs mycelia, then covers sunshade net, then spray knot mushroom water, after neat mushroom flower bud occurs, keeps soil layer moistening,
First batch of mushroom is gradually grown up, and rotation is pulled up.After having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, present within 9-11 days second batch mushroom again
Flower bud, now sprays heavy water again, and soil layer moistening is kept afterwards, and second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking.So circulation, spring can
To adopt 3-5 batches of mushroom.
(8) safe production in summer management：By after spring fruiting, the nutritional ingredient of culture base-material is largely exhausted, only in base-material
Log in also contain a large amount of great-hearted mycelium.Now, temperature is gradually high, into summer.Wide warm type flat mushroom is in height
Warm summer, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For the fruiting of autumn and winter, now need to do following work, scalp top layer earthing, stack
In side, addition 10cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone, sterilization plank is put immediately on culture charge level, tramples pressure
Tight compost, returns blinding earth immediately, and pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again take
Black plastic shed is built, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
(9) autumn management of producing mushroom
When temperature is reduced to 22 DEG C -28 DEG C by height, start autumn and winter management of producing mushroom.At this moment, black plastic film is thrown off,
But still sunshade net is covered, and see when thering is mushroom flower bud to occur, spray heavy water, mushroom bed moistening is kept, first batch of mushroom is gradually grown up, and rotation is pulled out
Rise, after having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, 7 days or so, present second batch mushroom flower bud again, now apply heavy water again, tie up
The certain humidity of bed surface is held, second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking, so circulation, autumn and winter can adopt 6-8 batches of mushroom.
(10) overwinter management：When temperature is reduced to 8-11 DEG C by height, start safe overwintering management.At this moment, temperature is gradually
Drop, wide warm type flat mushroom is in low temperature season, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For next spring fruiting, now need to do following work
Make, scalp top layer earthing, be deposited in 1 side, addition 15cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone, puts sterilization plank, tramples
Compost is compressed, blinding earth is returned immediately, pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again take
Black plastic shed is built, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
Hereafter, 3-5 is circulated by step (7)-(10) method, log strain regeneration mycelium is difficult until center,
During biological transformation ratio step-down, terminate circulation.
Implement 3
(1) strain prepares
A, parent species selection and Amplification Culture：The 10-30 DEG C of kind of the normal fruiting of energy of selection, and the parent species of selection are transferred to
Cultivated on potato sucrose slant tube culture medium to covering with test tube slant；
It is prepared by B, original seed：Jowar is removed into debris, 4-6h is soaked to saturating with 50 DEG C of warm water, be put into pot, boiled in boiling water to
It is interior without the raw heart, not broken skin outward；Excessive moisture is filtered off, on bamboo dustpan of breathing freely, natural wind is blown to receive sweat for spreading for cooling, admixes wheat and does
2% gypsum and 1% pulverized limestone is weighed, is fully mixed, be fitted into 750ml vials, thoroughly sterilizing, accesses parent species, room after cooling
Temperature is cultivated to maturation；
It is prepared by C, cultigen：(culture medium is constituted cotton seed hulls culture medium：Cotton seed hulls 83%, corn flour 10.5%, wheat bran
5%th, pulverized limestone 1.5%) loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, loop-carrier is filled in centre, is cooled down after sterilizing, extracts loop-carrier out, access
Original seed, incubated at room temperature to maturation.
(2) preparation of linden：The broad-leaved wood of more than diameter 8cm is cut down, doing to end there are fine cracks to spend, and is sawn into
Segment 10cm long, it is standby after being soaked thoroughly with nutrient solution.
(3) prepared by mushroom producing culture base：Compost (wood chip 33%, corncob 45%, corn flour 10.5%, rape cake 5%,
Wheat bran 5%, pulverized limestone 1.5%) filled with the plastic tub of 43cm long × 33cm wide × 13cm high.2 diameter 8- are put at basin center
The broad leaf tree linden soaked through nutrient solution of 10cm 10cm high, common sterilizing provides kind of a subcenter to circulation production.Compost fills
Point turn uniform, high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization are to thorough.
(4) mushroom spawn culture：Cultigen is uniformly accessed sterilizing mushroom producing culture base, the culture of feeding culturing room.
(5) soil treatment：The soil of below 30cm is selected, the screen cloth of 1cm diameters, sieved soil 1m is smashed and cross3Use first
Aldehyde 500ml, DDVP 8ml, convert into aqueous solution 5kg, uniform sprinkling, after adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20%.Use black plastic
Film is covered, and the compacting of surrounding soil block prevents the gas of outside from entering, and closed sterilization 24h is stand-by.
(6) mushroom spawn is buried：First level land, be made 1.2-1.3m wide, depth 15cm, length according to field, move towards depending on ridge-up bed,
Spread last layer pulverized limestone sterilization, with will free of contamination cultured mushroom spawn, every 3 are discharged into 1 row, are put into ridge-up bed, about 1.3
Meter Kuan, spills a little pulverized limestone sterilization on mushroom spawn, cover the disinfection soil of 3-5cm, and a little pulverized limestone is spilt in native face again, the height after earthing
Degree is slightly above ground level.Encircle every 1m framves 1, black plastic film is covered on arch, then cover sunshade net, make one by one
Small plastic shed, surrounding pressure is tight.
(7) spring management of producing mushroom：By a winter, when temperature gos up to 10 DEG C, black thin film and sunshade net are thrown off,
Heavy water is sprayed, mycelia is hung, then covers sunshade net, then spray knot mushroom water, after neat mushroom flower bud occurs, keep soil layer moistening, it is first
Criticize mushroom gradually to grow up, rotation is pulled up.After having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, 10 days, present second batch mushroom flower bud again,
Heavy water now is sprayed again, soil layer moistening is kept afterwards, second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking.So circulation, spring can adopt
3-5 batches of mushroom.
(8) aestivate management：By after spring fruiting, the nutritional ingredient of culture base-material is largely exhausted, the only original in base-material
A large amount of great-hearted mycelium are also contained in wood.Now, temperature is gradually high, into summer.Wide warm type flat mushroom is in the high temperature summer
Season, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For the fruiting of autumn and winter, now need to do following work, scalp top layer earthing, be deposited in 1
Side, addition 10cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone on culture charge level, and sterilization plank is put immediately, tramples compression training
Nutriment, returns blinding earth immediately, and pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again build black
Color plastic canopy, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
(9) autumn management of producing mushroom：When temperature is reduced to 25 DEG C by height, start autumn and winter management of producing mushroom.At this moment, throw off black
Color plastic sheeting, but still cover sunshade net, is shown in when having mushroom flower bud to occur, and sprays heavy water, keeps mushroom bed moistening, and first batch of mushroom is gradually long
Greatly, rotation is pulled up, and after having plucked first batch of mushroom, is spontaneously dried, and makes bed surface slightly dry, 7 days or so, presents second batch mushroom flower bud again, now again
Heavy water is applied, the certain humidity of bed surface is maintained, second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking, so circulation, autumn and winter can adopt 6-8 batches
Mushroom.
(10) overwinter management：When temperature is reduced to 8-11 DEG C by height, start safe overwintering management.At this moment, temperature is gradually
Drop, wide warm type flat mushroom is in low temperature season, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For next spring fruiting, now need to do following work
Make, scalp top layer earthing, be deposited in 1 side, addition 15cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone, puts sterilization plank, tramples
Compost is compressed, blinding earth is returned immediately, pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again take
Black plastic shed is built, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
Hereafter, 3-5 is circulated by step (7)-(10) method, log strain regeneration mycelium is difficult until center,
During biological transformation ratio step-down, terminate circulation.
Implement 4
(1) strain prepares
A, parent species selection and Amplification Culture：The 10-30 DEG C of kind of the normal fruiting of energy of selection, and the parent species of selection are transferred to
Cultivated on potato sucrose slant tube culture medium to covering with test tube slant；
It is prepared by B, original seed：Jowar is removed into debris, 4-6h is soaked to saturating with 50 DEG C of warm water, be put into pot, boiled in boiling water to
It is interior without the raw heart, not broken skin outward；Excessive moisture is filtered off, on bamboo dustpan of breathing freely, natural wind is blown to receive sweat for spreading for cooling, admixes wheat and does
2% gypsum and 1% pulverized limestone is weighed, is fully mixed, be fitted into 750ml vials, thoroughly sterilizing, accesses parent species, room after cooling
Temperature is cultivated to maturation；
It is prepared by C, cultigen：(culture medium is constituted cotton seed hulls culture medium：Cotton seed hulls 83%, corn flour 10.5%, wheat bran
5%th, pulverized limestone 1.5%) loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, loop-carrier is filled in centre, is cooled down after sterilizing, extracts loop-carrier out, access
Original seed, incubated at room temperature to maturation.
(2) preparation of linden：The broad-leaved wood of more than diameter 8cm is cut down, doing to end there are fine cracks to spend, and is sawn into
Segment 10cm long, it is standby after being soaked thoroughly with nutrient solution.
(3) prepared by mushroom producing culture base：Compost (wood chip 33%, corncob 45%, corn flour 10.5%, rape cake 5%,
Wheat bran 5%, pulverized limestone 1.5%) filled with the plastic tub of 43cm long × 33cm wide × 13cm high.2 diameter 8- are put at basin center
The broad leaf tree linden soaked through nutrient solution of 10cm 10cm high, common sterilizing provides kind of a subcenter to circulation production.Compost fills
Point turn uniform, high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization are to thorough.
(4) mushroom spawn culture：Cultigen is uniformly accessed sterilizing mushroom producing culture base, the culture of feeding culturing room.
(5) soil treatment：The soil of below 30cm is selected, the screen cloth of 1cm diameters, sieved soil 1m is smashed and cross3Use first
Aldehyde 500ml, DDVP 8ml, convert into aqueous solution 5kg, uniform sprinkling, after adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20%.Use black plastic
Film is covered, and the compacting of surrounding soil block prevents the gas of outside from entering, and closed sterilization 24h is stand-by.
(6) mushroom spawn is buried：First level land, be made 1.2-1.3m wide, depth 15cm, length according to field, move towards depending on ridge-up bed,
Spread last layer pulverized limestone sterilization, with will free of contamination cultured mushroom spawn, every 3 are discharged into 1 row, are put into ridge-up bed, about 1.3
Meter Kuan, spills a little pulverized limestone sterilization on mushroom spawn, cover the disinfection soil of 3-5cm, and a little pulverized limestone is spilt in native face again, the height after earthing
Degree is slightly above ground level.Encircle every 1m framves 1, black plastic film is covered on arch, then cover sunshade net, make one by one
Small plastic shed, surrounding pressure is tight.
(7) spring management of producing mushroom：By a winter, when temperature gos up to 10 DEG C, black thin film and sunshade net are thrown off,
Heavy water is sprayed, mycelia is hung, then covers sunshade net, then spray knot mushroom water, after neat mushroom flower bud occurs, keep soil layer moistening, it is first
Criticize mushroom gradually to grow up, rotation is pulled up.After having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, present within 10 days second batch mushroom flower bud again,
Heavy water now is sprayed again, soil layer moistening is kept afterwards, second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking.So circulation, spring can adopt
3-5 batches of mushroom.
(8) aestivate management：By after spring fruiting, the nutritional ingredient of culture base-material is largely exhausted, the only original in base-material
A large amount of great-hearted mycelium are also contained in wood.Now, temperature is gradually high, into summer.Wide warm type flat mushroom is in the high temperature summer
Season, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For the fruiting of autumn and winter, now need to do following work, scalp top layer earthing, be deposited in 1
Side, addition 10cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone on culture charge level, and sterilization plank is put immediately, tramples compression training
Nutriment, returns blinding earth immediately, and pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again build black
Color plastic canopy, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
(9) autumn management of producing mushroom：When temperature is reduced to 25 DEG C or so by height, start autumn and winter management of producing mushroom.At this moment, take off
Black removal plastic sheeting, but still cover sunshade net, is shown in when having mushroom flower bud to occur, and sprays heavy water, keeps mushroom bed moistening, first batch of mushroom by
Gradually grow up, rotation is pulled up, after having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, 7 days or so, present second batch mushroom flower bud again, this
When apply heavy water again, maintain the certain humidity of bed surface, second batch mushroom gradually grows up, and until plucking, so circulation, autumn and winter can adopt 6-
8 batches of mushrooms.
(10) overwinter management：When temperature is reduced to 10 DEG C by height, start safe overwintering management.At this moment, temperature is gradually walked
Low, wide warm type flat mushroom is in low temperature season, it is impossible to which fructification occurs again.For next spring fruiting, now need to do following work,
Top layer earthing is scalped, 1 side is deposited in, addition 15cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone, puts sterilization plank, tramples pressure
Tight compost, returns blinding earth immediately, and pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20% are sprinkled again in soil surface.Again build
Black plastic shed, upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight.
Hereafter, 3-5 is circulated by step (7)-(10) method, log strain regeneration mycelium is difficult until center,
During biological transformation ratio step-down, terminate circulation.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific terminology) have with art of the present invention in those of ordinary skill general understanding identical meaning.Should also
Understand, those terms defined in such as general dictionary should be understood that the meaning having with the context of prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, will not be with idealizing or excessively formal implication be explained.
It should be noted last that：Above example is only used to illustrative and not limiting technical scheme, although ginseng
The present invention has been described in detail according to above-described embodiment, it will be apparent to an ordinarily skilled person in the art that：Still can be to this
Invention is modified or equivalent, any modification or partial replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and its is equal
Should cover in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (5)
1. flat mushroom safe production in summer is planted circulatingly with the cultural method survived the winter for many years, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) prepared by strain；
(2) prepared by mushroom producing culture base：The plastic tub dress of compost 43cm long × 33cm wide × 13cm high, 2 are put at basin center
Individual diameter 8-10cm, a height of 10cm through nutrient solution soak broad leaf tree linden after sterilize as mushroom producing culture base；
(3) mushroom spawn culture：Cultigen uniformly accesses mushroom producing culture base, the culture of feeding culturing room；
(4) soil treatment：The soil of below 30cm is selected, the screen cloth of 1cm diameters, sieved soil 1m is smashed and cross3Use formaldehyde
500ml, DDVP 8ml, convert into aqueous solution 5kg, uniformly spray and adjust soil moisture to 18%-20%, are then moulded with black
Material film covering, closed sterilization 24h is stand-by；
(5) mushroom spawn is buried：Before and after annual the Beginning of Winter, when temperature is down to less than 10 DEG C, on leveling land, 1.2-1.3m wide, depth are made
After the furrow of 15cm use lime disinfection, then by 3 be a row will be limed in mushroom spawn ridge-up bed, on mushroom spawn sterilize after cover 3-5cm
Treated soil, soil surface sterilization；
(6) arching：Set up arch and black plastic film is covered on arch later, then cover sunshade net；
(7) spring management of producing mushroom：By winter, when temperature reaches 8-12 DEG C, black thin film and sunshade net are thrown off, spray weight
Water, hangs mycelia, then covers sunshade net, and then spray knot mushroom water, is plucked when flat mushroom is grown up, and first batch of mushroom is gradually grown up, and rotation is pulled up,
After having plucked first batch of mushroom, spontaneously dry, make bed surface slightly dry, present within 9-11 days second batch mushroom flower bud again, now spray heavy water, Zhi Houbao again
Soil layer moistening is held, second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until plucking, so circulation；
(8) aestivate management：Top layer earthing is scalped, addition 10cm thick sterilising medium sprinkles pulverized limestone, steps on culture charge level
The tight compost of trampling, returns blinding earth immediately, and pulverized limestone, adjustment soil moisture to 18%-20%, weight are sprinkled again in soil surface
Newly build black plastic shed, upper lid sunshade net；
(9) autumn management of producing mushroom：When temperature is reduced to 22 DEG C -28 DEG C by height, film is thrown off, cover sunshade net, there is mushroom flower bud to send out
When raw, heavy water is sprayed, keep mushroom bed moistening, first batch of mushroom is gradually grown up, and rotation is pulled up, and after having plucked first batch of mushroom, is spontaneously dried, and is allowed
Bed surface is slightly dry, presents within 6-8 days second batch mushroom flower bud again, and heavy water is now applied again, maintains bed surface humidity, and second batch mushroom gradually grows up, until
Pluck, so circulation；
(10) overwinter management：When temperature is reduced to 8-11 DEG C by height, top layer earthing is scalped, be deposited in side, addition 15cm is thick
Sterilising medium, sprinkle pulverized limestone, put sterilization plank, trample compression compost, blinding earth is returned immediately, in soil surface again
Pulverized limestone is sprinkled, adjustment soil moisture builds black plastic shed again to 18%-20%, and upper lid sunshade net, surrounding pressure is tight
It is real.
2. flat mushroom safe production in summer is planted circulatingly for many years according to claim 1 with the cultural method survived the winter, it is characterised in that
In step (1), strain preparation process includes：
A, parent species selection and Amplification Culture：The 10-30 DEG C of kind of the normal fruiting of energy of selection, and the parent species of selection are transferred to potato
Cultivated on sucrose slant tube culture medium to covering with test tube slant；
It is prepared by B, original seed：Wheat removes debris, and 4-6h are soaked with 50 DEG C of warm water, is boiled in boiling water to interior without the raw heart, outward not broken skin；Filter
Excessive moisture is removed, on bamboo dustpan of breathing freely, natural wind is blown to receive sweat, admixes the gypsum and 1% lime of wheat dry weight 2% for spreading for cooling
Powder, fully mixes, and is fitted into 750ml vials, and thoroughly sterilizing, accesses parent species, incubated at room temperature to maturation after cooling；
It is prepared by C, cultigen：Loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, loop-carrier is filled in centre to cotton seed hulls culture medium, is cooled down after sterilizing, takes out
Go out loop-carrier, access original seed, incubated at room temperature to maturation.
3. flat mushroom safe production in summer is planted circulatingly for many years according to claim 2 with the cultural method survived the winter, it is characterised in that
In step C, the cotton seed hulls culture medium is made up of the raw material of following weight percents：Cotton seed hulls 83%, corn flour 10.5%, bran
Skin 5% and pulverized limestone 1.5%.
4. flat mushroom safe production in summer is planted circulatingly for many years according to claim 1 with the cultural method survived the winter, it is characterised in that
In step (3), the compost is made up of the raw material of following weight percents：Cotton seed hulls 40%, wood chip 30%, corncob
15%th, corn flour 8.5%, wheat bran 5% and pulverized limestone 1.5%.
5. flat mushroom safe production in summer is planted circulatingly for many years according to claim 1 with the cultural method survived the winter, it is characterised in that
In step (3), the compost is made up of the raw material of following weight percents：Wood chip 33%, corncob 45%, corn flour
10.5%th, rape cake 5%, wheat bran 5%, pulverized limestone 1.5%.
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