CN106674576B - 一种控制果蔬呼吸保鲜膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种控制果蔬呼吸保鲜膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种透气果蔬保鲜膜的制备方法，由两层膜体组成；上层是激光打孔膜层，下层为负载着抗菌剂、抗氧化剂功能组分的膜层；以厚度10‑100微米的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯类树脂为基材，在基材上穿孔，形成3‑1000微米的激光打孔膜；将聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯基材树脂与抗菌剂、抗氧化剂功能组分通过双螺杆机共混形成淋膜液；抗菌剂为山梨酸钾、尼泊尔酸金酯、苯甲酸钠食品级抗菌剂中的一种或多种混合物，添加量为0.5‑5.0％；抗氧化剂为茶多酚、丁基羟基茴香醚、没食子酸丙酯中的一种或多种混合物，添加量为0.5‑5.0％；通过淋膜工艺将功能组分的内层膜和激光打孔的外层膜复合构成透气果蔬保鲜膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包装用的化工产品，尤其是一种控制呼吸果蔬保鲜膜的制备方法，属于食品保鲜包装技术领域。
背景技术
保鲜膜是人们常用的一类食品包装用材，能使被包装食品在一定时间内维持一定新鲜度的常用塑料薄膜制品。果蔬保鲜应根据果蔬的生理活动特点，为果蔬提供适宜的贮藏环境。由于果蔬从性质上而言是有机生命体，在其贮藏过程中，需适度维持果蔬的生命活动，延缓其衰老过程，保持其新鲜度、风味和营养。从技术工艺和效果上而言，需要尽量控制贮藏环境中的二氧化碳和氧气的浓度，使其既能够保证果蔬进行呼吸、维持其生命的延续；同时又要控制和减缓其呼吸强度，及时排除果蔬贮藏过程中产生的乙烯、乙醇、乙醛等气体，防止被贮藏果蔬因正常生理活动中产生的乙烯、乙醇、乙醛增强果蔬的呼吸作用，加速果蔬的衰老和腐烂；还要减少水分的蒸发，使果蔬处于水饱和气体环境，一般湿度控制在70-95％为宜。
市场上现有的保鲜膜对果蔬的保鲜基本通过两个途径实现：
(1)在普通的膜基材中添加保鲜剂，如乙烯吸收剂、抗氧化剂、抗菌剂等；
(2)调节保鲜膜的透气性，从而调节包装内环境中的二氧化碳和氧气浓度，使其更接近理想的果蔬保鲜条件，如在普通膜基材中添加一些助剂，调节膜的透气性能，或在膜基材上打微孔，调节膜的透气性与果蔬的呼吸特性相适应。除了基于商用PE、PP的这些改性保鲜膜外，还有一些可食性薄膜应用于果蔬的保鲜。综合分析现有的果蔬保鲜膜，尚存在一定的缺陷。如强度不够，透气性不能满足使用要求，效果不稳定，功能单一等。
发明内容
本发明的目的：旨在提出一种控制果蔬呼吸保鲜膜的制备方法。使它在现有果蔬保鲜膜的基础上，开发一种既能有效抑制微生物繁殖、调节包装内环境湿度、又能有效匹配不同类型果蔬呼吸特性的复合多功能果蔬保鲜膜。
这种控制果蔬呼吸保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在：该保鲜膜一共由两层独立的膜体组成；其上层是激光打孔膜层，下层为负载着抗菌剂、抗氧化剂功能组分的PE、PP、PHA或者是PLA膜层。
具体制备工艺如下：
1)制备激光打孔膜
以厚度10微米至100微米的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯类树脂薄膜为基材，用激光打孔机在所选择的基材上穿孔，形成布有孔径为3微米至1000微米的激光打孔膜，然后进行单向或双向拉伸，拉伸速度为10-2000毫米/分钟，温度为50-200℃，拉伸比例为0-10％，由此获得具有良好透气性和力学性能的可用带孔薄膜，将该布有激光孔的拉伸薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的外层。
2)配置淋膜液
将选用的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯基材树脂与选用的抗菌剂或抗氧化剂功能组分按比例通过双螺杆机共混形成淋膜料；所述的抗菌剂为山梨酸钾、尼泊尔酸金酯、苯甲酸钠食品级抗菌剂中的一种或多种混合物，其添加量为质量分数0.5％-5.0％；所述的抗氧化剂为茶多酚、丁基羟基茴香醚、没食子酸丙酯中的一种或多种混合物，其添加量为质量分数0.5％-5.0％；厚度为10微米至100微米。
3)用挤出淋膜机制作复合膜
通过淋膜工艺将含抗菌剂和抗氧化剂等功能组分的内层膜和激光打孔的外层膜复合在一起构成透气果蔬保鲜膜；呼吸控制机制的由上层激光孔的密度和内层膜的厚度共同作用构成呼吸强度控制膜。
根据以上技术方案提出的这种具有一定透气功能的透气果蔬保鲜膜，不仅能够通过与果蔬直接接触的内层中的抗菌剂、抗氧化剂的作用，抑制果蔬因微生物作用引起的有害变化；同时，通过设有激光微孔的外层，排出被保鲜果蔬生理活动引起的升温和湿气；使被保鲜的果蔬在设定的时间内始终处于良好的保鲜环境中。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例进一步阐述本发明，并给本发明的实施例。
实施例1
取厚度为50微米的聚乙烯薄膜，选用激光打机，以孔径为3微米在聚乙烯薄膜进行均匀布孔，然后进行单向拉伸，拉伸速度为200毫米/分钟，拉伸温度为100℃，拉伸比例为5％，由此获得具有良好透气性和力学性能的、用于打孔的聚乙烯薄膜，用该布有激光孔的聚乙烯薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的可透气外层。
将选用的聚丙烯树脂、山梨酸钾抗菌剂、丁基羟基茴香醚抗氧化剂在双螺杆挤出机上共混构成共淋料，其中抗菌剂山梨酸钾的添加量为质量分数0.5％，抗氧化剂丁基羟基茴香醚的添加量为质量分数1.5％。
通过淋膜机将共混好的复合聚丙烯与打孔拉伸的外层膜复合，构成双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，淋膜厚度50微米。
使用这种双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，冷藏包装蓝莓，40天保鲜效果良好，多分过氧化酶和花青素含量变化低于15％。
实施例2
取厚度为100微米的聚乙烯薄膜，选用激光打机，以孔径为100微米在聚乙烯薄膜进行聚均匀布孔，然后进行双向拉伸，拉伸速度2000毫米/分钟，拉伸温度140℃，拉伸比例4％，由此获得具有良好透气性和力学性能的可用带孔聚乙烯薄膜，将该布有激光孔的拉伸薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的外层。。
将选用的聚乙烯树脂、尼泊尔酸金酯抗菌剂、茶多酚抗氧化剂在双螺杆挤出机上共混构成共淋料，其中抗菌剂尼泊尔酸金酯的添加量为质量分数5.0％，抗氧化剂茶多酚的添加量为质量分数0.5％。
通过淋膜机将共混好的复合聚乙烯与打孔拉拉伸的外层膜复合构成双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，淋膜厚度20微米。
使用这种双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，冷藏包装葡萄、圣女果，储存40天后，保鲜效果良好。
实施例3
取厚度为10微米的聚丙烯薄膜，选用激光打机，以孔径为1000微米在聚丙烯薄膜进行聚均匀布孔，然后进行双向拉伸，拉伸速度10毫米/分钟，拉伸温度120℃，拉伸比例5％，由此获得具有良好透气性和力学性能的可用带孔聚丙烯薄膜，将该布有激光孔的拉伸薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的外层。。
将选用的聚乳酸酯、山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠抗菌剂，茶多酚、没食子酸丙酯抗氧化剂在双螺杆挤出机上共混构成共淋料，其中抗菌剂山梨酸钾的添加量为质量分数2.5％、苯甲酸钠的添加量为质量分数1.5％，抗氧化剂茶多酚的添加量为质量分数3.0％，没食子酸丙酯添加量为质量分数1.5％。
通过淋膜机将共混好的复合聚乳酸酯与打孔的外层膜复合构成双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，淋膜厚度100微米。
使用这种双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，冷藏包装西兰花，15天保鲜效果良好。
实施例4
取厚度为50微米的聚乳酸薄膜，选用激光打机，以孔径为3微米在聚乳酸薄膜进行均匀布孔，然后进行单向拉伸，拉伸速度200微米/分钟，拉伸温度50℃，拉伸比例3％，由此获得具有良好透气性和力学性能的可用带孔聚乳酸酯薄膜，将该布有激光孔的拉伸薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的外层。
将选用的聚丙烯树脂、尼泊尔酸金酯、苯甲酸钠杀菌剂，丁基羟基茴香醚抗氧化剂在双螺杆挤出机上共混构成共淋料，其中抗菌剂尼泊尔酸金酯的添加量为质量分数1.5％、苯甲酸钠的添加量为质量分数1.5％，抗氧化剂丁基羟基茴香醚的添加量为质量分数1.5％。
通过淋膜机将共混好的复合聚丙烯与打孔的外层膜复合构成双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，淋膜厚度70微米。
使用这种双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，冷藏包装蓝莓，40天保鲜效果良好，多分过氧化酶和花青素含量变化低于15％。
实施例5
取厚度为20微米的聚羟基烷酸酯薄膜，选用激光打机，以孔径为100微米在聚羟基烷酸酯薄膜进行均匀布孔，然后进行单向拉伸，拉伸速度为100微米/分钟、伸温度80℃、伸比例10％，由此获得具有良好透气性和力学性能的可用带孔聚羟基烷酸酯薄膜，将该布有激光孔的拉伸薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的外层。
将选用的聚羟基烷酸酯树脂、山梨酸钾抗菌剂、没食子酸丙酯抗氧化剂在双螺杆挤出机上共混构成淋料，其中抗菌剂山梨酸钾的添加量为质量分数2.5％，抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯的添加量为质量分数5.0％。
通过淋膜机将共混好的复合聚羟基烷酸酯与打孔的外层聚羟基烷酸酯薄膜复合构成双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，淋膜厚度80微米。
使用这种双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，冷藏包装西兰花，15天，保鲜效果良好。
实施例6
取厚度为20微米的聚羟基烷酸酯薄膜，选用激光打机，以孔径为1000微米在聚羟基烷酸酯聚薄膜进行聚均匀布孔，然后进行双向拉伸，拉伸速度50微米/分钟，拉伸温度100℃，拉伸比例6％，获得具有良好透气性和力学性能的可用带孔聚羟基烷酸酯薄膜，将该布有激光孔的拉伸薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的外层。
将选用的聚丙烯树脂、苯甲酸钠抗菌剂、茶多酚抗氧化剂在双螺杆挤出机上共混构成共淋料，中抗菌剂苯甲酸钠的添加量为质量分数2.5％，抗氧化剂茶多酚的添加量为质量分数5.0％。
通过淋膜机将共混好的复合聚丙烯与打孔的聚羟基烷酸酯薄膜外层膜复合构成双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，淋膜厚度100微米。
用这种双层结构的透气果蔬保鲜膜，冷藏包装圣女果，15天效果良好。
在实际使用中，用户可根据不同的被包装果蔬，选择相应的树脂薄膜、调整激光打孔膜的孔径，匹配不同类型果蔬的呼吸特性。下层是PE、PP、PHA或者是PLA膜，负载抗菌剂、抗氧化剂等功能组分，需要注意的是所选择的抗菌剂、抗氧化剂必须是食品级原料；这样才能为各种果蔬提供使用的透气性鲜薄膜具有良好的保鲜功能和使用的安全性。
以上仅是本申请人依据创意给出的本发明的基本实施方式，并不代表本分明的全部，任何依照本发明提出的透气双层保鲜膜应该属于本发明保护的范畴。
Claims (1)
1.一种透气果蔬保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在：该保鲜膜一共由两层独立的膜体组成；其上层是激光打孔膜层，下层为负载着抗菌剂、抗氧化剂功能组分的PE膜层；
具体制备工艺如下：
1)制备激光打孔膜
以厚度10微米至100微米的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯类树脂薄膜为基材，用激光打孔机在所选择的基材上穿孔，形成布有孔径为3微米至1000微米的激光打孔膜，然后进行单向或双向拉伸，拉伸速度为10-2000毫米/分钟，温度为50-200℃，拉伸比例为0-10％,得具有良好透气性和力学性能的可用带孔薄膜，将该布有激光孔的拉伸薄膜作为复合保鲜膜的外层；
2)配置淋膜液
将选用的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯基材树脂与选用的抗菌剂或抗氧化剂功能组分按比例通过双螺杆机共混形成淋膜料；所述的抗菌剂为山梨酸钾、尼泊尔酸金酯、苯甲酸钠食品级抗菌剂中的一种或多种混合物，其添加量为质量分数0.5％-5.0％；所述的抗氧化剂为茶多酚、丁基羟基茴香醚、没食子酸丙酯中的一种或多种混合物，其添加量为质量分数0.5％-5.0％；厚度为10-100微米；
3)用挤出淋膜机制作复合膜
通过淋膜工艺将含抗菌剂和抗氧化剂功能组分的内层膜和激光打孔的外层膜复合在一起构成透气果蔬保鲜膜；构成由上层打孔的密度和内层膜的厚度共同作用形成的呼吸强度控制膜。
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| CN205044229U (zh) * | 2015-09-06 | 2016-02-24 | 崔跃飞 | 一种具有嵌入式窗口结构的复合薄膜 |
-
2017
- 2017-01-04 CN CN201710003051.3A patent/CN106674576B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87102995A (zh) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-01-13 | 河北农业大学 | 果蔬保鲜贮藏薄膜或薄膜袋 |
| CN102092514A (zh) * | 2010-11-15 | 2011-06-15 | 惠州宝柏包装有限公司 | 一种排气冷冻蔬菜软包装袋及其制备方法 |
| CN205044229U (zh) * | 2015-09-06 | 2016-02-24 | 崔跃飞 | 一种具有嵌入式窗口结构的复合薄膜 |
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