WO2022213464A1 - 一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022213464A1 WO2022213464A1 PCT/CN2021/096815 CN2021096815W WO2022213464A1 WO 2022213464 A1 WO2022213464 A1 WO 2022213464A1 CN 2021096815 W CN2021096815 W CN 2021096815W WO 2022213464 A1 WO2022213464 A1 WO 2022213464A1
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- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
- B65D81/28—Applications of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of feed preservation, in particular to the preservation technology of paste feed.
- Fish paste, shrimp paste, fish dissolving paste and squid paste are a kind of single aquatic feed raw materials. They mainly use marine fish, marine shrimp or visceral by-products of fish and shrimp as raw materials. After high temperature cooking or enzymatic hydrolysis, dehydration and concentration are used to obtain paste. .
- the paste feed has a moisture content in the range of 35% to 60%, protein content in the range of 20% to 45%, and fat content in the range of 5% to 25%. The content will reach the range of 15% to 35%, and the free amino acid content of some fully enzymatically hydrolyzed products can even be as high as 5%, and the protein digestibility can be as high as 80% to 95%. Therefore, the nutritional value is very high.
- the paste product is rich in nutrients, the sterilization of the processing process and the preservation of the finished product are important things, otherwise the material will be corrupted and deteriorated in a very short time. (If the paste products packed in iron buckets are not sterilized and anti-corrosion measures are not good, they will spoil in as fast as 5 days)
- the paste products for feed are mainly sterilized and preserved by the following measures:
- a large proportion of sodium chloride is added to the material to increase the osmotic pressure. In order to ensure no spoilage, the content of sodium chloride is often added in a proportion of 15-30%.
- the concentration process is used for thermal sterilization, because the concentration requires a certain time and a certain temperature (generally 60-90 ° C).
- Chinese patent CN101278703A "A production method for preparing aquatic feed attractant with squid viscera" mentioned in the preparation process of squid paste that it uses low-temperature vacuum concentration equipment to concentrate materials, and the disclosed temperature range is 60-65 °C 80 -90 °C, the treatment time is 3-4 hours, this condition can play a certain degree of thermal sterilization effect.
- preservatives Adding a certain content of preservatives to the material, and using different types of preservatives with different effects alone or in combination is a general routine method.
- preservatives There are many kinds of preservatives in the food industry. Commonly used preservatives in the feed industry include: sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, parabens, sodium diacetate, calcium propionate, sodium lactate, nisin, etc.
- a certain amount of antioxidants are also added to the material to prevent the oxidation of fat in the paste product.
- a clean inner bag will be used in the large container package to isolate the air and prolong the storage time.
- the first purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a fresh-keeping film suitable for the feed industry, especially the paste feed industry.
- a preparation method of anti-corrosion preservative film for feed which comprises the following steps:
- the filter paper material has a quantitative weight of 60-100 g/m 2 , a tensile strength of 1000-1400 N/m, and water filtration.
- the time is 35 to 90 seconds;
- a preservative which contains the following components: 1,2-propanediol with a mass percentage of 60.0 to 90.0%, glycerol with a mass percentage of 0 to 20.0%, and a mass percentage of 2.0 ⁇ 10.0% of sodium dehydroacetate, 1.0 to 6.0% of potassium sorbate, 1.0 to 6.0% of sodium benzoate, 1.0 to 5.0% of butylated hydroxyanisole by mass ether, 1.0-5.0% by mass of dibutyl hydroxytoluene, 0.5-2.0% by mass of anhydrous citric acid, 0.5-2.0% by mass of ethanol, and 0.5-2.0% by mass of ethanol 0.5-2.0% Tween 80;
- the basis weight of the filter paper material as the cling film base material is 80 ⁇ 5 g/m 2 , the tensile strength is 1200 N/m, and the drainage time is 45 to 80 seconds.
- the preservative is prepared from the following components: 1,2-propanediol with a mass percentage of 72%, glycerol with a mass percentage of 12%, and dehydrogenation with a mass percentage of 4% Sodium acetate, 2% potassium sorbate, 2% sodium benzoate, 1.5% butylated hydroxyanisole, 3% dibutyl Hydroxytoluene, 1.5% by mass of anhydrous citric acid, 1% by mass of ethanol, and 1.0% by mass of Tween 80.
- the preservative is prepared from the following components: 1,2-propanediol with a mass percentage of 60%, glycerol with a mass percentage of 20%, and dehydrogenation with a mass percentage of 8% Sodium acetate, 1% potassium sorbate, 1% sodium benzoate, 3% butylated hydroxyanisole, 3% dibutyl Hydroxytoluene, 2% by mass of anhydrous citric acid, 0.5% by mass of ethanol, and 1.5% by mass of Tween 80.
- the preservative is prepared from the following components: 1,2-propanediol with a mass percentage of 47.7%, glycerol with a mass percentage of 35.0%, and dehydrogenation with a mass percentage of 0.5% Sodium acetate, 1.5% potassium sorbate, 2% sodium benzoate, 2.0% sodium diacetate, 1.5% butylated hydroxyanisole Ether, 3.0% by mass dibutylhydroxytoluene, 3.0% by mass ethoxyquin, 1.5% by mass anhydrous citric acid, 0.8% by mass ethyl acetate, Tween 80 with a mass percentage content of 1.5%.
- the preservative is prepared from the following components: 1,2-propanediol with a mass percentage of 45.7%, glycerol with a mass percentage of 35.0%, and dehydrogenation with a mass percentage of 3.0% Sodium acetate, potassium sorbate with a mass percentage of 2.0%, sodium benzoate with a mass percentage of 2.0%, sodium diacetate with a mass percentage of 1.0%, butylated hydroxy anise with a mass percentage of 1.5% Ether, 3.0% by mass dibutylhydroxytoluene, 3.0% by mass ethoxyquin, 1.5% by mass anhydrous citric acid, 0.8% by mass ethyl acetate, Tween 80 with a mass percentage content of 1.5%.
- the preservative in the cold season below 10°C, is preheated before the preservative is fully immersed in the preservative in step (3) to ensure that the preservative is in a liquid state. state.
- the second object of the present invention is to provide a preservative fresh-keeping film for feed.
- the present invention adopts the above preparation method to prepare the preservative fresh-keeping film for feed.
- the third object of the present invention is to provide a fresh-keeping method for paste feed.
- the present invention adopts the following steps:
- Feed buckets can be iron buckets or plastic buckets, generally round, with a capacity of 200-240 liters.
- the size of the preservative plastic wrap for feed is determined by the diameter of the feed bucket. For example, if the diameter of the iron bucket is 55-58cm, the paper plastic wrap is also 55-58cm.
- the paper raw material of the plastic wrap base material should not cause harm to the health of human body and farmed animals, and no toxic and harmful raw materials should be used.
- the raw fiber raw materials such as wood, grass and bamboo should be used, and any recycled materials such as recycled paper and printed matter should not be used. Deinking agent, do not use fluorescent agent.
- the plastic wrap substrate paper is in direct contact with the paste-like material, and is used directly without disinfection or cleaning. Therefore, it is necessary to meet safety standards to ensure the health of animal breeding animals.
- the heavy metal content of the plastic wrap substrate paper should reach the following indicators (see Table 1):
- the microbial indicators of the paper plastic wrap should meet the following requirements (see Table 2):
- the mobile fluorescent whitening agent test for the plastic wrap substrate must be negative.
- the cling film substrate needs to have a certain strength to ensure that the cling film can remain intact during the shelf life, and the paste will shake slightly during transportation, so it is also required that the cling film does not break when the material shakes.
- the paper plastic wrap should have a certain permeability to ensure that the preservative can diffuse at a suitable speed, and the preservative on the surface always maintains an effective concentration. If the permeability is too high, the preservative will quickly diffuse into the material, which will not play an insurance role.
- the strength of paper wrapping film is quantitatively expressed in terms of quantitative and tensile strength. The quantitative is based on "GB/T 451.2 Determination of Quantitative Quantity of Paper and Cardboard", and the tensile strength is based on the national standard "GB/T 12914-2008 Tensile Strength of Paper and Cardboard” Measurement”.
- the fresh-keeping film for paste feed of the present invention has good food safety and good fresh-keeping effect, and has a continuous effect on mold, Escherichia coli, etc., and the composite antioxidant ratio can have the maximum antioxidant effect.
- the preservative is convenient to store and use, has good material stability, low cost and high cost performance.
- This example is a preparation and application example of a preservative fresh-keeping film for feed.
- the preservative is composed of four parts: organic solvent, preservative, antioxidant and auxiliary.
- the solvent of the preservative uses fat-soluble reagents and does not use water-soluble reagents, in order to ensure that the preservative and paste-like materials are kept in layers and reduce the diffusion speed of the preservative.
- Paste products have antiseptic and antioxidant functions. Paste products are packaged in a non-sterile state, especially with a small amount of bacteria that can re-contaminate the air and equipment on the surface of the material.
- Preservatives should also use necessary additives to stabilize, ensure fluidity, ensure the stability of reagents, and ensure that the functions of preservatives and antioxidants continue to function.
- the added preservatives have a continuous inhibitory effect on mold, coliform, etc.
- the preservative has no effect on the smell of the material, ensuring the quality of the product using the preservative.
- the fresh-keeping film of the present invention is suitable for the production and use of feed raw materials, and is suitable for products in the form of paste produced from aquatic raw materials, including squid paste, fish paste, fish paste, and shrimp paste; it is suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis or hydrolysis process.
- the processed animal-derived protein paste products include enzymolysis intestinal membrane protein solution for feed, enzymolysis chicken paste, and peptone; it is suitable for large-capacity packaging of enzymolysis yeast paste products for feed.
- the fresh-keeping film of the present invention is suitable for large-capacity packaging and uses hard materials as outer packaging, including metal buckets and plastic buckets, and is suitable for large-capacity packaging of rigidly packaged paste feed products containing inner film bags. Paste feed ingredients for pets.
- This example is a preparation example of a preservative fresh-keeping film for feed, and a different preservative from Example 1 is used in this example.
- This example is a preparation example of a preservative fresh-keeping film for feed, and a different preservative from Example 1 is used in this example.
- This example is a preparation and application example of a paper preservative fresh-keeping film for feed.
- the preservative is composed of four parts: organic solvent, preservative, antioxidant and auxiliary.
- the solvent of the preservative uses fat-soluble reagents and does not use water-soluble reagents, in order to ensure that the preservative and paste-like materials are kept in layers and reduce the diffusion speed of the preservative.
- Paste products have antiseptic and antioxidant functions. Paste products are packaged in a non-sterile state, especially with a small amount of bacteria that can re-contaminate the air and equipment on the surface of the material.
- Preservatives should also use necessary additives to stabilize, ensure fluidity, ensure the stability of reagents, and ensure that the functions of preservatives and antioxidants continue to function.
- the added preservatives have a continuous inhibitory effect on mold, coliform, etc.
- the compound antioxidant ratio can play the greatest antioxidant effect
- preservative plastic wrap for feed in cold seasons (below 10°C), the preservative may solidify, and the preservative needs to be preheated before use to ensure that it is in a liquid state, and then the plastic wrap substrate is fully soaked until in preservatives;
- the fresh-keeping film of the present invention is suitable for the production and use of feed raw materials, and is suitable for products in the form of paste produced from aquatic raw materials, including squid paste, fish paste, fish paste, and shrimp paste; it is suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis or hydrolysis process.
- the processed animal-derived protein paste products include enzymolysis intestinal membrane protein solution for feed, enzymolysis chicken paste, and peptone; it is suitable for large-capacity packaging of enzymolysis yeast paste products for feed.
- the fresh-keeping film of the present invention is suitable for large-capacity packaging and uses hard materials as outer packaging, including metal buckets and plastic buckets, and is suitable for large-capacity packaging of rigidly packaged paste feed products containing inner film bags. Paste feed ingredients for pets.
- This example is a preparation example of a paper fresh-keeping film for feed, and a different preservative from Example 1 is used in this example.
- This example is a preparation example of a paper fresh-keeping film for feed, and a different preservative from Example 1 is used in this example.
- This example is a comparison test of the water filtration time of different plastic wrap substrates, and tests the difference of different plastic wraps on material preservatives.
- the selection of the plastic wrap base material needs to consider the permeability of the material.
- Materials that do not have permeability at all such as plastic film, are not suitable as an alternative plastic wrap, because the plastic film cannot absorb water and oily reagents, so it cannot be adsorbed. preserver.
- the plastic wrap also cannot be made of materials with too strong filtration performance, such as non-woven fabrics used for tea bags. The performance of rapid filtration and filtration enables the drug to penetrate quickly with the material, which does not delay the diffusion of the preservative.
- a comparative test of the water filtration time of different alternative materials is designed to select materials of suitable materials. According to the detection method disclosed in "GB/T 10340-2008 Determination of Filtration Speed of Paper and Cardboard", the water filtration time of each material was detected and obtained, and the test data obtained are shown in Table 9 below:
- Purified water tap water with conductivity of 3.2 ⁇ 10 7 mS/m ⁇ 4.4 ⁇ 10 7 mS/m or distilled water or deionized water containing 0.02% NaCl, filtered through 0.8um filter membrane or equivalent filter paper, and heated Or vacuum degassed water.
- Fish paste a fish paste sample with good fluidity with moisture content of 50-60%, without sterilization.
- ⁇ means that the surface of the petri dish is normal and has no change
- the plastic wrap substrate with a certain range of penetration effect can prolong the preservation time of fish paste.
- the preservative film substrate that penetrates too fast will cause the preservative to rapidly expand to the inside of the fish paste, so that the concentration of the surface preservative will be diluted, thereby reducing the antibacterial and antiseptic effect.
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Abstract
一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：选取滤纸材料作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状，所述滤纸材料定量为60～100g/m2、抗张强度为1000～1400N/m、滤水时间为35～90秒；制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂主要成分包括丙二醇、丙三醇、脱氢乙酸钠、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、丁基羟基茴香醚、二丁基羟基甲苯、无水柠檬酸、乙醇、乙氧基喹啉、乙酸乙酯及吐温80；将保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到保鲜剂内，使基材两面均吸满保鲜剂。还涉及由上述方法制得的保鲜膜，以及使用该保鲜膜为膏状饲料进行防腐保鲜的方法。该保鲜膜对霉菌、大肠杆菌等具有持续的抗菌作用。
Description
本发明涉及饲料保鲜技术领域，尤其涉及膏状饲料的保鲜技术。
鱼膏、虾膏、鱼溶浆、鱿鱼膏是一类水产单一饲料原料，主是以海鱼、海虾或鱼虾的内脏副产物作为原料，经过高温蒸煮或者酶解，脱水浓缩获得膏状物。膏状饲料一般情况下，其水分含量在35％～60％范围内，蛋白含量在20％～45％范围内，脂肪含量在5％～25％范围内，使用酶解工艺的产品其小肽含量会达到15％～35％范围，一些酶解充分的产品其游离氨基酸含量甚至可以高达5％，蛋白消化率可以高达80％～95％，因此，营养价值非常高。
由于膏状产品的营养物质丰富，其加工过程的灭菌、成品的防腐保存就是一件重要的事情，否则物料会在极短时间内腐败变质。(装在铁桶内的膏状产品如果灭菌防腐措施不佳则最快5天就能腐败变质)
目前饲料用的膏状产品主要通过以下措施进行灭菌和防腐处理：
1.物料内添加大比例的氯化钠以提高渗透压，为了确保不发生腐败变质，氯化钠含量往往会添加15～30％的比例。
2.生产工序中利用浓缩过程进行热力灭菌，因为浓缩需要一定的时间也需要一定的温度(一般在60-90℃)。中国专利CN101278703A《一种用鱿鱼内脏制备水产饲料诱食剂的生产方法》公开的鱿鱼膏制备工艺中提到了其使用低温真空浓缩设备进行物料的浓缩，其公开的温度范围为60-65℃80-90℃，处理的时间为3-4小时，这个条件可以起到一定程度的热力灭菌的效果。中国专利CN103876196A《一种鱿鱼膏的制备方法》公开的另一种鱿鱼膏制备工艺中提到了制成成品前会使用高温高压(121℃、0.5MPA加压1--2.5小时)处理物料，同样的也起到了热力灭菌的效果。
3.物料内添加一定含量的防腐剂，将不同种类不同效果的防腐剂单独或者组合使用是一般的常规方法。食品工业中的防腐剂种类繁多，饲料工业中常用的防腐包括：山梨酸、苯甲酸、脱氢乙酸、对羟基苯甲酸酯、双乙酸钠、丙酸钙、乳酸钠、乳酸链球菌素等。物料中也会添加一定含量的抗氧化剂以阻止膏状产品中脂肪的氧化。
4.大容器包装内会使用洁净的内袋，用于隔绝空气，延长保存时间。
上述几种灭菌及防腐措施往往是组合使用，以提高防腐效率和降低成本，但是研究发现上述措施目前具有显著的缺陷，从而导致实际应用中大容量包装的鱿鱼膏、鱼 膏等产品仍然会短时间内发生腐败变质，常常在3-6个月发生腐败，不能达到12个月以上的防腐保质要求。经过分析，上述传统防腐措施的问题如下：
1.高含量的盐含量虽然能阻止微生物繁殖阻止物料腐败变质，但饲料中盐含量过高会对养殖动物健康产生危害，因此需要限量使用高盐原料，这导致膏状产品的用量受限。
2.生产过程的热力灭菌不充分，已公开资料中饲料用的膏状产品(鱿鱼膏、鱼膏、虾膏等)考虑生产成本的原因未使用单独的灭菌设备来对物料进行充分灭菌，而是利用其他设备的温度作短暂的热力灭菌，这会导致物料不能充分灭菌，从而加大了成品腐败的风险。
3.从已公开资料查询发现目前饲料用的鱿鱼膏、鱼膏、虾膏等产品考虑生产成本因素并未使用无菌包装和真空包装，因此，不管是否使用了塑料内膜袋，包装过程中，物料表面仍会接触环境空气，仍有染菌的风险，这也是目前膏状产品常常是从表面开始腐败霉变的主要原因。
4.由于生产过程中灭菌不充分，部分不负责任的生产企业会通过超量添加防腐剂方法来阻止物料腐败，这种方法不仅会危害养殖动物健康，还会通过食物链累计毒素至人类，研究发现超量的防腐剂只会阻止内部物料的腐败，仍阻止不了物料表面的轻微腐败。
5.研究发现现有未单独使用灭菌工艺的膏状产品的保质期大都较短，3～6个月80％的物料会发生腐败变质的情况，绝大部分物料无法达到12个月的保质期保存完好不发生腐败的要求。并且研究发现主要是从物料表面开始发生腐败霉变，从表面生长有有害菌的菌斑，整个过程是从表面扩散至内部。抽样调查现有中国、越南、泰国、美国等地的鱿鱼膏、虾膏、鱼溶浆等产品90％的比例存在上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于弥补现有技术的不足，提供一种适用于饲料行业，尤其是膏状饲料行业使用的保鲜膜。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
(1)选取滤纸材料作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状，所述滤纸材料定量为60～100g/m
2、抗张强度为1000～1400N/m、滤水时间为35～90秒；
(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂含有以下组份：质量百分含量为60.0～90.0％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为0～20.0％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为2.0～10.0％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0～6.0％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为1.0～6.0％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0～5.0％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为1.0～5.0％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的乙醇、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的吐温80；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
作为优选方式，作为保鲜膜基材的滤纸材料的定量为80±5g/m
2、抗张强度为1200N/m、滤水时间为45～80秒。
作为优选方式，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为72％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为12％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为4％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为2％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为2％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为1.5％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为1％的乙醇、质量百分含量为1.0％的吐温80。
作为优选方式，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为60％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为20％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为8％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为1％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为3％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为2％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.5％的乙醇、质量百分含量为1.5％的吐温80。
作为优选方式，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为47.7％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为35.0％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为0.5％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为2％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为2.0％的双乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3.0％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为3.0％的乙氧基喹啉、质量百分含量为1.5％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.8％的乙酸乙酯、质量百分含量为1.5％的吐温80。
作为优选方式，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为45.7％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为35.0％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为3.0％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为2.0％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为2.0％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0％的双乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3.0％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为3.0％的乙氧基喹啉、质量百分含量为1.5％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.8％的乙酸乙酯、质量百分含量为1.5％的吐温80。
进一步地，在某些优选配方中，在10℃以下的寒冷季节，在步骤(3)保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内之前先将保鲜剂进行预加热，以确保保鲜剂处于液体状态。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了以上制备方法，制得了饲料用防腐保鲜膜。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种膏状饲料的保鲜方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了以下步骤：
(1)制得饲料用防腐保鲜膜；
(2)在敞口饲料桶内套入内膜袋，内膜袋内装入膏状饲料；
(3)将所述饲料用防腐保鲜膜覆盖于膏状饲料表面，确认饲料被完全覆盖；
(4)将内膜袋排出空气、扎紧袋口，并盖上饲料桶桶盖，完成包装。
饲料桶可以是铁桶或塑料桶，一般为圆形，容量为200～240升。饲料用防腐保鲜膜的尺寸由饲料桶的直径而定，如铁桶直径为55～58cm，则纸质保鲜膜也为55～58cm。
保鲜膜基材的纸张原材料不应对人体和养殖动物健康产生危害，不能使用有毒有害原料，应使用木材、草类、竹子等原生纤维原料，不得使用任何回收纸、印刷品等回收类原料，不得使用脱墨剂，不得使用荧光剂。
保鲜膜基材纸张与膏状物料直接接触，且不经过消毒或清洗直接使用，因此，需要满足安全标准，以确保动物养殖动物健康。
保鲜膜基材纸张的重金属含量应达到以下指标(见表1)：
表1
| 项目 | 单位 | 指标 |
| 铅 | mg/kg | ≤10 |
| 砷 | mg/kg | ≤2 |
| 镉 | mg/kg | ≤5 |
| 汞 | mg/kg | ≤1 |
纸质保鲜膜的微生物指标应达到以下要求(见表2)：
表2
| 项目 | 单位 | 指标 |
| 菌落总数 | 个/cm 2 | ≤1 |
| 大肠杆菌 | 无 | 不得检出 |
| 致病菌 | 无 | 不得检出 |
| 霉菌 | 无 | 不得检出 |
保鲜膜基材的可迁移性荧光增白剂检测需为阴性。
保鲜膜基材需要具有一定的强度，确保在保质期内保鲜膜能保持完整，膏状物在运输过程中会轻微晃动，因此也要求保鲜膜在物料晃动时不发生破裂。纸质保鲜膜应具有一定的通透性，以确保保鲜剂能以合适的速度进行扩散，表面的保鲜剂始终保持有效浓度。通透性过高则会导致保鲜剂快速扩散至物料内部，从而起不到保险作用。纸质保鲜膜的强度以定量、抗张强度进行数量化表示，定量按《GB/T 451.2纸和纸板定量的测定》，抗张强度依据国标《GB/T 12914-2008纸和纸板抗张强度测定》。
本发明的膏状饲料用保鲜膜食品安全性好、保鲜效果好，对霉菌、大肠杆菌等均具有持续的作用，复合的抗氧化剂配比可起到最大的抗氧化效果。保鲜剂的储存和使用方便，物料稳定性好，成本低廉、性价比高。
实施例1
本例为一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜的制备及其应用例。
(1)选取定性滤纸作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状；
(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成(见表3)：
表3
先将1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇混合，持续搅拌。将防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂依次逐个加入有机溶剂内，边搅拌边添加。全部添加后，持续搅拌，确认试剂全部溶解无沉淀。将混合好的保鲜剂装入桶内保存待用。
(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
保鲜剂由有机溶剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂四部分组成。
保鲜剂的溶剂使用脂溶性的试剂，不使用水溶性试剂，目的是确保保鲜剂和膏状物料保持分层，降低保鲜剂扩散速度。
保鲜剂具有防腐和抗氧化的功能。膏状产品在包装时处于非无菌状态，尤其是物料表面会再次沾染空气和设备的少量细菌。
膏状产品包装时一般没有使用抽真空装置，或者抽真空装置仍有少量空气残留，因此，保鲜剂具有抗氧化剂的功能也是必须的。
保鲜剂也应使用必要的助剂来起到稳定、确保流动性、确保试剂稳定、确保防腐剂与抗氧化剂的功能持续发挥。
本发明的保鲜剂具有如下特点：
1.选用安全无毒的有机试剂，确保保鲜剂的安全使用。
2.不添加乙氧基喹啉，符合各个国家对于乙氧基喹啉的限量使用要求。
3.添加的防腐剂对霉菌、大肠菌群等具有持续抑制作用。
4.保鲜剂对物料气味没有影响，确保使用了保鲜剂的产品的品质。
5.储存方便，保鲜剂低温下不易凝固，可以直接使用，适合北部地区冬季温度较低的地区使用。
当要使用保鲜膜进行膏状饲料的保鲜时，采用以下步骤：
(1)制得饲料用防腐保鲜膜；
(2)在敞口饲料桶内套入内膜袋，内膜袋内装入膏状饲料；
(3)将所述饲料用防腐保鲜膜覆盖于膏状饲料表面，确认饲料被完全覆盖；
(4)将内膜袋排出空气、扎紧袋口，并盖上饲料桶桶盖，完成包装。在产品标签上注明已使用保鲜膜，注明在使用膏状产品时需要将保鲜膜去除。
本发明的保鲜膜适用于饲料原料的生产使用，适用于以水产原料生产的以膏状形式存在的产品，包括鱿鱼膏、鱼膏、鱼溶浆、虾膏；适用于以酶解或水解工艺处理的动物源性蛋白的膏状物产品，包括饲料用的酶解肠膜蛋白液，酶解鸡肉膏，蛋白胨；适用于饲料用的酶解酵母的膏状产品的大容量包装使用。本发明的保鲜膜适用于大容量包装且使用硬质材料作为外包装，包括金属桶、塑料桶，适用于大容量包装的含有内膜袋的硬质包装的膏状饲料产品。适用于宠物用的膏状饲料原料。
实施例2
本例为一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜的制备例，本例采用了与实施例1不同的保鲜剂。
(1)选取定性滤纸作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状；
(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成(见表4)：
表4
先将1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇混合，持续搅拌。将防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂依次逐个加入有机溶剂内，边搅拌边添加。全部添加后，持续搅拌，确认试剂全部溶解无沉淀。将混合好的保鲜剂装入桶内保存待用。
(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
实施例3
本例为一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜的制备例，本例采用了与实施例1不同的保鲜剂。
(1)选取定性滤纸作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状；
(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成(见表5)：
表5
先将1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇混合，持续搅拌。将防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂依次逐个加入有机溶剂内，边搅拌边添加。全部添加后，持续搅拌，确认试剂全部溶解无沉淀。将混合好的保鲜剂装入桶内保存待用。
(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
实施例4
本例为一种饲料用纸质防腐保鲜膜的制备及其应用例。
(1)选取定性滤纸作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状；
(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成(见表6)：
表6
先将1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇混合，持续搅拌。将防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂依次逐个加入有机溶剂内，边搅拌边添加。全部添加后，持续搅拌，确认试剂全部溶解无沉淀。将混合好的保鲜剂装入桶内保存待用。
(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
保鲜剂由有机溶剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂四部分组成。
保鲜剂的溶剂使用脂溶性的试剂，不使用水溶性试剂，目的是确保保鲜剂和膏状物料保持分层，减少保鲜剂扩散速度。
保鲜剂具有防腐和抗氧化的功能。膏状产品在包装时处于非无菌状态，尤其是物料表面会再次沾染空气和设备的少量细菌。
膏状产品包装时一般没有使用抽真空装置，或者抽真空装置仍有少量空气残留，因此，保鲜剂具有抗氧化剂的功能也是必须的。
保鲜剂也应使用必要的助剂来起到稳定、确保流动性、确保试剂稳定、确保防腐剂与抗氧化剂的功能持续发挥。
本发明的保鲜剂具有如下特点：
1.选用安全无毒的有机试剂，确保保鲜剂的安全使用；
2.添加的防腐剂对霉菌、大肠菌群等具有持续抑制作用。复合的抗氧化剂配比可起到最大的抗氧化作用；
3.储存和使用方便，物料稳定性好；
4.成本低廉性价比高。
当要使用保鲜膜进行膏状饲料的保鲜时，采用以下步骤：
(1)制得饲料用防腐保鲜膜；在寒冷季节(10℃以下)保鲜剂可能会凝固，使用前需要将保鲜剂进行预加热，以确保处于液体状态，再将保鲜膜基材充分浸泡至保鲜剂内；
(2)在敞口饲料桶内套入内膜袋，内膜袋内装入膏状饲料；
(3)将所述饲料用防腐保鲜膜覆盖于膏状饲料表面，确认饲料被完全覆盖；
(4)将内膜袋排出空气、扎紧袋口，并盖上饲料桶桶盖，完成包装。在产品标签上注明已使用保鲜膜，注明在使用膏状产品时需要将保鲜膜去除。
本发明的保鲜膜适用于饲料原料的生产使用，适用于以水产原料生产的以膏状形式存在的产品，包括鱿鱼膏、鱼膏、鱼溶浆、虾膏；适用于以酶解或水解工艺处理的动物源性蛋白的膏状物产品，包括饲料用的酶解肠膜蛋白液，酶解鸡肉膏，蛋白胨；适用于饲料用的酶解酵母的膏状产品的大容量包装使用。本发明的保鲜膜适用于大容量包装且使用硬质材料作为外包装，包括金属桶、塑料桶，适用于大容量包装的含有内膜袋的硬质包装的膏状饲料产品。适用于宠物用的膏状饲料原料。
实施例5
本例为一种饲料用纸质保鲜膜的制备例，本例采用了与实施例1不同的保鲜剂。
(1)选取定性滤纸作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状；
(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成(见表7)：
表7
先将1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇混合，持续搅拌。将防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂依次逐个加入有机溶剂内，边搅拌边添加。全部添加后，持续搅拌，确认试剂全部溶解无沉淀。将混合好的保鲜剂装入桶内保存待用。
(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
实施例6
本例为一种饲料用纸质保鲜膜的制备例，本例采用了与实施例1不同的保鲜剂。
(1)选取定性滤纸作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状；
(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成(见表8)：
表8
先将1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇混合，持续搅拌。将防腐剂、抗氧化剂、助剂依次逐个加入有机溶剂内，边搅拌边添加。全部添加后，持续搅拌，确认试剂全部溶解无沉淀。将混合好的保鲜剂装入桶内保存待用。
(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
实施例7
本例为不同保鲜膜基材的滤水时间对比试验，并测试不同保鲜膜对于物料防腐的差异。
保鲜膜基材的选取需要考虑材料的渗透能力，完全不具有渗透能力的材料，比如塑料薄膜就不适合作为备选的保鲜膜，因为塑料薄膜无法吸附水剂和油性试剂，因此也就不能吸附保鲜剂。保鲜膜也不能选取过滤性能太强的材料，比如用于茶叶包滤包无纺布，快速渗透过滤的性能使得药剂可以和物料快速渗透，起不到延缓保鲜剂扩散的作用。
本例试验设计了不同备选材质滤水时间的对比试验用以选择合适材质的物料。依据《GB/T 10340-2008纸和纸板过滤速度的测定》公开的检测方法检测检测每个材料滤水时间，获得试验数据如下表9所示：
表9
| 序号 | 名称 | 参数 | 滤水时间(s) |
| 1 | PE保鲜膜 | 厚度20um | / |
| 2 | 牛皮纸 | 厚度80um | ＞400 |
| 3 | 淋膜纸 | 厚度40um | ＞350 |
| 4 | 打印纸 | 厚度40um | ＞70～150 |
| 5 | 滤纸 | 定量84g/m 2 | ＞35～80 |
| 6 | 滤纸 | 定量60g/m 2 | ＜35 |
| 7 | 海绵 | 厚度4mm | ＜5 |
| 8 | 无纺布 | 厚度80um | ＜3 |
试验试剂
净化水：电导率为3.2×10
7mS/m～4.4×10
7mS/m的自来水或含0.02％NaCl的蒸馏水或去离子水，经0.8um滤膜或与之相当的滤纸过滤，并加热或抽真空脱气后的水。
鱼膏：水分50～60％具有良好流动性的鱼膏样品，未经灭菌。
试验步骤
1准备培养皿，将鱼膏倒入培养皿内，每个试验组3个重复。
2将表4中的各序号材料裁剪成圆形，直径以正好覆盖培养皿物料为宜。
3将各序号材料浸泡实施例1制得的保鲜剂后覆盖到培养皿内鱼膏表面。
4将培养皿放入培养箱内，以28±1℃进行持续培养观察6个月，查看培养皿表面腐败情况。
5培养过程中，每隔5天在培养皿表面喷洒一次未灭菌的自来水，以增加染菌风险。
试验结果如下表10所示：
表10
○代表培养皿表面正常无变化
◎代表培养皿表面轻微腐败并有少量腐败霉菌或者菌斑
●代表培养皿表面物料腐败严重
从试验结果可以看出，具有一定范围渗透效果的保鲜膜基材可以延长鱼膏的保存时间。渗透过快的保鲜膜基材会导致保鲜剂快速扩至鱼膏内部，使得表面保鲜剂的浓度被稀释，从而抑菌防腐效果下降。渗透效果较差的保鲜膜基材抑菌效果差的原因主要有两个，一是渗透效果差的保鲜膜基材吸附保鲜剂的量不足，二是保鲜剂只停留于表面，使得保鲜剂难以以合适的低速率往鱼膏内部扩散，从而导致鱼膏在长时间保存时仍然发生腐败变质。
综合表9及表10可知，滤纸同时具有较好的防腐效果，滤水时间又达到较理想的范围。
Claims (9)
- 一种饲料用防腐保鲜膜的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：(1)选取滤纸材料作为保鲜膜基材，并剪切成饲料桶桶口形状相符的形状，所述滤纸材料定量为60～100g/m 2、抗张强度为1000～1400N/m、滤水时间为35～90秒；(2)制备保鲜剂，保鲜剂由以下组份配方A或配方B组成，所述配方A含有：质量百分含量为60.0～90.0％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为1.0～20.0％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为2.0～10.0％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0～6.0％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为1.0～6.0％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0～5.0％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为1.0～5.0％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的乙醇、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的吐温80；所述配方B含有：质量百分含量为40.0～70.0％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为10.0～50.0％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为0.5～10.0％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0～6.0％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为1.0～6.0％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0～6.0％的双乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0～5.0％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为1.0～5.0％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为1.0～5.0％的乙氧基喹啉、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的乙酸乙酯、质量百分含量为0.5～2.0％的吐温80；(3)将步骤(1)制得的保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内，确认保鲜膜基材两面均吸附满保鲜剂。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：作为保鲜膜基材的滤纸材料的定量为80±5g/m 2、抗张强度为1200N/m、滤水时间为45～80秒。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为72％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为12％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为4％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为2％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为2％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为1.5％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为1％的乙醇、质量百分含量为1.0％的吐温80。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为60％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为20％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为8％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为1％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为3％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为2％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.5％的乙醇、质量百分含量为1.5％的吐温80。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为47.7％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为35.0％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为0.5％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为2％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为2.0％的双乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3.0％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为3.0％的乙氧基喹啉、质量百分含量为1.5％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.8％的乙酸乙酯、质量百分含量为1.5％的吐温80。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：保鲜剂由以下组份配制而成：质量百分含量为45.7％的1，2-丙二醇、质量百分含量为35.0％的丙三醇、质量百分含量为3.0％的脱氢乙酸钠、质量百分含量为2.0％的山梨酸钾、质量百分含量为2.0％的苯甲酸钠、质量百分含量为1.0％的双乙酸钠、质量百分含量为1.5％的丁基羟基茴香醚、质量百分含量为3.0％的二丁基羟基甲苯、质量百分含量为3.0％的乙氧基喹啉、质量百分含量为1.5％的无水柠檬酸、质量百分含量为0.8％的乙酸乙酯、质量百分含量为1.5％的吐温80。
- 根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于：在10℃以下的寒冷季节，在步骤(3)保鲜膜基材充分浸泡到所述保鲜剂内之前先将保鲜剂进行预加热，以确保保鲜剂处于液体状态。
- 由权利要求1～7任一所述的制备方法所制得的饲料用防腐保鲜膜。
- 一种膏状饲料防腐保鲜方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：(1)制得如权利要求8所述的饲料用防腐保鲜膜；(2)在敞口饲料桶内套入内膜袋，内膜袋内装入膏状饲料；(3)将所述饲料用防腐保鲜膜覆盖于膏状饲料表面，确认饲料被完全覆盖；(4)将内膜袋排出空气、扎紧袋口，并盖上饲料桶桶盖，完成包装。
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