CN106631686A - 一种β‑苯乙醇的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种β‑苯乙醇的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106631686A CN106631686A CN201610974005.3A CN201610974005A CN106631686A CN 106631686 A CN106631686 A CN 106631686A CN 201610974005 A CN201610974005 A CN 201610974005A CN 106631686 A CN106631686 A CN 106631686A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- preparation
- phenethyl alcohol
- bata
- chlorobenzene
- grignard reagent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 11
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 6
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PEZDGNIESNXEDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;oxirane Chemical compound C1CO1.C1=CC=CC=C1 PEZDGNIESNXEDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenethylamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- SZIFAVKTNFCBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethanol Chemical compound OCCCl SZIFAVKTNFCBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNNZINNZIQVULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethylbenzene Chemical compound ClCCC1=CC=CC=C1 MNNZINNZIQVULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 240000005705 Rosa blanda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011603 Rosa blanda var. blanda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011602 Rosa blanda var. glabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011600 Rosa blanda var. glandulosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 di- benzyl Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940117803 phenethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F3/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
- C07F3/02—Magnesium compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体为一种β‑苯乙醇的制备方法。本发明首先以氯苯为原料,在溶剂存在下与镁生成格式试剂,再将格式试剂与环氧乙烷反应得到β‑苯乙醇。本发明的有益效果在于:路线收率高,成本低,绿色环保,是一条可行化的工业路线。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,涉及一种β-苯乙醇的制备方法。
背景技术
β-苯乙醇,又名2-苯乙醇,分子式为:C8H10O,其分子结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
β-苯乙醇是芳香族中重要中最重要香料品种之一,具有淡雅、细腻的玫瑰香味,其香气轻柔甜和,主要用于玫瑰、焦糖、蜂蜜和其它果香型食品香精及各种酒用香精和烟用香精的配制,也是玫瑰和其它植物风味中不可缺少的物质,对碱的稳定使得它能专门地用于肥皂等香料中。目前生物提取法远远不能满足需求,主要通过合成的方法得到β-苯乙醇,主要的合成路线为苯-环氧乙烷法右,苯乙烯氧化法,和甲苯法。具体路线如下:
(1)苯-环氧乙烷法
苯-环氧乙烷法利用“Friedel-Crafts”反应合成β-苯乙醇,苯和环氧乙烷在路易斯酸作用下发生反应,然后经水解就能得到β-苯乙醇。该法投资小,设备要求低,但副反应多,选择性差,产生的联二苄、2-氯代乙苯、2-氯乙醇等杂质影响苯乙醇的香气,且生产大量的含苯的酸性废水,收率一般在40-65%。(文献:《精细石油化工》1991(5)p17-20;CN1465557;US 2125490;US2483323)
(2)苯乙烯氧化法
苯乙烯氧化生产苯基环氧乙烷,再经催化加氢就可以便得到β-苯乙醇,这种工艺对催化剂和助剂的选择套用难,且设备投资大。
(3)甲苯法
先由甲苯进行侧链氯化,将生成的氯化苄进行氰解,转变成氰化苄,再经还原转变成苯乙胺.最后转变成苯乙醇.此工艺在制备过程中使用了氰化钾,毒性大,反应步骤多,工艺也比较复杂,不宜用于较大规模的生产。
发明内容:
针对现有技术中的上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种β-苯乙醇的制备方法,该制备方法能解决现有技术中工艺复杂,副产品多,三废大,投资多的技术问题。
本发明的技术方案具体介绍如下。
一种β-苯乙醇的制备方法,其反应方程式如下:
具体步骤如下:
1)以氯苯为原料,在引发剂作用下,在溶剂中和镁屑反应制备格式试剂;
2)格式试剂与环氧乙烷反应,得到β-苯乙醇,加入水,分层,浓缩有机层,精馏得到β-苯乙醇。
本发明中,步骤1)中,溶剂为选自乙醚、异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃中任一种。
本发明中,步骤1)中,所述的引发剂为碘或二溴乙烷。
本发明中,环氧乙烷与氯苯的摩尔比为1:1~1:1.2。
本发明中,步骤2)中,反应温度为-5~10℃。
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明采用氯苯为原料合成β-苯乙醇,本发明选择的反应路线比较简单,不发生偶联等副反应(偶联的杂质只有1-2%),收率高,反应过程中三废较少,合成的产品的质量纯度好,香气比较纯正。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,以下通过实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但这些实施例并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
在带有回流冷凝管、干燥管、温度计的1000ml三口瓶,加入432g的甲基叔丁基醚,48.6g镁,加一粒碘,加热至回流,滴加氯苯10g引发反应,引发后,再滴加215g的氯苯回流至反应结束,冷却至0℃,缓慢滴加88g的环氧乙烷,滴完后保温2h,将反应液加水洗涤,分出有机相,并将有机层浓缩,得β-苯乙醇粗品,精馏得无色油状带玫瑰香气的β-苯乙醇211.1克,含量99.9%。(收率86.6%)。El-MS m/z:122,104,91,78,65,51。
实施例2
在带有回流冷凝管、干燥管、温度计的1000ml三口瓶,加入432g的乙醚,48.6g镁,加几滴二溴乙烷,加热至回流,滴加氯苯10g引发反应,引发后,再滴加215g的氯苯回流至反应结束,冷却至-5℃,缓慢滴加96.8g的环氧乙烷,滴完后保温3h,将反应液加水洗涤,分出有机相,并将有机层浓缩,得β-苯乙醇粗品,精馏得无色油状带玫瑰香气的β-苯乙醇205.9克,含量99.9%。(收率84.5%)。
实施例3
在带有回流冷凝管、干燥管、温度计的1000ml三口瓶,加入432g的甲基叔丁基醚,48.6g镁,加对应的格式试剂少量,加热至回流,滴加225g的氯苯回流至反应结束,冷却至10℃,缓慢滴加105.6g的环氧乙烷,滴完后保温1h,将反应液加水洗涤,分出有机相,并将有机层浓缩,得β-苯乙醇粗品,精馏得无色油状带玫瑰香气的β-苯乙醇219.5克,含量99.9%。(收率90.1%)。
实施例4
在带有回流冷凝管、干燥管、温度计的1000ml三口瓶,加入432g的四氢呋喃,48.6g镁,加对应的格式试剂少量,加热至回流,滴加225g的氯苯回流至反应结束,冷却至10℃,缓慢滴加105.6g的环氧乙烷,滴完后保温1h,将四氢呋喃蒸出,反应液加水洗涤,加入有机溶液搅拌,分出有机相,并将有机层浓缩,得β-苯乙醇粗品,精馏得无色油状带玫瑰香气的β-苯乙醇219.2克,含量99.9%。(收率90.0%)。
Claims (5)
1.一种β-苯乙醇的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
1)以氯苯为原料,在引发剂作用下,在溶剂中和镁屑反应,得到格式试剂;
2)格式试剂与环氧乙烷反应,得到β-苯乙醇,加入水,分层,浓缩有机层,精馏得到β-苯乙醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,溶剂选自乙醚、异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃中任一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,引发剂为碘或二溴乙烷或自引发。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:环氧乙烷与氯苯的摩尔比为1:1~1:1.2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,反应温度为-5~10℃。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610974005.3A CN106631686A (zh) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | 一种β‑苯乙醇的制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610974005.3A CN106631686A (zh) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | 一种β‑苯乙醇的制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106631686A true CN106631686A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
Family
ID=58820844
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610974005.3A Pending CN106631686A (zh) | 2016-11-07 | 2016-11-07 | 一种β‑苯乙醇的制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106631686A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107814687A (zh) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-20 | 湖北朗昕生化药业有限公司 | 一种对氯苯乙醇的合成方法 |
CN110642671A (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-01-03 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种连续制备格氏试剂合成苯乙醇的系统和方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101698633A (zh) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-04-28 | 江苏工业学院 | 格氏反应制备三氟甲基苯乙醇的方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-11-07 CN CN201610974005.3A patent/CN106631686A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101698633A (zh) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-04-28 | 江苏工业学院 | 格氏反应制备三氟甲基苯乙醇的方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107814687A (zh) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-20 | 湖北朗昕生化药业有限公司 | 一种对氯苯乙醇的合成方法 |
CN110642671A (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-01-03 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种连续制备格氏试剂合成苯乙醇的系统和方法 |
CN110642671B (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-08-23 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种连续制备格氏试剂合成苯乙醇的系统和方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104370755A (zh) | 一种光学活性的3-氨基丁醇和3-氨基丁酸的制备方法 | |
CN104230667B (zh) | R-3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙醇的制备 | |
CN106631686A (zh) | 一种β‑苯乙醇的制备方法 | |
CN104447234A (zh) | (3r,4r)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)-3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)-二氢呋喃的制备方法 | |
CN106631732B (zh) | 一种4-羟基-2-丁酮的合成方法 | |
CN108409699A (zh) | 一种2-烷基取代色满酮化合物的合成方法 | |
Bellomo et al. | Allylation of cyclohexanones in aqueous media and influence of facial amphiphilic fructopyranosides | |
CN113717132B (zh) | 一种抗癫痫药物的关键中间体及其制备方法 | |
KR20160063124A (ko) | 불포화 알콜 제조방법 | |
Ikeuchi et al. | Model Synthetic Study of Tutin, a Picrotoxane-Type Sesquiterpene: Stereoselective Construction of a cis-Fused 5, 6-Ring Skeleton | |
CN107641080A (zh) | 一种含螺环结构的二氢萘酮类衍生物及其制备方法 | |
CN101434513B (zh) | 一种1-溴代萘的制备方法 | |
CN111087417A (zh) | 含有C-Si键的甲基二苯基硅烷类化合物的合成方法 | |
CN109180515B (zh) | 一种n-[2-羟基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙基]肉桂酰胺的合成方法 | |
CN109384641B (zh) | 1,2-邻二醇类化合物的合成方法 | |
CN106631718A (zh) | 一种不对称共轭二炔的合成方法 | |
CN106083624B (zh) | 3-氨基-3-苯基丙酸酯的一锅法合成工艺 | |
CN102558123A (zh) | 顺式1,4-丁烯二醇的吡喃基单保护产物的合成工艺 | |
CN107118189A (zh) | 一种前列腺素合成中间体的制备方法 | |
CN107188786B (zh) | 一种医药中间体光学纯环戊烯醇的制备方法 | |
CN104056663B (zh) | 一种面手性双反应中心钌催化剂及其合成与应用 | |
CN103183592A (zh) | 2-氯-1,1,1-三烷氧基乙烷的制备方法 | |
CN113200891B (zh) | 一种顺式n-苯乙烯基酰胺衍生物的制备方法 | |
CN101519683B (zh) | 一种手性芳香醇类化合物的拆分纯化方法及其部分中间产物和最终产物 | |
CN101012160A (zh) | 一种制备6,10-二甲基-3,9-十一碳二烯-2-酮的方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170510 |