CN106614186A - Indoor small water body cultivating method for South American white shrimps at temporary cultivation stage for thickening - Google Patents
Indoor small water body cultivating method for South American white shrimps at temporary cultivation stage for thickening Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an indoor small water body cultivating method for South American white shrimps at temporary cultivation stage for thickening. The method comprises following steps: S1. disinfecting a container and water body, wherein the water carrying capacity of the container is 0.1 to 0.5 ton; S2. selecting healthy shrimp seeds; S3. temporary cultivating for thickening: the cultivating period is 20 to 30 days, water is not changed at the first eight days during cultivation, and EM bacterium is spread in the container every other day, after the first eight days, water is changed every day and EM bacterium is spread after water changing; shading treatment is carried out at the first eight days and cultivation under natural light is carried out after the first eight days; during the cultivation process, feeding for 12 times at schedule time is carried out daily and the intervals of 90 to 120 minutes are between each feeding; 3 to 5 days before the end of the temporary cultivating for thickening, vitamin C solution is spread daily for strengthened treatment for the shrimp seeds. The survival rate of shrimp seeds obtained by the temporary cultivating method for thickening is high and the growth is fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture technical field, in particular it relates to little in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark
Aquifer cultivation method.
Background technology
Last century late nineteen eighties, Penaeus Vannmei is introduced into China, and because growth is fast, premunition is deep by force to be received to support shrimp person
Welcome, be currently the important seawater of China and brackish culture shrimps, cultivation scope popularizes the whole nation and is mainly distributed on southern edge
Haiti area, due to its fast growth, feed efficiency is high and economic benefit becomes the main Jing of wide farmers increasing both production and income greatly
Ji source, with wide market prospects.All shrimps will experience the abnormal stage in early growth period just can be cultivated, for
To be directly not with the mode that pond culture is directly docked from the abnormal process into young shrimp of embryonated egg for current cultivation situation
Feasible, because young shrimp is now directly placed into nature pond environment and is supported by shrimp seedling also in the very small and weak stage in young shrimp
Growing will cause great shrimp seedling to be lost, and cultivation survival rate is reduced, and aquaculture cost rises high, therefore it is thick to connect the mark in two stages
Phase is just extremely important.
Marking the problem of thick stage presence at present includes：One is that disease is serious, and at present entirety cultivation water environment is continuous severe
The thick stage shrimp seedling of mark is caused to be easy to be affected by disease, especially harm of the vibrios in seawater to shrimp seedling is maximum；Two is water
Matter is difficult to adjust, and the thick cultivation density of current mark is very big, typically can reach 30,000 tails water body per ton, and many plants whole
Culture-cycle does not carry out changing water so that water quality is easy to because feeding for bait inaccurate causes the bad water such as ammonia nitrogen nitrous acid
Prime factor it is exceeded, cause mark shrimp seedling survival rate it is low.On the other hand, the thick stage shrimp seedling speed of growth is marked slow.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcoming in prior art, prawn mark thick stage survival rate in South America is low, the speed of growth is slow
Problem, there is provided small size pond cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is to be achieved by following technical solution：
Efficiently in small water body cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, comprises the following steps：
S1. container and water body disinfection, the water carrying capacity of container used is 0.1～0.5 ton；
S2. the disease-free shrimp seedling of health is chosen；
S3. mark extensive cultivation to grow：Culture-cycle is 20～30 days, and front 8 days feeding process do not change water, every other day splash in container
EM bacterium, carry out daily changing water after 8 days, change after water EM bacterium of splashing；Carry out within first 8 days after part shading treatment, 8 days in natural light
Lower cultivation；In breeding process, daily fixed point carries out 12 times and feeds, and interval is fed every time 90～120 minutes；End is grown in mark extensive cultivation
Front 3～5 days, vitamin c solution of splashing daily carries out intensive treatment to shrimp seedling.
Adopt water carrying capacity and carry out for 0.1～0.5 ton of small size pond the mark of Penaeus Vannmei thick, reduce close by reducing water body
Degree can greatly improve the survival rate in young shrimp mark thick stage, reduce the probability of morbidity, reduce because disease cause it is extensive large quantities of
The dead risk of the young shrimp of amount.Simultaneously small size pond cultivates the amount for feeding more easy to control, it is not easy to feeds intake excessive or very few causes water body
Pollution, is conducive to improving efficiency of feed utilization, reduces ammonia nitrogen discharge, reduces environmental pollution.At first 8 days raised, due to young shrimp also
Very fragile feeding environment can not have too big change, therefore the raising of first 8 days is not change water.And every one in this 8 days
Its EM bacterium of splashing in container, can further suppress growing for harmful levels of pathogens.Young shrimp grows to certain degree after 8 days, daily
Carry out changing water and EM bacterium of splashing toward container, can keep raising water body ammonia-nitrogen content in relatively low level, it is also ensured that water
Body does not produce harmful levels of pathogens.Young shrimp would not be infected in the mark thick stage by germ, and survival rate is raised.Strengthening process, daily
Splash vitamin c solution, the opposing germ ability of shrimp seedling can be further enhanced, it is ensured that survival rate.By in general aquaculture model
The number of times that feeds daily be changed to 12 times by 6 times, it was observed that shrimp seedling is again introduced into peak period of ingesting after 1.5～2 hours on the feed,
Fed every 1.5～2 hours so that food conversion and deposition are greatly improved.Thrown when shrimp seedling is entered and ingest peak period every time
Hello, shrimp seedling is higher to the utilization rate of feed, and the speed of growth is faster.
Preferably, in step S1, container bottom center is provided with discharge outlet, and discharge outlet is provided with 1 gas stone.
On cultivating system, the circular fiber glass of 3 tons most-often used during actual production is tested of water carrying capacity of the present invention
Bucket is changed to the circular glass fiber drum that water carrying capacity is 0.1～0.5 ton, and the side vent of round tank in production is changed in bottom
Heart draining, 1 is changed into by gas stone in bucket in production from 8, is accurately placed in bottom centre.
Bottom centre sets osculum and drainpipe, and drainpipe is provided with one, switch, for adjusting drainage speed.In osculum
A kind of a kind of water bolt for combining embolus and screen cloth of place's design, for filtering impurities in water, residual bait, excrement etc. in draining
Ensure that shrimp seedling is not discharged.
Preferably, stocking density is 3500～4500 every cubic metre of water bodys of tail shrimp seedling in step S3.
During seedling is selected, the present invention chooses the young shrimp for being changed into 5 days after post larval from acanthosoma and enters rower slightly, is seen with naked eyes
Examine, it is strong to choose outward appearance energy, is placed in little Bai bowls and is blown with mouth, can the travelling shrimp seedling of ripple against the current, while observing shrimp seedling
Enteron aisle and liver, have a complete gutstring so that enteron aisle is full, liver is excellent in black, and the size specification of shrimp seedling is more unified better.
At least 10 tails are selected to carry out microscopy under microscope from shrimp seedling on the basis of visually observing, microscopy index includes parasite, and muscle is damaged
Hinder, appendage is clean and tidy etc..Select 10 tails son shrimp to carry out full shrimp vibrios simultaneously to determine.
Select vibrios method for measuring during seedling to be to take 5 tail shrimp seedlings, be respectively put into added with the homogenate of 1ml physiological saline
It is homogenized in device to uniform, 0.1ml is taken out from each homogenizer and is coated on TCBS selection culture dishes, does per the homogenate of tail shrimp
Three repetitions.All culture dishes are placed in into 28 DEG C of culture 24h in constant incubator, vibrios growing state are observed, finally with culture
Yellow bacterium number amount ＜ 1000 on ware, green bacterium number amount ＜ 10 is high-quality shrimp seedling, if bacterium number is excessive, should not be entered from this batch of young shrimp
Rower is thick.
Preferably, after the shrimp seedling is chosen, before shrimp seedling is put in Cultivation container, by shrimp seedling to be put in a suitable place to breed be placed in containing
Soak 5～15 minutes in ascorbic solution, vitamin c solution is immersed in shrimp seedling body can further increase supporting for shrimp seedling
The ability of Anti-bacterium, it is ensured that the survival rate of shrimp seedling.
Preferably, in step S3, to four points that the quantity of exchanged water before strain is total Water after 8 days in breeding process
One of, the quantity of exchanged water of last strain is 1/3rd of total Water.With adaptation energy of the growth of shrimp seedling to environmental change
Power is also stronger, increases quantity of exchanged water, it is ensured that raise water quality.
Preferably, in step S3, the EM bacteria concentrations splashed are 50～100 ppm.
Preferably, in step S3, shrimp seedling intensive treatment, the concentration of vitamin c solution of splashing is 0.5～1 g/m.
Preferably, in step S3, timing 7 daily:00 starts to feed.7 points of morning is that shrimp seedling is ingested after a night
When amount is maximum, at this time start to feed, the growth of shrimp seedling can be promoted.
It is highly preferred that the culturing time for marking the thick stage is 7:00；8:30；10:00；11:30；13:00；14:30；16:00；
17:30；19:00；20:30；22:00；23:30.
Preferably, in step S3, the raw material of the feed for feeding includes：Protein sources 69.75～79.47wt.% of raw material,
Fat source 4～7wt.% of raw material, sugar source raw material 5wt.%, food binder 3wt.%, 0.3～1.2wt.% of antioxidant, phagostimulant
1.6wt.%, B B-complex 1wt.%, 1～4wt.% of composite mineral salt.
Preferably, the formula of the feed includes fish meal 52wt.%, protolysate comprising the feed for feeding
20wt.%, krill meal 3wt.%, brewer's yeast 3wt.%, a- 8.15～8.75wt.% of starch, lecithin 2wt.%, B B-complex
1wt.%, composite mineral salt 1wt.%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.65wt.%, methionine 1wt.%, tryptophan 0.5wt.%, lysine
1wt.%, Choline Chloride 1wt.%, sodium alginate 3wt.%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3wt.%.
Preferably, it is described to feed feed also including the citric acid of 0.2～0.6 wt.%.Add citric acid, lemon in feed
Lemon acid changes the pH of shrimp body enteron aisle and suppresses vibrios to grow nonparasitically upon another plant in enteron aisle, such that it is able to improve the Anti-bacterium ability of shrimp seedling.
Typically when cultivation starts, the feed for feeding uses 40 eye mesh screens, and 30 mesh are changed into after 10 days, switchs to after 16 days
20 mesh, to cultivate and can directly feed 1.2mm feeds within 3～5 days before terminating.
Mark extensive cultivation is grown after end, and vibrios measure is also carried out to shrimp seedling, and method is to take 15 tails son shrimp, with 5 tail tail, one list
Its liver is taken out in position, is put into added with being homogenized to uniform in the homogenizer of 1ml physiological saline, dilutes homogenate in centrifuge tube
0.1ml is taken out after 1000 times from each centrifuge tube to coat on TCBS selection culture dishes, per the homogenate dilution of tail shrimp three are done
Individual repetition.All culture dishes are placed in into 28 DEG C of culture 24h in constant incubator, vibrios growing state are observed, finally with culture dish
Upper yellow bacterium number amount ＜ 1000, green bacterium number amount ＜ 10 is high-quality shrimp seedling, if bacterium number is excessive, should not be carried out from this batch of young shrimp
The pond culture in later stage.
Mark extensive cultivation grow end after, also shrimp seedling is carried out salinity stress, method for take out 30 tails son shrimp be put in keg, will
Seawater salinity is diluted to 6 ‰, Continuous Observation 6h by 35 ‰ with fresh water in bucket, is qualified young shrimp more than 50% with final survival rate,
The pond culture of next stage can be entered.
Compared with prior art the present invention has following technique effect：
The present invention adopts water carrying capacity carries out the thick stage breeding of mark of South America prawn for 0.1～0.5 ton of small size pond, by reducing water
Body cultivation can greatly improve the survival rate in young shrimp mark thick stage, reduce the probability of morbidity, reduce because disease cause it is extensive
The dead risk of the young shrimp of high-volume.Simultaneously small size pond cultivates the amount for feeding more easy to control, it is not easy to feeds intake excessive or very few causes
Water pollution, is conducive to improving efficiency of feed utilization, reduces ammonia nitrogen discharge, reduces environmental pollution.At first 8 days raised, due to son
The also very fragile feeding environment of shrimp can not have too big change, therefore the raising of first 8 days is not change water.And it is every in this 8 days
Splash in container every two days EM bacterium, can further suppress growing for harmful levels of pathogens.Young shrimp grows to certain degree after 8 days,
Carry out daily changing water and EM bacterium of splashing toward container, can keep raising water body ammonia-nitrogen content in relatively low level, it is also possible to protect
Card water body does not produce harmful levels of pathogens.Young shrimp would not be infected in the mark thick stage by germ, and survival rate is raised.Strengthening process,
Splash daily vitamin c solution, the opposing germ ability of shrimp seedling can be further enhanced, it is ensured that survival rate.Mould will typically be cultivated
The number of times that feeds daily in formula is changed to 12 times by 6 times, it was observed that shrimp seedling is again introduced into peak of ingesting after 1.5～2 hours on the feed
Phase, interval feeds so that food conversion and deposition are greatly improved for 1.5～2 hours.When shrimp seedling enters ingest peak period every time
Fed, shrimp seedling is higher to the utilization rate of feed, and the speed of growth is faster.
Specific embodiment
By the following examples the invention will be further described, but does not limit the scope of the invention.In following embodiments
The test method for being used if no special instructions, is conventional method；Material, reagent for being used etc., if no special instructions, be
The reagent for commercially obtaining and material.
Rate of body weight gain, specific growth rate and survival rate described in each embodiment is calculated as follows respectively：
Rate of body weight gain（%）=100 ×（Last weight-initial weight）/ initial weight；
Survival rate（%）=（Bar number when bar number at the end of experiment/experiment starts）×100%.
The each embodiment feed formula of table 1 and Analysis of Nutritive Composition
Embodiment 1
Efficiently in small water body cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, comprises the following steps：
S1. container and water body disinfection：It is first that 0.2 ton of cylinder body and water body carry out disinfection to capacity before shrimp seedling is put into, cylinder
Body is first scrubbed using oxalic acid immersion, and injection fresh seawater, is carried out disinfection using strong chlorine oil after rinsing only, is used after standing 2 days
Chlorine residue kit detects water body contents of residual chlorine, and by sodium thiosulfate（Dodium thiosulfate）Adjust to safe concentration.
S2. the disease-free shrimp seedling of health is chosen：During seedling is selected, we choose from acanthosoma and are changed into 5 days after post larval
Young shrimp to enter rower thick, to visually observe, it is strong to choose outward appearance energy, is placed in little Bai bowls and is blown with mouth, can ripple against the current
Travelling shrimp seedling, while observing the enteron aisle and liver of shrimp seedling, has complete gutstring so that enteron aisle is full, and liver is excellent, shrimp seedling in black
Size specification it is more unified better.At least 10 tails are selected to carry out microscopy under microscope, mirror from shrimp seedling on the basis of visually observing
Inspection index includes parasite, muscle damage, and appendage is clean and tidy etc..Select 10 tails son shrimp to carry out full shrimp vibrios simultaneously to determine.In shrimp seedling
Put before seedling, by wait put shrimp seedling be placed in soak 15 minutes in the keg containing Vc after proceed in the thick cultivating system of mark.
S3. mark extensive cultivation to grow：Culture-cycle is 25 days, and cultivation does not carry out changing water for first 8 days, is changed daily at 9～21 days
Water, quantity of exchanged water is the 1/4 of total Water, and the intensive treatment stage quantity of exchanged water for cultivating the 22nd～25 day is the 1/3 of total Water.It is simultaneously whole
Concentration of every other day splashing in system for first 8 days in the individual culture-cycle is 50 ppm EM bacterium, and 8 days terminate changing water every time afterwards
Concentration of splashing in time afterwards is 50 ppm EM bacterium.Environmental management aspect, cultivating system is placed under identical illumination condition, front 8
It carries out part shading treatment to system, and normal natural light cultivation can be carried out after 8 days.Management aspect is fed, will be made to
Feed carry out it is broken after fed using screen fractionation, 12 times are carried out daily and are fed, the time is 7:00；8:30；10:00；
11:30；13:00；14:30；16:00；17:30；19:00；20:30；22:00；23:30.Later stage reinforcing aspect, terminates in cultivation
Later stage, that is, cultivate the 22nd～25 day, intensive treatment is carried out to shrimp seedling, concentration 0.5g/m of splashing daily Vc solution.Mark the thick stage
The feed for feeding is shown in Table the feed of the formula 1 in 1, when feeding management, the feed of the particle diameter 1.2mm for preparing is ground with grinder
After mill, it is classified with screen cloth, cultivation feeds 40 eye mesh screen screenings in 1～5 day（200～400um）, feed within 6-10 days 40 mesh
Oversize（400um）, feed within 11～15 days 30 mesh oversizes（600um）, feed within 16～20 days 20 mesh oversizes（800um）, 21
Feed 1.2mm feeds within～25 days.Control treatment is done simultaneously, and control treatment is to use traditional thick cultural method+traditional commerce of mark
Micro-granulated feed is fed into rower extensive cultivation and is grown.
In original body mass（Original body mass 2.3mg）In the case of identical, aquaculture model of the present invention and typically biography
The aquaculture model of system plant（Control）Compare, whole opisthosoma improves 38% again（Pattern cultivation of the present invention obtains the average opisthosoma of young shrimp
Weight is 0.207g, and the opisthosoma weight that business micro-granulated feed is fed is 0.15g）, rate of body weight gain（WG）Improve 21.7%（The present invention is raised
The WG that material is fed is 9003.90, and the WG that commercial feed is fed is 7400）, survival rate raising 55.7%（Forage feed of the present invention
Survival rate is 93.4%, and the survival rate that business micro-granulated feed is fed is 60%）.
With ammonia nitrogen and nitrous in water under small size pond aquaculture model under cultivation mid-term, continuous seven days measure tradition aquaculture models
The concentration of hydrochlorate.Found by contrasting, under traditional mode the general concentration of ammonia nitrogen 0.3～0.55mg/L scope, and small size pond
Between 0.1～0.28mg/L, the latter is significantly lower than the former to ammonia nitrogen concentration under pattern.While nitrite concentration under traditional mode
Nitrite concentration is in the range of 0.01～0.04mg/L under 0.17～0.28mg/L, small size pond pattern, it is seen that relative to biography
System pattern, small size pond pattern has a great superiority on ammonia nitrogen, the control of nitrite, water quality index it is superior also further
The reason for explaining survival rate and raise.
Embodiment 2
Efficiently in small water body cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, comprises the following steps：Cultural method is with enforcement
Example 1, cultivates the feed that the feed for using is formula 2 in table 1.Set up the identical control group of same embodiment 1 simultaneously.
In original body mass（Original body mass 2.3mg）In the case of identical, aquaculture model of the present invention and typically biography
The aquaculture model of system plant（Control）Compare, rate of body weight gain improves 23.3%, and survival rate improves 49%（Forage feed of the present invention
WG be 9125.5, commercial feed feed WG be 7400；The survival rate of forage feed of the present invention is 89.4%, business microparticle
The survival rate of forage feed is 60%）.
With ammonia nitrogen and nitrous in water under small size pond aquaculture model under cultivation mid-term, continuous seven days measure tradition aquaculture models
The concentration of hydrochlorate.Found by contrasting, under traditional mode the general concentration of ammonia nitrogen 0.3～0.55mg/L scope, and small size pond
Between 0.1～0.28mg/L, the latter is significantly lower than the former to ammonia nitrogen concentration under pattern.While nitrite concentration under traditional mode
Nitrite concentration is in the range of 0.01～0.04mg/L under 0.17～0.28mg/L, small size pond pattern, it is seen that relative to biography
System pattern, small size pond pattern has a great superiority on ammonia nitrogen, the control of nitrite, water quality index it is superior also further
The reason for explaining survival rate and raise.
Embodiment 3
Efficiently in small water body cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, comprises the following steps：Cultural method is with enforcement
Example 1, cultivates the feed that the feed for using is formula 3 in table 1.Set up the identical control group of same embodiment 1 simultaneously.
In original body mass（Original body mass 2.3mg）In the case of identical, aquaculture model of the present invention and typically biography
The aquaculture model of system plant（Control）Compare, rate of body weight gain improves 25.9%, and survival rate improves 48.25% (feed of the present invention
The WG of nursing is 9318.2, and the WG that commercial feed is fed is 7400；The survival rate of forage feed of the present invention is 88.95%, and business is micro-
The survival rate that pellet is fed is for 60%).
With ammonia nitrogen and nitrous in water under small size pond aquaculture model under cultivation mid-term, continuous seven days measure tradition aquaculture models
The concentration of hydrochlorate.Found by contrasting, under traditional mode the general concentration of ammonia nitrogen 0.3～0.55mg/L scope, and small size pond
Between 0.1～0.28mg/L, the latter is significantly lower than the former to ammonia nitrogen concentration under pattern.While nitrite concentration under traditional mode
Nitrite concentration is in the range of 0.01～0.04mg/L under 0.17～0.28mg/L, small size pond pattern, it is seen that relative to biography
System pattern, small size pond pattern has a great superiority on ammonia nitrogen, the control of nitrite, water quality index it is superior also further
The reason for explaining survival rate and raise.
Embodiment 4
Efficiently in small water body cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, comprises the following steps：Cultural method is with enforcement
Example 1, cultivates the feed that the feed for using is formula 4 in table 1.Set up the identical control group of same embodiment 1 simultaneously.
In original body mass（Original body mass 2.3mg）In the case of identical, aquaculture model of the present invention and typically biography
The aquaculture model of system plant（Control）Compare, rate of body weight gain improves 10.6%, and survival rate improves 37.9%, and (feed of the present invention is fed
Foster WG is 8183.0, and the WG that commercial feed is fed is 7400；The survival rate of forage feed of the present invention is 82.75%, micro- of business
The survival rate of grain forage feed is for 60%).
With ammonia nitrogen and nitrous in water under small size pond aquaculture model under cultivation mid-term, continuous seven days measure tradition aquaculture models
The concentration of hydrochlorate.Found by contrasting, under traditional mode the general concentration of ammonia nitrogen 0.3～0.55mg/L scope, and small size pond
Between 0.1～0.28mg/L, the latter is significantly lower than the former to ammonia nitrogen concentration under pattern.While nitrite concentration under traditional mode
Nitrite concentration is in the range of 0.01～0.04mg/L under 0.17～0.28mg/L, small size pond pattern, it is seen that relative to biography
System pattern, small size pond pattern has a great superiority on ammonia nitrogen, the control of nitrite, water quality index it is superior also further
The reason for explaining survival rate and raise.
From the result of embodiment 1～4, contrasted with traditional aquaculture model, the small size pond indoor culture of the present invention
Significantly improve in terms of rate of body weight gain with survival rate, while under identical aquaculture model, 0.4% citric acid is added in feed can be with
Significantly improve the rate of body weight gain of young shrimp and survival rate is not had a significant impact.
Embodiment 5
Efficiently in small water body cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, comprises the following steps：
S1. container and water body disinfection：It is first that 0.1 ton of cylinder body and water body carry out disinfection to capacity before shrimp seedling is put into, cylinder
Body is first scrubbed using oxalic acid immersion, and injection fresh seawater, is carried out disinfection using strong chlorine oil after rinsing only, is used after standing 2 days
Chlorine residue kit detects water body contents of residual chlorine, and by sodium thiosulfate（Dodium thiosulfate）Adjust to safe concentration.
S2. the disease-free shrimp seedling of health is chosen：During seedling is selected, we choose from acanthosoma and are changed into 5 days after post larval
Young shrimp to enter rower thick, to visually observe, it is strong to choose outward appearance energy, is placed in little Bai bowls and is blown with mouth, can ripple against the current
Travelling shrimp seedling, while observing the enteron aisle and liver of shrimp seedling, has complete gutstring so that enteron aisle is full, and liver is excellent, shrimp seedling in black
Size specification it is more unified better.At least 10 tails are selected to carry out microscopy under microscope, mirror from shrimp seedling on the basis of visually observing
Inspection index includes parasite, muscle damage, and appendage is clean and tidy etc..Select 10 tails son shrimp to carry out full shrimp vibrios simultaneously to determine.In shrimp seedling
Put before seedling, by wait put shrimp seedling be placed in soak 5 minutes in the keg containing Vc after proceed in the thick cultivating system of mark.
S3. mark extensive cultivation to grow：Do not carry out changing water first 8 days that the culture-cycle is 20 days, carried out changing water at 9～17 days, change water
Measure as the 1/4 of total Water, be the 1/3 of total Water in the cultivation intensive treatment stage quantity of exchanged water of the 18th～20 day.It is simultaneously whole to support
Grow and every other day splash in system within first 8 days in the cycle concentration for 100 ppm EM bacterium, 8 days afterwards changing every time after water terminates and
When splash concentration for 100 ppm EM bacterium.Environmental management aspect, cultivating system is placed under identical illumination condition, at first 8 days
Part shading treatment is carried out to system, normal natural light cultivation can be carried out after 8 days.Management aspect is fed, will be according in table 1
The feed that is made to of formula 3 carry out it is broken after fed using screen fractionation, 12 times are carried out daily and are fed, the time is 10:
00；11:30；13:00；14:30；16:00；17:30；18:00；19:30；20:00；21:30；23:00；1:30.Later stage strengthens
Aspect, in cultivation the later stage is terminated, that is, cultivate the 18th～20 day, and to shrimp seedling intensive treatment is carried out, dimension of splashing daily concentration 1g/m C
Solution.
Embodiment 6
Efficiently in small water body cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, comprises the following steps：
S1. container and water body disinfection：It is first that 0.5 ton of cylinder body and water body carry out disinfection to capacity before shrimp seedling is put into, cylinder
Body is first scrubbed using oxalic acid immersion, and injection fresh seawater, is carried out disinfection using strong chlorine oil after rinsing only, is used after standing 2 days
Chlorine residue kit detects water body contents of residual chlorine, and by sodium thiosulfate（Dodium thiosulfate）Adjust to safe concentration.
S2. the disease-free shrimp seedling of health is chosen：During seedling is selected, we choose from acanthosoma and are changed into 5 days after post larval
Young shrimp to enter rower thick, to visually observe, it is strong to choose outward appearance energy, is placed in little Bai bowls and is blown with mouth, can ripple against the current
Travelling shrimp seedling, while observing the enteron aisle and liver of shrimp seedling, has complete gutstring so that enteron aisle is full, and liver is excellent, shrimp seedling in black
Size specification it is more unified better.At least 10 tails are selected to carry out microscopy under microscope, mirror from shrimp seedling on the basis of visually observing
Inspection index includes parasite, muscle damage, and appendage is clean and tidy etc..Select 10 tails son shrimp to carry out full shrimp vibrios simultaneously to determine.In shrimp seedling
Put before seedling, by wait put shrimp seedling be placed in soak 8 minutes in the keg containing Vc after proceed in the thick cultivating system of mark.
S3. mark extensive cultivation to grow：Do not carry out changing water first 8 days that the culture-cycle is 30 days, carried out daily changing water at 9～25 days,
Quantity of exchanged water is the 1/4 of total Water, is the 1/3 of total Water in the cultivation intensive treatment stage quantity of exchanged water of the 18th～20 day.It is simultaneously whole
Concentration of every other day splashing in system for first 8 days in the individual culture-cycle is 80 ppm EM bacterium, and 8 days terminate changing water every time afterwards
Concentration of splashing in time afterwards is 80 ppm EM bacterium.Environmental management aspect, cultivating system is placed under identical illumination condition,
Part shading treatment is carried out to system at first 8 days, normal natural light cultivation can be carried out after 8 days.Management aspect is fed, will be by
The feed that formula 3 is made to carries out being fed using screen fractionation after crushing, and 12 times is carried out daily and is fed, and the time is 6:00；
8:00；10:00；12:00；14:00；16:00；18:00；20:00；22:00；24:00；2:00；4:00.Later stage reinforcing aspect,
Terminate the later stage in cultivation, that is, cultivate the 26th～30 day, intensive treatment is carried out to shrimp seedling, dimension of splashing daily concentration 1g/m C solution.
Claims (10)
1. small size pond cultural method in a kind of thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1. container and water body disinfection, the water carrying capacity of container used is 0.1～0.5 ton of small size pond；
S2. the disease-free shrimp seedling of health is chosen；
S3. mark extensive cultivation to grow：Culture-cycle is 20～30 days, and front 8 days feeding process do not change water, every other day splash in container
EM bacterium, carry out daily changing water after 8 days, change after water EM bacterium of splashing；Carry out within first 8 days after part shading treatment, 8 days in natural light
Lower cultivation；In breeding process, daily fixed point carries out 12 times and feeds, and interval is fed every time 90～120 minutes；End is grown in mark extensive cultivation
Front 3～5 days, vitamin c solution of splashing daily carries out intensive treatment to shrimp seedling.
2. small size pond cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute in S1
State container bottom center and be provided with discharge outlet, discharge outlet is provided with 1 gas stone.
3. small size pond cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in S2
After shrimp seedling is chosen, shrimp seedling to be put in a suitable place to breed is placed in and is soaked 5～15 minutes containing in ascorbic solution.
4. small size pond cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
In rapid S3, to a quarter that the quantity of exchanged water before intensive treatment is total Water after cultivating 8 days, the quantity of exchanged water in intensive treatment stage is
/ 3rd of total Water.
5. efficiently in small water body cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
In stating step S3, the EM bacteria concentrations splashed are 50～100ppm.
6. efficiently in small water body cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
In stating step S3, shrimp seedling intensive treatment, the concentration of vitamin c solution of splashing is 0.5～1g/m.
7. efficiently in small water body cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
In stating step S3, daily 7:00 timing starts to feed.
8. efficiently in small water body cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
In stating step S3, the raw material of the feed for feeding includes：Protein sources 69.75～79.47wt.% of raw material, fat source raw material 4～
7wt.%, sugar source raw material 5wt.%, food binder 3wt.%, 0.3～1.2wt.% of antioxidant, phagostimulant 1.6wt.% are combined dimension
Raw element 1wt.%, 1～4wt.% of composite mineral salt.
9. small size pond cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the throwing
The feed fed includes fish meal 52wt.%, protolysate 20wt.%, krill meal 3wt.%, brewer's yeast 3wt.%, a- starch 8.15
～8.75wt.%, lecithin 2wt.%, B B-complex 1wt.%, composite mineral salt 1wt.%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.65wt.%,
Methionine 1wt.%, tryptophan 0.5wt.%, lysine 1wt.%, Choline Chloride 1wt.%, sodium alginate 3wt.%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate
3wt.%。
10. small size pond cultural method in the thick stage room of Penaeus Vannmei mark according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that institute
The feed for feeding is stated also including the citric acid of 0.2～0.6 wt.%.
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