CN106613708B - Planting method for forming flowers of new shoots of fruit trees in current year - Google Patents
Planting method for forming flowers of new shoots of fruit trees in current year Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for forming flowers on new shoots of fruit trees in the current year, which relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting and comprises the following steps: the method comprises three steps of opening angle of the base of the new tip in the early stage, flattening the tip of the new tip in the middle stage, controlling the length of a plant growth regulator and forcibly stopping the length of the new tip in the later stage. The operation method is simple and easy to implement, safe and harmless, is suitable for young and vigorous trees which grow strongly and do not fruit in the second to fifth years after the fruit trees are planted, is convenient for realizing the new shoots and flowers of the fruit trees, can bear fruits in the second year, and further realizes the purpose of increasing the yield. Meanwhile, the technology can also effectively control the size of the tree crown, carry out close planting, realize the purpose of increasing the yield per unit area and effectively improve the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a method for planting new shoots and flowers of fruit trees in the same year.
Background
In daily life, fruits such as apples and pears are common fruits which are most frequently eaten by people, have rich nutrient components and have the effects of adjuvant therapy and health care. The fruits of the fruits are rich in minerals and vitamins, contain abundant dietary fibers and a large amount of pectin, are greatly helpful for adjusting intestinal flora, and can make skin moist and elastic after being frequently eaten, thereby being beneficial to the health of people.
According to the planting method for the fruits with the quality and the yield which can not be well separated, the situation that the trees grow strongly but do not fruit often occurs in the second to five years after the traditional fruit trees are planted is that the fruit trees are called young trees, the yield of the fruit trees is seriously influenced, and great economic loss is brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a safe and harmless planting method for the current-year young shoots and flowers of fruit trees, which can effectively control the growth of young and vigorous trees, realize early fruiting and obviously improve the yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a planting method for forming flowers of new shoots of fruit trees in the current year is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) early new base opening angle:
when the sprout grows to 10-15cm long, opening the angle for the first time, pricking one end of a bamboo toothpick into the center dry part, penetrating the surface and reaching the xylem; the other end is slightly pricked into a position 4-5cm away from the new tip base part with the opening angle, and the opening angle is fixed to 85-95 ℃;
(2) the new tip of the middle period is leveled, and the growth of the plant growth regulator is controlled:
when the new tip grows to be 30-40cm long, pulling the branch for the second time, controlling the momentum of the upward growth of the tip of the new tip, and pulling the new tip downwards by using an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope and other devices, wherein the opening angle is fixed at 95-105 degrees; at the moment, when the new tips are in the vigorous growth stage, spraying all the new tips which are growing with the plant growth regulator; if the tree grows strongly and the growth of the new tips is not obviously slowed down, spraying the new tips for the second time 20-25 days after the first spraying, and mainly spraying the new tips with the vigorous growth;
(3) and late stage new slight pulling force stopping and lengthening:
when the young tip is close to stop growing, the branch is pulled for the third time from late 8 months to late 9 months generally, the tip of the young tip is pulled downwards, and the young tip is forced to stop growing; the new tip can be pulled downwards by using an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope and the like, and the angle of the new tip is fixed to be larger than 120 degrees;
(4) and in the early stage of trimming in the second year, all the devices for opening angles and pulling branches, such as toothpicks, angle openers and the like, are removed.
Preferably, the fruit tree is apple tree, pear tree, hawthorn tree, etc.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator is a PPO plant growth regulator.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the operation method is simple and easy to implement, safe and harmless, is suitable for young and vigorous trees which grow strongly and do not fruit in the second to fifth years after the fruit trees are planted, is convenient for realizing the new shoots and flowers of the fruit trees, can bear fruits in the second year, and further realizes the purpose of increasing the yield. Meanwhile, the technology can also effectively control the size of the tree crown, carry out close planting, realize the purpose of greatly increasing the yield per unit area and effectively improve the economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a planting method for forming flowers of new shoots of fruit trees in the current year, which comprises the following steps:
(1) early new base opening angle:
when the sprout grows to 10-15cm long, opening the angle for the first time, pricking one end of a bamboo toothpick into the center dry part, penetrating the surface and reaching the xylem; the other end is slightly pricked into a position 4-5cm away from the new tip base part with the opening angle, and the opening angle is fixed to 85-95 ℃;
(2) the new tip of the middle period is leveled, and the growth of the plant growth regulator is controlled:
when the new tip grows to be 30-40cm long, pulling the branch for the second time, controlling the momentum of the upward growth of the tip of the new tip, and pulling the new tip downwards by using an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope and other devices, wherein the opening angle is fixed at 95-105 degrees; at the moment, when the new tips are in the vigorous growth stage, spraying all the new tips which are growing with the plant growth regulator; if the tree grows strongly and the growth of the new tips is not obviously slowed down, spraying the new tips for the second time 20-25 days after the first spraying, and mainly spraying the new tips with the vigorous growth;
(3) and late stage new slight pulling force stopping and lengthening:
when the young tip is close to stop growing, the branch is pulled for the third time from late 8 months to late 9 months generally, the tip of the young tip is pulled downwards, and the young tip is forced to stop growing; the new tip can be pulled downwards by using an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope and the like, and the angle of the new tip is fixed to be larger than 120 degrees;
(4) and in the early stage of trimming in the second year, all the devices for opening angles and pulling branches, such as toothpicks, angle openers and the like, are removed.
Preferably, the fruit tree is apple tree, pear tree, hawthorn tree, etc.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator is a PPO plant growth regulator.
The first embodiment is as follows:
when the fruit tree is an apple tree, the planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) early new base opening angle:
when the sprout grows to 10-15cm long, opening the angle for the first time, pricking one end of a bamboo toothpick into the center dry part, penetrating the surface and reaching the xylem; the other end is slightly pricked into a position 4-5cm away from the new tip base part with the opening angle, and the opening angle is fixed to 85-95 degrees. The bamboo toothpick can keep the verticality, and the bamboo product stabs into the central trunk and penetrates through the surface skin, so that corrosion and stimulation to fruit trees are avoided, damage to the fruit trees is avoided, the part penetrating into the young sprout is selected at the position 4-5cm away from the base part, on one hand, the trend of the whole young sprout is convenient to control, and on the other hand, the situation that the position is selected too close to the front end of the young sprout, so that the front end is damaged due to too large stress is avoided.
The new tip length is within the range of 10-15cm, exceeds 15cm, and is easy to fold or split from the base; the bamboo tip is too tender and the bamboo stick is easy to penetrate the new tip when the length is shorter than 10 cm. The young shoots are tender in the early stage, the bamboo sticks easily damage the young shoots, and when the length of the young shoots exceeds 15cm, the young shoots are easily broken or the base parts of the young shoots are split. Therefore, the selection time of the opening angle of the base part of the young sprout should be properly selected, and the opening angle is ensured to meet the requirement.
When the toothpick is operated, the toothpick is held by the left hand, the new tip is pinched by the index finger and the thumb of the right hand, the index finger lightly pushes the tip upwards backwards and backwards, and the thumb lightly presses the tip upwards and forwards and downwards, so that when the opening angle of the base of the new tip reaches 85-95 degrees, the toothpick is fixed at the position 4-5cm away from the base of the new tip. Bamboo toothpicks are used, one end of the toothpick is stabbed into the central stem and penetrates through the surface and reaches the xylem; when the other end is operated, the action is gentle and the angle is proper, so that the bamboo stick is slightly pricked into a new base part 4-5cm away from the opened angle, the opened angle is ensured to reach 85-95 degrees, and then the bamboo stick is fixed.
If the area of the orchard is large, the number of young shoots to be opened is large, the opening operation is carried out for more than 2 times except for multiple personnel, the bud eyes germinate and grow gradually along with the prolonging of time, the young shoots extend slightly after the opening operation is started for the first time, and the second opening operation is carried out after 5 days. Under the condition that the area of the orchard is large, the number of the young shoots at the angle to be opened is large, and the time consumption of the whole young shoot opening period is long, so that the fruit trees which are firstly opened need to be opened for the second time after 5 days, the fruit trees in the whole orchard are ensured to have the same opening angle, and the growth vigor of the fruit trees in the orchard is synchronous.
(2) The new tip of the plant growth regulator is leveled in the middle period, and the growth of the plant growth regulator PPO is controlled:
and when the new tip grows to be 30-40cm long, drawing branches for the second time. The momentum of the tip of the young sprout growing upwards is controlled, the young sprout is downwards inclined and pulled open by an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope and the like, and the angle is fixed at 95-105 degrees. At the moment, when the new tips are in a vigorous growth stage, spraying 220 times of liquid with the concentration of PPO (polyphenylene oxide) as a plant growth regulator on all the growing new tips; if the tree grows strongly and the growth of new tips is not obviously slowed down, 20 to 25 days after the first spraying of the plant growth regulator PPO, the second spraying of the plant growth regulator PPO is carried out, and the concentration is the same as that before, the new tips which do not stop growing are sprayed in a key mode. The plant growth regulator PPO can effectively regulate the growth speed of fruit trees and inhibit the growth of new shoots. For the fruit trees with vigorous growth, PPO is sprayed once, the concentration is consistent with that of the first time, and the young shoots which do not stop growing are sprayed mainly, so that the growth vigor of the young shoots can be effectively controlled correspondingly, and the growth control effect is ensured. In the middle stage of young sprout growth, the young sprout grows gradually and reaches 40cm or more, the angle of the young sprout needs to be further widened from 85-95 degrees in the early stage to 95-105 degrees correspondingly, and the angle of the new sprout needs to be changed correspondingly only by means of an appliance which can provide high strength, such as an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip and the like, due to the fact that the strength required for changing the angle of the young sprout growth is increased.
The length of the new tip cannot exceed 30-40cm and exceed 40cm, the tip of the new tip grows vigorously upwards, and the new tip is easy to turn and the leaves turn over during branch pulling, so that photosynthesis of the leaves is not facilitated. And (3) carrying out tip leveling and PPO length control operation on the medium-term young shoots, wherein the timing of tip leveling is selected at the stage that the length of the young shoots is 30-40cm, and when the value exceeds the range value, the growth vigor of the young shoots becomes strong, and branch pulling easily causes blade overturning and is not beneficial to the photosynthesis, so that the timing is properly and reasonably selected.
When in operation, the new tip is softened from the base to the tip by hand, the angle is opened to ensure that the new tip is straight and inclined downwards, and then the new tip is fixed by an angle opener and the like. In the operation process, the young pin is more tough than the young pin in the earlier stage and is easy to cause splitting damage, so the young pin is gradually softened from the base to the tip by hand, the young pin can be straightly inclined downwards, and the young pin is fixed by an instrument such as an angle opener under the condition that the young pin is not damaged by bending.
When the new tip is fixed by using appliances such as iron wires, fine wire ropes and the like, attention must be paid to avoid winding too tightly, and space is reserved, so that the influence on the new tip or thickening growth of the trunk is avoided, and the new tip is prevented from overflowing and being broken. When the young shoots are fixed by using iron wires or strings, the young shoots are not wound too tightly, so that the problem that the young shoots grow thick to cause payment overflow and damage the young shoots is solved.
(3) And late stage new slight pulling force stopping and lengthening:
when the tip of the young tip is close to stop growing, the branch is pulled for the third time from about late 8 months to late 9 months, the tip of the young tip is pulled downwards, and the growth of the new tip is forced to stop. The new tip can be pulled downwards by using an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope and the like, and the opening angle is fixed to be larger than 120 degrees. The growth of the plant is upward, so that the growth of the young shoots of the fruit trees is also the same, the process of pulling the young shoots downwards can ensure that the tips of the young shoots are downward, the generation of auxin is inhibited, the purpose of controlling the growth of the young shoots is further realized, and the young shoots are forced to stop growing. In the later stage, the young shoots grow gradually, the tip ends of the young shoots are relatively strong, the tip ends can be tensioned by means of an angle opener, a thin iron wire and the like, the angle is guaranteed to be larger than 120 degrees, and the purpose of forcibly controlling growth is achieved.
The time can not be too early, the new tip is controlled to continue to grow at the time 10 days before the new tip stops growing, the head of the new tip is raised at the front end, an 'S' type new tip is easy to form, and the management of the new tip in the future is troublesome. The selection of the opportunity is also needed to be paid attention when the young shoots are pulled down in the later period, the young shoots are selected to be 10 days before the young shoots stop growing, the young shoots can continue to grow in the early period, the head is raised at the front end, the effect of pulling-down forced growth is difficult to realize at the late period, and the operation of pulling-down forced growth of the young shoots is carried out at the best opportunity.
When the branch pulling time is not too late, the new tip lignification stops growing, and the new tip is easy to be injured by the branch pulling, so that the epidermis at the base of the branch tip is lacerated, and the wound healing time is insufficient, so that the safe overwintering is not facilitated. The timing of branch pulling is proper, so that the epidermis at the base of the young sprout is prevented from cracking to form damage, and the later period of branch pulling in winter can generate more severe influence on wound healing and is not beneficial to the growth of fruit trees.
(4) And in the early stage of trimming in the second year, all the devices for opening angles and pulling branches, such as toothpicks, angle openers and the like, are removed.
In the early stage of trimming in the second year, appliances such as an angle opener are left in the operation of inhibiting the growth of the young shoots in the later stage of the previous year, so that the appliances need to be removed firstly correspondingly, and the operation is convenient for the trimming in the later stage.
Example two:
when the fruit tree is a pear tree,
and (3) flattening the tip of the new tip in the middle stage of the step (2), and carrying out secondary branch drawing when the new tip grows to be 30-35cm long in the control of the plant growth regulator PPO.
In the later stage of the step (3), in the process of pulling down the new tip to force the growth to stop, the third branch pulling is carried out when the new tip is close to the growth stop, generally about 8 late ten days.
The other specific operation steps are the same as the apple trees.
Example three:
when the fruit trees are hawthorn trees, the planting method comprises the following steps:
and (3) flattening the tip of the new tip in the middle stage of the step (2), and carrying out secondary branch drawing when the new tip grows to be 30-35cm long in the control of the plant growth regulator PPO.
In the later stage of the step (3), in the process of pulling down the new tip to force the growth to stop, the third branch pulling is carried out when the new tip is close to the growth stop, generally about 8 late ten days.
The other specific operation steps are the same as the apple trees.
The inventor uses the method to test two years in apple tree planting production, the planting area is more than two hundred mu, apples planted by the technology can bear fruits 2-3 years earlier than fruit trees planted by the traditional planting method, and reaches the fifth year, the yield of the fruit trees adopting the planting method can be doubled compared with the yield of the traditional fruit trees, and the planting method lays a foundation for a modern fruit tree planting industry production mode which is safe, environment-friendly, high in quality, low in investment and high in yield. The application of the technology can reduce the production cost, lay a foundation for high quality and high yield, and is suitable for large-scale popularization. The operation method is simple and easy to implement, safe and harmless, is suitable for young and vigorous trees which grow strongly and do not fruit in the second to fifth years after the fruit trees are planted, is convenient for realizing the new shoots and flowers of the fruit trees, can bear fruits in the second year, and further realizes the purpose of increasing the yield. Meanwhile, the technology can also effectively control the size of the tree crown, carry out close planting, realize the purpose of greatly increasing the yield per unit area and effectively improve the economic benefit.
Claims (3)
1. A planting method for forming flowers of new shoots of fruit trees in the current year is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) early new base opening angle:
when the sprout of the new tip grows to 10-15cm long, opening the angle for the first time, fixing the toothpick at a position 4-5cm away from the base of the new tip by using a bamboo toothpick, pricking one end of the toothpick into the central stem, and penetrating the surface to reach the xylem; the other end is slightly pricked into a position 4-5cm away from the base of the new tip with the opening angle, the opening angle is fixed to 85-95 degrees, the new tip continuously extends after the opening angle is started for the first time, and the opening angle is opened for the second time after 5 days;
(2) the new tip of the middle period is leveled, and the growth of the plant growth regulator is controlled:
when the tip of the young sprout grows to be 30-40cm long, pulling for the second time, controlling the momentum of the upward growth of the tip of the young sprout, gradually softening the young sprout from the base to the tip by hand to ensure that the young sprout can be straightly inclined downwards until the opening angle is 95-105 degrees, and fixing by an angle opener, a fine iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope; at the moment, when the new tips are in a vigorous growth stage, spraying 220 times of liquid with the concentration of PPO (polyphenylene oxide) as a plant growth regulator on all the growing new tips; if the tree grows strongly and the growth of the new tips is not obviously slowed down, spraying the new tips for the second time 20-25 days after the first spraying, and mainly spraying the new tips with the vigorous growth;
(3) and late stage new slight pulling force stopping and lengthening:
when the young tip is close to 10 days before the growth of the young tip stops, generally from late 8 months to late 9 months, pulling branches for the third time, pulling the tip of the young tip downwards, and forcibly promoting the young tip to stop growing; the new tip can be pulled downwards by an angle opener, a thin iron wire, a cloth strip or a hemp rope, and the tip can be fixed by the angle of opening being more than 120 degrees;
(4) and removing the angle opener, the thin iron wire, the cloth strip or the hemp rope in the earlier stage of trimming in the second year.
2. The method for planting the young shoots and flowers of the fruit trees in the current year as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fruit trees are apple trees, pear trees and hawthorn trees.
3. The method for planting the young shoots and flowers of fruit trees in the current year as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator is PPO plant growth regulator.
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| CN102893836B (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-01-08 | 运城市果业发展中心 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
| CN103262760A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-08-28 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for simplifying angle opening of pear sapling |
| CN104472297B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-08-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Y word Salix babylonica L. shape apple tree form and pruning method thereof |
| CN105028105B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-08-22 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like and its shaping methods |
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