CN106554224A - A kind of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost and preparation method thereof, is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：High Cellulase Production bacterium solution, polyvinyl alcohol, 2 ~ 4wt%CaCl₂Solution, sodium alginate, 2 ~ 5wt%NaOH solution, pomace, the Strobilus Pini, leaf of Caulis Sacchari sinensis, rabbit excrement, sheep stool ball, EM bacteria agent, chitin, mulberry leaves, Camellia sinensis wood flour, fruit and vegerable old leaf, Kaolin and appropriate water；Invention be rabbit excrement, sheep stool etc. are fermented after utilize culture for Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., these feces are all from herbivore, cellulose is to utilize completely, more nutrient is also remained, after sterilizing, adds zymocyte fermentation that organic acid composition and microbial metabolism beneficial products are obtained, in follow-up digestion process, also unnecessary miscellaneous bacteria is killed, the dead individuals of miscellaneous bacteria are also abundant source of nutrition, and effect only can be more preferable, it is possible to increase the yield and each side quality of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers..

Description

A kind of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the Technology field of culture medium of edible fungus, and in particular to train to a kind of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. Nutriment and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Edible fungi generally comprises sporophore and mycelium, is made up of eukaryotic microorganisms, and funguses are not received in nutritional sufficiency, individuality Formulate under the suitable growing environments such as constraint, it is individual to know from experience quick breeding, being substantially improved on quantity of formation, but work as fungi Bring up in certain amount, be formed the mycelium being made up of funguses, mycelium is intensive to be restricted each other, the shape of directivity Into fruit body primordium, it is to be formed by mycelium is intensive, produces sporogenic sexual propagation organ later, and mycelium is by one by one Tubular fossils are constituted, and play a part of to absorb nutrient, and villiform is presented, and branch is flourishing.The compost of edible fungus culturing is typically carried For nitrogen source, carbon source, water, vitamin and mineral necessary to eukaryotic microorganisms growth, wherein consuming the tightest with carbon source and nitrogen source Weight, moisture are generally kept in 60% or so, ventilate and ensure that oxygen supply is sufficient, it is not necessary to illumination, and temperature requirement at 24 ~ 28 DEG C is It is most suitable, therefore, typically usually see culture medium of edible fungus plastic sheeting parcel or cover, it is therefore intended that prevent moisture evaporation simultaneously And maintain certain temperature.

The topmost problem of culture medium of edible fungus at this stage is：Culture medium access times are few, and many culture medium are used 2 times Will abandon after even 1 time, reason is；The nutrient of culture medium is difficult the normal growth for maintaining new sporophore next time, main If nitrogen source and carbon source are not enough, and so do the very big increase for causing artificial amount, the usage amount of raw material is improved, extra resource Consume and improve, while the culture medium of edible fungus that inspection is abandoned finds that substantial amounts of nutritional labeling is also remained in culture medium, and eucaryon is micro- The nutrient main source of the culture medium of biological utilisation is carbohydrate, sugar, starch and a small amount of low molecular dimension of solubility Raw element, and funguses are due to the difference of function, can be seldom that wood flour, cotton seed hullss, rice husk, corn cob etc. are main by fibre using raw material The raw material of dimension element composition, contains a large amount of unemployed cellulose components, how using this part in causing culture medium dead meal Nutrition, can greatly improve the access times of culture medium of edible fungus, reduce additional investment cost.

Cellulose accounts for the 30 ~ 50% of global plant dry weight, is that the most most abundant carbohydrate of wide, content is distributed on the earth, Belong to a kind of high molecular polymer of chain, general to be difficult to degrade automatically or be decomposed by the microorganisms utilization, cellulase is drop The general name of the solution glucogenic one group of enzyme of cellulose, at present it is believed that during degradable cellulose at least needs 3 function is not With but 3 groups of the cellulase of complementation：Endoglucanase, Cellobiohydrolase, cellobiase. Cellulose could be hydrolyzed into glucose in the presence of cooperateing with by them, but the significant drawback of cellulase is, cellulase Stability is poor, short life and single enzymatic activity is low.

The content of the invention

The present invention promotes the decomposition of cellulose to utilize to improve the utilization ratio of culture medium of edible fungus, and invention is a kind of high Effect is utilized, persistently provides nutrient and reused culture medium of edible fungus, is realized particular by following method：

A kind of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight portion：High Cellulase Production Bacterium solution 10 ~ 15, polyvinyl alcohol 2 ~ 3,2 ~ 4wt%CaCl₂Solution 8 ~ 12, sodium alginate 0.2 ~ 0.4, pomace 20 ~ 30, the Strobilus Pini 30 ~ 45th, leaf of Caulis Sacchari sinensis 10 ~ 15, rabbit excrement 20 ~ 30, sheep stool ball 25 ~ 35, biogas waste residue 10 ~ 16, EM bacteria agent 1 ~ 3, chitin 2 ~ 5, mulberry leaves 15 ~ 20, Camellia sinensis wood flour 30 ~ 40, fruit and vegerable old leaf 10 ~ 18, Kaolin 10 ~ 16 and appropriate water；

The High Cellulase Production bacterium solution be with 15 ~ 20g/L of straw-like materials, 4 ~ 7 g/L of Semen Tritici aestivi flour, 10 ~ 15 g/L of carbamide, （NH₄）₂SO₄ 10~12 g/L、NH₄NO₃The nutritional solution of 5 ~ 8 g/L is culture medium, and heating makes Semen Tritici aestivi flour gelatinizing, then inoculation ratio Example is 5 ~ 8:1 Li Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger original seed, cultivate 140 ~ 150h at a temperature of 30 ~ 35 DEG C, and shaking speed 180 ~ 200r/min, and the spore suspension concentration for detecting reaches 1.5 ~ 2.0 × 10⁷Individual/mL, completes the bacterium solution after amplification culture.

A kind of preparation method of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost, it is characterised in that including following step：

（1）Mixing sheep stool ball, rabbit excrement, Kaolin and biogas waste residue, first pass through high temperature sterilize process, are then inoculated with EM bacteria agent and pile up Fermentation 10 ~ 15 days, after the completion of spread solarization out 2 ~ 3 days, add pomace, the Strobilus Pini, leaf of Caulis Sacchari sinensis and other following residues being not directed to into Point, to stir uniform, be put into 60 ~ 70min of steaming and decocting in high-pressure steam sterilizing pan, moistening simultaneously softens raw material, stirs into slag charge；

（2）By High Cellulase Production bacterium solution and the water mixed diluting of 3 ~ 5 times of its times of weight, polyvinyl alcohol and alginic acid are subsequently adding Sodium, stirring and evenly mixing are uniformly sprayed onto（1）On described raw material, the 20 ~ 30min that then constantly stirs is to bacterium solution uniformly dispersing；

（3）Treat（2）After the completion of, rapidly by 2 ~ 4wt%CaCl₂Solution is slowly poured in culture medium, stands 3 ~ 4h crosslinking curings, After last appropriate benefit adds water to water content 60 ~ 65%.

As long as according in background technology at this stage culture medium of edible fungus produced problem and the present invention thinking, here with Can growth metabolism go out the method combined by the antibacterial of cellulase and culture medium of edible fungus, realize the profit of cellulose in culture medium With, realize that culture medium nutritional utilization is maximized, enzyme preparation is applied to into culture medium directly and is unfavorable for that the effect of enzyme is played, cellulose Enzyme short life itself, the stability for existing are poor, while decomposition of the enzyme for adding to cellulose belongs to acute effect, it is difficult to long-time Cellulose in culture medium is hydrolyzed, provided that a kind of slow degraded cellulose of long-time, continuous orderly offer food It is optimal choice with the nutrient needed for bacterium.

Accumulation of the invention through continuous repeated attempt and many years of experience, draws the master for cellulase-producing using trichoderma reesei Microorganism is wanted to be optimal, while add a certain amount of aspergillus niger, the enzyme of generation decomposition of cellulose that can be more perfect, both it Between ratio 5 ~ 8:Between 1, can be very good to produce the enzyme of decomposition of cellulose, strain parent species of the invention from Laboratories Accession Two kinds of excellent bacterial initial species of middle selection, then obtain the bacterium solution mixed liquor of High Cellulase Production through amplification culture, and bacterium solution is mixed The condition that conjunction liquid must is fulfilled for is the nutritional condition for being suitable to two kinds of growth developments, is obtained through repetitious orthogonal test The optimal condition for going out cultivation is：15 ~ 20g/L of straw-like materials, 4 ~ 7 g/L of Semen Tritici aestivi flour, 10 ~ 15 g/L of carbamide,（NH₄）₂SO₄10~12 g/L、NH₄NO₃5 ~ 8 g/L, pH are 5.0 ~ 6.0, and the optimum temperature of culture is 30 ~ 35 DEG C, incubation time 140 ~ 150h, shaking speed 180r/min complete the spore suspension concentration after amplification culture and reach 1.5 ~ 2.0 × 10⁷Individual/mL, its In nitrogen source class material be also an option that carbamide, ammonium chloride etc. replace, for strain cellulase-producing all has facilitation.

But if directly the bacterium solution of cellulase-producing is added in culture medium of edible fungus, actual effect is simultaneously bad, former Because being that culture medium belongs to a kind of stereochemical structure, different from plating medium, its Main Function is also to provide eukaryotic microorganisms Nutrition, grows sporophore, and the High Cellulase Production bacterium solution added belongs to liquid, needs certain attachment fixative just wrap Overlay on culture medium of edible fungus raw material, while also wanting the quantity of planned transplanting foreign aid's strain, promote edible fungi to become leading Strain, prevents Inoculating microbes for the undue utilization of nutrient, remains that the strain of foreign aid's bacterium cellulase-producing is maintained at one On the fixed order of magnitude, cellulase can be produced, the cellulose in culture medium of edible fungus is hydrolyzed, the saccharide of generation can be with The growth of edible bacterium is utilized, as this is constantly to produce cellulase, so, when this supply-demand relationship can remain very long Between, this just more thoroughly using the raw material of culture medium of edible fungus can reduce wasting phenomenon.

Invention for the specific practice using High Cellulase Production application and culture medium of edible fungus, first to culture medium of edible fungus Pretreatment is carried out, such as can break the crystalline texture and protective layer of cellulosic molecule by the immersion of high temperature steaming and alkali liquor, Make raw material become fluffy, be more prone to be acted on by cellulase, this stage not only can be such that the structure of cellulose causes necessarily The destruction of degree, can also sterilize, and improve culture medium material temperature, for the maximum function for how playing cellulase-producing bacterium, invention The principle of the immobilization embedded technology of analog cell, that is, keep the extraordinary activity of microorganism, while microorganism can also be avoided to inhale Undue breeding after receiving nutrition is expanded, and affects the nutritional utilization situation of edible fungi, specifically by the microorganism of cellulase-producing Sodium alginate and fixative polyvinyl alcohol are added in bacterium solution, is poured into after mixing in the culture medium of finished product, is then quickly poured into a mould again One layer of calcium chloride solution, calcium ion and sodium alginate reaction, crosslinking coupling form multi-dimensional grid structure, become a kind of gel-like Material is wrapped in the oarse-grained surface of culture medium, belongs to a kind of porous type film layer, then solid under the solidification of polyvinyl alcohol Calmly, the characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol has good fixing effect, high mechanical strength；Film layer is not only enriched with the microbial bacteria of cellulase-producing, Belong to a kind of water-retaining property film layer simultaneously, for the culture of edible fungi, be more easy to be sought connections with by mycelium.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：Invention be rabbit excrement, sheep stool etc. are fermented after utilize culture for Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., this A little feces are all from herbivore, and cellulose also remains more nutrient to utilize completely, add zymocyte to send out after sterilizing Ferment is obtained organic acid composition and microbial metabolism beneficial products, in follow-up digestion process, also kills unnecessary miscellaneous bacteria Go out, the dead individuals of miscellaneous bacteria are also abundant source of nutrition, and effect only can be more preferable, it is possible to increase the yield and each side of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. Quality.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1：

A kind of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost, it is characterised in that by following weight portion（Kg）Raw material make：High yield fiber Plain enzyme bacterium solution 12, polyvinyl alcohol 2,2 ~ 4wt%CaCl₂Solution 10, sodium alginate 0.2, pomace 26, the Strobilus Pini 38, leaf of Caulis Sacchari sinensis 12, Rabbit excrement 25, sheep stool ball 30, biogas waste residue 14, EM bacteria agent 2, chitin 3, mulberry leaves 18, Camellia sinensis wood flour 36, fruit and vegerable old leaf 15, height Ridge soil 14 and appropriate water；

The High Cellulase Production bacterium solution be with straw-like materials 16g/L, 6 g/L of Semen Tritici aestivi flour, carbamide 12g/L,（NH₄）₂SO₄ 10 g/L、NH₄NO₃The nutritional solution of 6 g/L is culture medium, and heating makes Semen Tritici aestivi flour gelatinizing, and then inoculative proportion is 5 ~ 8:In 1 Family name trichoderma and Aspergillus niger original seed, cultivate 140 ~ 150h, 180 ~ 200r/min of shaking speed at a temperature of 30 ~ 35 DEG C, and The spore suspension concentration of detection reaches 1.5 ~ 2.0 × 10⁷Individual/mL, completes the bacterium solution after amplification culture.

A kind of preparation method of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost, it is characterised in that including following step：

（1）Mixing sheep stool ball, rabbit excrement, Kaolin and biogas waste residue, first pass through high temperature sterilize process, are then inoculated with EM bacteria agent and pile up Fermentation 10 ~ 15 days, after the completion of spread solarization out 2 ~ 3 days, add pomace, the Strobilus Pini, leaf of Caulis Sacchari sinensis and other following residues being not directed to into Point, to stir uniform, be put into 60 ~ 70min of steaming and decocting in high-pressure steam sterilizing pan, moistening simultaneously softens raw material, stirs into slag charge；

（2）By High Cellulase Production bacterium solution and the water mixed diluting of 3 ~ 5 times of its times of weight, polyvinyl alcohol and alginic acid are subsequently adding Sodium, stirring and evenly mixing are uniformly sprayed onto（1）On described raw material, the 20 ~ 30min that then constantly stirs is to bacterium solution uniformly dispersing；

（3）Treat（2）After the completion of, rapidly by 2 ~ 4wt%CaCl₂Solution is slowly poured in culture medium, stands 3 ~ 4h crosslinking curings, After last appropriate benefit adds water to water content 60 ~ 65%.

The culture medium of the present invention is used for into the cultivation of Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers., in the case of other conditions identical is guaranteed, relatively in the past The culture medium for using, as a result finds that the culture medium use time of the present invention is longer, and administration of health is more convenient, the incidence rate of pest and disease damage It is low, financial expenditure is saved, economical nearly 10% is lifted.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following weight portion：High yield cellulose Enzyme bacterium solution 10 ~ 15, polyvinyl alcohol 2 ~ 3,2 ~ 4wt%CaCl₂Solution 8 ~ 12, sodium alginate 0.2 ~ 0.4, pomace 20 ~ 30, Strobilus Pini 30 ~ 45, leaf of Caulis Sacchari sinensis 10 ~ 15, rabbit excrement 20 ~ 30, sheep stool ball 25 ~ 35, biogas waste residue 10 ~ 16, EM bacteria agent 1 ~ 3, chitin 2 ~ 5, Mulberry Leaveves 15 ~ 20, Camellia sinensis wood flour 30 ~ 40, fruit and vegerable old leaf 10 ~ 18, Kaolin 10 ~ 16 and appropriate water；

The High Cellulase Production bacterium solution be with 15 ~ 20g/L of straw-like materials, 4 ~ 7 g/L of Semen Tritici aestivi flour, 10 ~ 15 g/L of carbamide, （NH₄）₂SO₄ 10~12 g/L、NH₄NO₃The nutritional solution of 5 ~ 8 g/L is culture medium, and heating makes Semen Tritici aestivi flour gelatinizing, then inoculation ratio Example is 5 ~ 8:1 Li Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger original seed, cultivate 140 ~ 150h at a temperature of 30 ~ 35 DEG C, and shaking speed 180 ~ 200r/min, and the spore suspension concentration for detecting reaches 1.5 ~ 2.0 × 10⁷Individual/mL, completes the bacterium solution after amplification culture.

2. a kind of preparation method of high-efficiency fermenting type Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that include with Under several steps：

（1）Mixing sheep stool ball, rabbit excrement, Kaolin and biogas waste residue, first pass through high temperature sterilize process, are then inoculated with EM bacteria agent and pile up Fermentation 10 ~ 15 days, after the completion of spread solarization out 2 ~ 3 days, add pomace, the Strobilus Pini, leaf of Caulis Sacchari sinensis and other following residues being not directed to into Point, to stir uniform, be put into 60 ~ 70min of steaming and decocting in high-pressure steam sterilizing pan, moistening simultaneously softens raw material, stirs into slag charge；

（2）By High Cellulase Production bacterium solution and the water mixed diluting of 3 ~ 5 times of its times of weight, polyvinyl alcohol and alginic acid are subsequently adding Sodium, stirring and evenly mixing are uniformly sprayed onto（1）On described raw material, the 20 ~ 30min that then constantly stirs is to bacterium solution uniformly dispersing；

（3）Treat（2）After the completion of, rapidly by 2 ~ 4wt%CaCl₂Solution is slowly poured in culture medium, stands 3 ~ 4h crosslinking curings, most After appropriate benefit adds water to water content 60 ~ 65% afterwards.