CN1065416C - 带有添加蔬菜的谷物食品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
带有添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品,是通过把含水量较高的谷物、蔬菜和脂肪的混合物烹调-挤出而制做的。
Description
本发明的主题是带添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品和制备这类谷物食品的方法。
已知有多种方法,通过烹调-挤出来制备速食谷物食品,特别是婴儿食品。
WO 93/17592(SCHAAF TECHNOLOGIE GMBH)中描述了一种制备速食谷物食品,特别是带添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品的方法,其中,在130~160℃烹调-挤出一种谷物食品的混合物,可以向其中加入例如干蔬菜和菜泥,并且该混合物含水量为19-22%,经烹调-挤出的混合物一经从挤出模挤出就在膨胀室内立即膨胀,经烹调-挤出的混合物从膨胀室出来时被切成小片,在小片上有开口孔,这些小片能够用于诸如婴儿速食谷物食品的混合物中。
本发明的目的是提供一种带添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品,它不会一接触液体就散开,相反地在比较长的一段时间内仍保持松脆。
为此目的,依据本发明的带添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品含有,按干物质重量百分比计,2-90%,优选2-50%的蔬菜,8~96%的谷物,优选为48~96%,2-15%的添加脂,0~1%钙盐,0~1%氯化钠,0~5%的添加蛋白物质和0~1.5%增色剂,并且其表观密度为100~500克/升,优选为200~500克/升,而含水量为1.5-15%。
同样地,在制备依据本发明的带添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品的方法中,一种含水量在大于23和70%(重量)之间的混合物在一挤出机中烹调挤出,该混合物含有,按重量份数计,9~110份,优选为50-110份谷物,7~300份,优选为7-170份的蔬菜泥,0~20份的蔬菜粉,2-15份的添加脂,0-1%的钙盐,0~1%的NaCl,0-5%的添加蛋白物质和0~1.5%的增色剂,该混合物在挤出机中被烹调-挤出,在混合物离开挤出机之前抽出一定量的蒸汽和/或让其逸出,从而使烹调-挤出过的混合物从挤出机出来后的含水量为15~23%,烹调-挤出的混合物一出挤出机即被切割并被干燥。
已经注意到:具有这些特征的带添加蔬菜的本发明谷物食品,以及能够生产这种带添加蔬菜的谷物食品的本发明方法,惊人地达到了发明的目的。
这些带有添加蔬菜的谷物食品能够直接地食用,或者作为主要的成分,制做含有牛奶或酸乳酪的甜点心,muesli,麦片粥或速食汤,它们在每种情形中,既使在冷、热或例如甚至在煮沸的液体中几分钟之后仍保有明显的松脆性。
这是由于它们具有较低的孔隙率,表面不开孔,较高的表观密度和较坚实的结构,在接触到液体后只是慢慢的软化,特别是由于它们含有油脂。
在本发明的带有添加蔬菜的谷物食品中,淀粉的糊化度优选为50~92%,特别优选70-90%。淀粉的这种糊化度实际上有利于在本发明的谷物食品被浸入液体中并吸收该液体时,给它们提供抗软化的能力,而同时又充分赋予它们速溶的特性。
上述的蔬菜可以是任何带叶的蔬菜,果食蔬菜、根茎蔬菜、种子蔬菜或块茎蔬菜,只要它含有大量的蔬菜纤维,例如菠菜、菜豆、碗豆、小扁豆、胡萝卜或薯类,这些蔬菜纤维有助于本发明的带添加蔬菜的谷物食品质地坚固。
上述谷物可以用任何谷物,特别是面筋含量较低的任何谷物,例如玉米,或大米。
上述添加脂的目的在于,一方面便于切下烹调-挤出混合物,另一方面,能通过减少复水量,即通过避免水份进入淀粉基体中过快,增强和稳定住本发明的带添加蔬菜的谷物食品的质地。为此,上述添加脂优选为熔点大于约35℃并且有良好抗氧化性的植物或动物油,例如,氢化的棕榈油。
上述钙盐可以是任何可食用的钙盐,能够有助于切片的质地坚固,特别是例如碳酸钙或磷酸钙。
上述添加蛋白物质是用于增强本发明的带添加蔬菜的谷物食品的结构,并减少复水量。为此目的,上述添加蛋白物质可以是例如酪朊酸盐或谷蛋白。优选为酪朊酸钠和酪朊酸钙的混合物,前者比后者易于溶解,但后者对本发明的带添加蔬菜的谷物食品的硬度影响比前者大。
上述增色剂可以是被认可食用的任何增色剂,特别是婴儿食品中所用的,具体地说例如从诸如红辣椒等的香料中浸提的香精油。
为了实现依据本发明的方法,可以使用单螺杆-或双-螺杆挤出机,转速为200~500转/分,其机身在上游有一个或多个供料进口,在下游段至少有一个蒸汽释放或排出口,并有一夹套用于例如加热液体的循环。这种挤出机可以设置一模板,具有圆形截面的一个或多个出口,或具有容易辨认特点的形状,例如星形,小兔或胡萝卜形出口,直径约为1~10mm,以及一转动切刀,其刀片抵在例如上述出口处而滑动。
因此,能够用这种挤出机烹调-挤出的混合物的含水量在大于23和70%之间,优选在大于23%和60%重量之间。这种较高含水量的目的在于,与上述2-10%的添加脂和上述蔬菜纤维共同作用,防止刚从挤出机-出来的混合物膨胀。
要烹调-挤出的混合物的这种水含量主要由上述成菜泥形式的蔬菜提供,换言之,通过例如铰磨而使新鲜的或冷冻的蔬菜成为菜泥的形式提供。但是本发明的谷物食品的蔬菜干物质因此也可以通过提供成粉状的上述蔬菜进行调整,即用例如脱水和磨碎的方法制成的粉状蔬菜粉。
在混合物从挤出机出来之前应该使一定量的蒸汽逸出,从而使经烹调一挤出混合物的含水量在出来之后为15~23%,优选为17~23%。事实上,如果烹调-挤出的混合物的含水量大于23%,就存在它从挤出机出来后不能切割的危险,因为它会粘在转动切刀的刀片上。而如果经烹调-挤出的混合物的含水量小于15%,或即使是小于17%,又可能使混合物从挤出机一出来后过度膨胀,减弱和动摇本发明的带添加蔬菜的谷物食品的质地。
可以把上述混合物在140°~250℃烹调-挤出,优选的温度在大于160℃和200℃之间,20-60秒,压力10-100巴。之所以推荐这种比较高的温度范围是为了在混合物从挤出机出来之前良好的抽出和/或良好的逸出蒸汽,之所以推荐比较短的持续时间是为了使混合物所含的淀粉的糊化度低于100%,特别是为了获得上述优选的50~92%的糊化度,更为优选的为70-90%。
通过切割刚从挤出机出来的烹制-挤出混合物,能够获得其总的形状为模板出口的截面形状的颗粒。因此,能够得到球状的颗粒,或其总的形状具有易于辨认的特点,例如星形、小兔或者例如胡萝卜形。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中,这种颗粒被压成片状。为此,可以使用带有几个可调整间隙和施加压力的轧辊的滚轧机。优选把上述颗粒滚轧成厚0.5至2mm的片状。
在常压下或减压条件下,使用例如热空气干燥器,能够将颗粒或片状形式的本发明的带添加蔬菜的谷物食品最终干燥至残余含水量为1.5~15%,优选为3~10%。
因此这些带添加蔬菜的谷物食品能够直接食用或者作为主要成分来制做含有牛奶或酸乳酪的甜点心、muesli、麦片粥或速食汤。但也可以按整个谷物食品的形式提供,在其表面上粘着其它配料。在烹调-挤出后添加上例如籽,特别是芝麻粒、香料、调味品和/或例如速溶汤或清汤的传统的基本成份。
下文中的实施例说明依据本发明的带蔬菜的谷物食品和用于制备带蔬菜的谷物食品的方法。这里百分比和份数是指重量。
实施例1
一种双螺杆挤出机,长1.2m,连续供入有各种成分、含水量为28.7%的混合物。
挤出机机身的上游有几个供料进口,在下游有一个蒸汽释放口,并且有一夹套用于加热液体的循环。挤出机模板有两个直径3mm截面为圆形的出口。各种组份是在挤出机本身内进行混合的。
各种组份,其水份含量,其供料速度和其干物质(DM)在全部干物质(DMtot)中所占的百分比列于下表中:
表1成份 水含量(%) 流量(kg/h) DM/DMtot(%)玉米粉 11 80 86.9胡萝卜泥 92 27 2.7氢化棕榈油 - 8 9.8增色剂(10% - 0.5 0.6红辣椒油+90%油)
挤出机螺杆的转速为350转/分。烹调-挤出在195℃、28巴下进行30秒,同时使一定量的蒸汽逸出从而使烹调-挤出后的混合物的含水量为16%。
从模板出来的经烹调-挤出混合物的布丁用一施转切刀切成直径约4mm的颗粒,旋转切刀的刀片抵在出口处滑动。
颗粒在直径20cm转速500转/分的辊子之间被滚轧,同时辊子的表面温度保持在20℃,施加在辊子上的压力为24巴。
经滚轧的颗粒被干燥至含水量为5%。
所得到的松脆片厚度1.0~1.4毫米,具有很好的桔黄色-胡萝卜色,糊化度为75%而表现密度为330克/升。
其形状,其尺寸和其松脆性即使在冷、热或者甚至在沸腾的液体中几分钟之后仍然保持得很好。
实施例2
长1.2m的双螺杆挤出机,连续供入含水量为29.8%的混合物的各种组份。
挤出机机身上游段有几个供料进口,在下游有一个蒸汽释放口,以及一个用于加热液体循环的夹套。挤出机模板有圆形截面直径3mm的两个出口。各种组份的混合是在挤出机本身内进行的。
各种组份,其含水量、其供料速度和其干物质(DM)在混合物中全部干物质(DMtot)中所占的百分比列于下面的表2中:
表2成份 水含量(%) 流量(kg/h) DM/DMtot(%)玉米粉 11 80 77.3红色菜豆泥 72 41.9 12.7氢化棕榈油 - 8 8.7增色剂(10% - 1.2 1.3红辣椒油+90%油)
挤出机螺杆转速为350转/分。烹调-挤出在190℃在28巴压力下进行30秒,同时抽出一定量的蒸汽,使经过烹调-挤出的混合物的含水量为20%。
从挤出模板出来的烹调-挤出过的布丁用一旋转切刀切成直径约4mm的颗粒,旋转切刀的刀片抵在出口处滑动。
颗粒在直径20cm转速500转/分的辊子之间被滚轧,同时辊子的表面温度保持在20℃,施加在辊子上的压力为24巴。
经滚轧的颗粒被干燥至其含水量为8%。
所得到的松脆片厚度1.0~1.5mm,具有褐-红色、72%的糊化度和300克/升的表观密度。
其形状、其尺寸和其松脆性即使在冷、热或者甚至在沸腾的液体中几分钟之后仍然保持得很好。
实施例3-5
使用与例1中所述相近的那些操作条件,但是除了挤出机模板的出口形状为星形、小兔或胡萝卜形,并且从模板出来的经烹调-挤出的混合物布丁条被切成颗粒但不滚轧,所制备的带添加蔬菜的谷物食品各自的组成列于下面的表3中。数字代表颗粒的全部干物质(DMtot)中每种组份的干物质(DM)的百分比。
表3成分 例3 例4 例5玉米粉 77.46 86.5 80.45红色菜豆泥 13.3 - -胡萝卜泥 - 3.25 -绿豌豆泥 - - 10.0氢化棕榈油 8.8 9.75 9.1碳酸钙 0.44 - 0.45酷朊酸钙 - 0.25 -酪朊酸钠 0.25 -
所有这些松脆的颗粒,其形状为星形、小兔或胡萝卜形,其颜色为其所含有蔬菜的颜色,糊化度为70~90%,表观密度为200~450克/升,含水量为5~8%。
其形状,其尺寸和其松脆性既使在冷、热或者甚至在沸腾的液体中几分钟后仍然能保持得很好。
实施例6
按例4和5制备的带添加胡萝卜和带添加绿色豌豆的松脆颗粒的混合物,用在一种干组合食品中,其用量为50%的重量,另一半的构成为:酸化奶粉 67%爪耳树胶 1.5%糖 10.0%盐和香料 1.0%麦芽 9.5%磨碎的椰茸 7.5%柠檬酸 3.5%
这种组合物是被分散在牛奶中食用的。在100克牛奶中分散38克这种组合物,得到一种冷食的、营养丰富并能使人恢复精力的芳香开胃的含奶甜点。
Claims (9)
1.带有添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品,包括,按干物质的重量百分比计,2~90%的蔬菜,8~96%的谷物,2~15%的添加脂,0-1%的钙盐,0~1%的氯化钠,0~5%的添加蛋白物质和0~1.5%的增色剂,其表观密度为100~500克/升,而含水量为1.5~15%。
2.依权利要求1的带有添加蔬菜的谷物食品,其中,淀粉的糊化度为50~92%。
3.依权利要求1的带有添加蔬菜的谷物食品,其中,所述蔬菜是菜豆、豌豆、小扁豆或胡萝卜,所述谷物是玉米或大米,所述钙盐是碳酸钙或磷酸钙,而所述添加蛋白是酪朊酸钠和酪朊酸钙的混合物。
4.依权利要求1的带有添加蔬菜的谷物食品,其为颗粒状或片状。
5.制造带添加蔬菜的速食谷物食品的方法,其中,一种含水量在大于23和70%重量之间的混合物在一挤出机中烹调-挤出,该混合物含有,按重量份数计,9-110份的谷物,7-300份的蔬菜泥,0~20份的蔬菜粉,2-10份的添加脂,0~1%的钙盐,0~1%的氯化钠,0~5%的添加蛋白物质和0~1.5%的增色剂,在混合物从挤出机出来之前将一定量的蒸汽抽出和/或逸出,从而使从挤出机出来之后的经烹调-挤出的混合物的含水量为15~23%,烹调-挤出的混合物一从挤出机出来即被切割和干燥。
6.依权利要求5的方法,其中,所述混合物是在140~250℃,在10~100巴的压力下烹调-挤出20~60秒钟。
7.依权利要求5的方法,其中,烹调-挤出的混合物被切割成颗粒。
8.依权利要求7的方法,其中,所述颗粒被滚轧成厚0.5至2mm的小片。
9.依权利要求5的方法,其中,所述蔬菜是菜豆、豌豆、小扁豆或胡萝卜,所述谷物是玉米或大米,所述钙盐是碳酸钙或磷酸钙,而所述添加蛋白是酪朊酸钠和酪朊酸钙的混合物。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP94810747A EP0717935B1 (fr) | 1994-12-22 | 1994-12-22 | Céréales aux légumes |
EP94810747.9 | 1994-12-22 |
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CN1130991A CN1130991A (zh) | 1996-09-18 |
CN1065416C true CN1065416C (zh) | 2001-05-09 |
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US (1) | US5786020A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0717935B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3153457B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100280904B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1065416C (zh) |
AP (1) | AP700A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR001062A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE199487T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU704430B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9505984A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2165109C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ289494B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69426824T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0717935T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2155468T3 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR3035932T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU221734B1 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY113332A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ280648A (zh) |
OA (1) | OA10205A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL179563B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT717935E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2165714C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG84473A1 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI0717935T1 (zh) |
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ZA (1) | ZA9510925B (zh) |
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JP7316892B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-07-28 | 日清シスコ株式会社 | 膨化食品及びその製造方法 |
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