CN106511641A - 一种具有治疗痛风功效的青梅纳豆组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有治疗痛风功效的青梅纳豆组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有治疗痛风功效的青梅纳豆组合物，其是由青梅提取物、纳豆、葡萄皮提取物、山楂和石榴为有效组分以及在药品和食品中允许使用的辅料组成；其中，青梅提取物，50～300重量份；纳豆粉1～3重量份、葡萄皮提取物1～5重量份、山楂粉5‑30重量份、石榴粉2‑15重量份。应用本发明的组合物对用次黄嘌呤造小鼠高尿酸血症模型进行了实验，结果表明，本发明组合物可以显著降低血尿酸含量，说明该组合物具有治疗痛风功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗痛风功效的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
痛风是一种慢性代谢紊乱疾病，它的主要特点是体内尿酸盐生成过多或肾脏排泄尿酸减少，从而引起血液中尿酸盐浓度升高，临床上称为高尿血酸症。尿酸是嘌呤代谢的终末产物，而嘌呤是由人体细胞分解代谢产生的。血尿酸升高到一定程度后就会在组织，尤其是关节及肾脏中沉积而引起关节炎的反复发作。严重者会造成关节活动障碍或畸形，临床上称为痛风性关节炎。尿酸在肾脏沉积后形成尿酸性肾结石及肾实质损害，临床上称为尿酸性肾病，又叫痛风性肾病，可引起肾绞痛发作、血尿、肾盂积水及肾功能损害，严重者可发生肾功能衰竭及尿毒症，是导致痛风病人死亡的主要原因之一。
痛风与糖尿病一样是终生疾病。关键是自己控制饮食，多食含“嘌呤”低的碱性食物，如瓜果、蔬菜，少食肉、鱼等酸性食物，做到饮食清淡，低脂低糖，多饮水，以利体内尿酸排泄。食疗是一种健康无副作用的治疗方法。
青梅果实中有机酸含量一般在3.0％-6.5％，远远高于一般水果。青梅所含的柠檬酸在各种水果中含量最多，柠檬酸是人体细胞物质代谢不可缺少的重要酸类，它能促进乳酸分解为二氧化碳和水排出体外，恢复疲劳，且有益于钙的吸收。青梅中碱性物质含量大大超过了酸性物质，因此，青梅被誉为典型的强生理碱性食品，能中和酸性食物(粮谷类、蛋黄、肉、鱼、酒、糖等)，使血液呈微碱性，pH值保持在7.3-7.4。已有研究表明对酸性体质和痛风人群改善尤为明显。目前已有一些青梅制品被用于痛风的辅助治疗中，但其疗效尚有待进一步提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗痛风功效的青梅纳豆组合物及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明包括如下技术方案：
一种具有治疗痛风功效的青梅纳豆组合物，其是由青梅提取物、纳豆、葡萄皮提取物、山楂和石榴为有效组分以及在药品和食品中允许使用的辅料组成；其中，青梅提取物，50～300重量份；纳豆粉1～3重量份、葡萄皮提取物1～5重量份、山楂粉5-30重量份、石榴粉2-15重量份。
如上所述的组合物，优选地，所述青梅提取物，100～250重量份；纳豆粉1.5～2.5重量份、葡萄皮提取物1～2重量份、山楂粉15～20重量份、石榴粉5～10重量份。
如上所述的组合物，优选地，所述青梅提取物，220重量份；纳豆粉1.6重量份、葡萄皮提取物1.4重量份、山楂粉17.5重量份、石榴粉7.5重量份。
如上所述的组合物，优选地，所述各组分的制备方法如下：
青梅提取物：青梅，加1-10倍量的水，加热至80-90℃，保温12-36小时，取汁，浓缩，过滤，澄清，喷雾干燥；
纳豆粉：黄豆水蒸煮后，接种纳豆菌发酵，干燥，粉碎，即得；
葡萄皮提取物：葡萄皮使用水提取方法或醇提取方法获得的提取物；
山楂粉：山楂去核后制成的山楂浆，喷雾干燥制得；
石榴粉：石榴榨汁，干燥制得。
如上所述的组合物，优选地，所述在药品和食品中允许使用的辅料选自木糖醇、山梨糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、异麦芽酮糖、甘露醇、淀粉、糊精、微晶纤维素、乳糖、羟丙甲基纤维素、魔芋粉、硬脂酸镁中的一种或几种。
另一方面，本发明提供如上所述的组合物的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
取所述有效组分与0.5-4倍有效组分重量的辅料均匀混合；加入75-95％的乙醇溶液做润湿剂制软材，过筛制粒；湿颗粒在35-75℃下通风干燥；过筛整粒，即得。
又一方面，本发明提供如上所述的组合物在制备具有治疗痛风功效的保健食品和药品中的应用。
如上所述的应用，优选地，所述的组合物以有效组分的总量计，口服剂量为5-25g/天。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明的治疗痛风组合物选用青梅及其它四种药食两用成分经合理配伍而成，各组分协同作用，其降低尿酸功效显著高于单味药物。应用本发明的组合物对用次黄嘌呤造小鼠高尿酸血症模型进行了实验，实验表明，本发明组合物可以明显减少30min、2hr血尿酸含量，说明该组合物具有较佳的治疗痛风功效。
具体实施方式
本发明的主要原料为青梅、纳豆、葡萄皮、山楂和石榴。
青梅性味甘平，可入肝、脾、肺、大肠，有收敛生津作用。现代医学研究表明，青梅具有以下功效：1.消除疲劳，增加活力。青梅的果实富含的柠檬酸等有机酸具有增进食欲，恢复体力，消除疲劳等功效。同时能改善便秘，安神，解烦。青梅果实中含有大量的天然优质柠檬酸能促进三羧酸循环，迅速将疲劳元素排出体外，最大限度地产生能量，使食物能完全燃烧。2.抗肿瘤，清除血液垃圾。青梅的果实含有丰富的柠檬酸和苹果酸，酸味极强，这些有机酸不仅能把血液中积存的乳酸排除体外，而且还能抑制新的乳酸产生，达到清洁血液的作用，而丰富的VB2又具有防止癌变的作用。3.显著改善肠胃功能。梅实中的儿茶酸能促进肠子蠕动和调理肠子，同时又有促进收缩肠壁的作用，对便秘有显著功效。其酸味能刺激唾液腺、胃腺等分泌消化液，促进消化，滋润肠胃，改善肠胃功能，并促进肠道的吸收。4.保护肝脏。青梅含有的硫化合物是一种抗氧化活性的物质，可抑制脂质过氧化物对膜结构的损伤。青梅果实中含有丙酮酸和齐墩果酸等活性物质对肝脏有保护作用，能提高肝脏的解毒功能，增强人体解食毒、水毒、血毒的能力，故有“人体卫士”之称。5.抗菌、驱虫、抗过敏作用。6.延缓衰老，保持美容。青梅含有丰富的有机酸和矿物质，尤其是含有的钙等能预防老人骨质疏松。梅制品能使唾液腺分泌更多的腮腺激素，常被称为“返老还童素”，它可以使血管及全身组织年轻化作用，并能促进皮肤细胞新陈代谢，起到美肌、美发效果；还可促进激素分泌物活化，从而达到延缓衰老的作用。
纳豆是大豆经纳豆菌发酵而成，即老百姓平时做的“酱豆”。纳豆中的纳豆激酶、纳豆异黄酮、皂青素、维生素K2以及皂青素具有改善便秘、降低血脂、预防大肠癌、降低胆固醇、软化血管、预防高血压和动脉硬化等功能。
葡萄性平，味甘酸，无毒，历代中医均把它奉为补血佳品，常食葡萄可舒缓神经衰弱，减轻疲劳，还可滋补肝肾、强筋壮骨，对心悸盗汗、干咳少痰、腰酸腿痛、筋骨无力、脾虚气弱、四肢水肿以及小便不利等症也均有疗效。葡萄皮中含有的青花素比果肉还多，青花素是一种类黄酮物质，能够降低血压、血糖，还能促进血中的高密度脂蛋白升高，从而降低血液中有害胆固醇的含量，并能保护人体器官和组织，防治心脏病、癌症、早衰、糖尿病、动脉硬化等100多种由自由基所引起的疾病。葡萄皮当中还含有一种叫做白藜芦的抗氧化物质，该成份可降低血液粘稠度，抑制血小板凝结和血管舒张，预防血栓形成，对冠心病，缺血性心脏病，高血脂均有防治作用。还能够预防肿瘤形成，具有雌激素样作用，可用于治疗乳腺癌等疾病。
山楂味酸、甘，性微温。归脾、胃、肝经，消食健胃，行气散瘀，有扩张冠状动脉、舒张血管、降脂、降压、强心的作用。临床研究证实，山楂能显著降低血清胆固醇及甘油三酯，有效防治动脉粥样硬化；山楂还能通过增强心肌收缩力、增加心输出量、扩张冠状动脉血管、增加冠脉血流量、降低心肌耗氧量等起到强心和预防心绞痛的作用。此外，山楂中的总黄酮有扩张血管和持久降压的作用。
石榴性温、味甘，入肺、肾、大肠经；具有生津止渴，收敛固涩，止泻止血的功效；主治口燥咽干，烦渴，久泻，久痢，便血，崩漏等病症。红石榴中含有大量的石榴多酚和花青素，抗氧化性高出绿茶3倍，更是维生素C的20倍，能有效中和自由基，促进新陈代谢、排出毒素。有助消化、软化血管、降压、降脂、降胆固醇等多种功能，有健胃提神、增强食欲、益寿延年之功效。
以下例举本发明提供的具有治疗痛风功效的组合物几种具体实施例，这些实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
以下实施例中所使用的提取物的制备方法如下：
(1)青梅提取物：
青梅去核，加5倍量的水，加热至85℃，保温14小时，取汁，真空浓缩，筛滤机过滤，澄清，喷雾干燥。
(2)纳豆粉：
黄豆水蒸煮后，接种纳豆菌发酵，干燥，粉碎，即得。
(3)葡萄皮提取物：
葡萄皮加5倍量的水，加热回流10小时，分离提取液，蒸除水，干燥制得。
(4)山楂粉：
山楂去核后制成的山楂浆，喷雾干燥制得。
(5)石榴粉：
石榴榨汁，除水干燥制得。
实施例1：具有治疗痛风功效的组合物(一)
(1)原料组成：青梅提取物，220重量份；纳豆粉，1.6重量份；葡萄皮提取物1.4重量份；山楂粉17.5重量份；石榴粉7.5重量份；乳糖，10重量份；麦芽糊精，114重量份。
(2)制备步骤：
取上述原料均匀混合；加入85％的乙醇溶液做润湿剂制软材，过筛制粒；湿颗粒在50℃下通风干燥；过筛整粒，即得。
实施例2：具有治疗痛风功效的组合物(二)
(1)原料组成：青梅提取物，200重量份；纳豆粉，2重量份；葡萄皮提取物2重量份；山楂粉20重量份；石榴粉10重量份；乳糖，10重量份；麦芽糊精，107重量份。
(2)制备步骤：
取上述原料均匀混合；加入85％的乙醇溶液做润湿剂制软材，过筛制粒；湿颗粒在50℃下通风干燥；过筛整粒，即得。
实施例3：具有治疗痛风功效的组合物(三)
(1)原料组成：青梅提取物，200重量份；纳豆粉，1.5重量份；葡萄皮提取物1重量份；山楂粉16重量份；石榴粉5.5重量份；乳糖，10重量份；麦芽糊精，102重量份。
(2)制备步骤：
取上述原料均匀混合；加入85％的乙醇溶液做润湿剂制软材，过筛制粒；湿颗粒在50℃下通风干燥；过筛整粒，即得。
比较例1
(1)原料组成：青梅提取物，200重量份；乳糖，10重量份；麦芽糊精，90重量份。
(2)制备步骤：
取上述原料均匀混合；加入85％的乙醇溶液做润湿剂制软材，过筛制粒；湿颗粒在50℃下通风干燥；过筛整粒，即得。
实验例1青梅、纳豆组合物对痛风小鼠的作用
一.试验原理：
研究青梅组合产品辅助改善痛风小鼠的作用。
二.试验材料：
供试品：实施例1-3制备的组合物，比较例1制备的组合物。
人服用每日标准剂量：实施例1-3制备的组合物、比较例1制备的组合物17.16g。
阳性药物：别嘌醇片，北京优华药业有限公司生产，产品批号：1401206；
化学试剂：次黄嘌呤购自北京化学试剂公司，尿酸试剂盒购自北京中生试剂公司。
实验动物：ICR小鼠购自北京维通利华有限公司，合格证号：SCXK(京)2014-0001，雄性。饲养于中国医学科学院药用植物研究所SPF级动物房，动物房温度20～26℃，相对湿度40～70％。
仪器：台式高速低温离心机(Sigma，3K30型)，微孔板扫描酶标仪(美国基因公司)等。
三.试验方法：
对高尿酸血症小鼠的预防作用：采用小鼠，共设15组，正常对照、模型对照、阳性药物对照(别嘌醇片35mg/kg)、实施例1-3组合物、比较例1组合物低、中、高剂量分别为0.6、1.2、2.4g/kg，分别相当于人用量的5、10、20倍。每组10只，提前给予青梅产品7天后，用次黄嘌呤(1000mg/kg)来造小鼠高尿酸血症模型，分别于30分钟、2小时后采血，和对照组比较血清尿酸的差异。
四.统计方法
计量资料数据用平均值±标准误(mean±standard error)表示，各组间差异比较采用t检验，由EXCEL统计软件完成。p＜0.05为有显著差异，p＜0.01为有极显著差异。
五.试验结果：
提前给予实施例1-3、比较例1组合物对血中尿酸的影响：
表1提前给予青梅产品对痛风小鼠尿酸含量(mg/ml)的影响
与正常对照组比较，##p＜0.01，有极显著性差异
与模型对照组比较，*p＜0.05，有显著性差异；**p＜0.01，有极显著性差异
六、结论
小鼠痛风造模后，血中尿酸浓度显著增加。将含单方青梅的比较例1(2.4g/kg)进行预防给药10天后，进行功能实验，与模型对照组比较，可以明显减少30min、2hr血尿酸含量的37.7％、40.2％。与单独使用青梅相比较，实施例1-3产品效果更显著而持久。造模后30min，与模型对照组比较，实施例1高剂量组可以明显减少88.5％(p＜0.01)的血尿酸含量。2h后，与模型对照组比较，实施例1高剂量可以明显减少79.3％(p＜0.01)的血尿酸含量。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有治疗痛风功效的青梅纳豆组合物，其特征在于，其是由青梅提取物、纳豆、葡萄皮提取物、山楂和石榴为有效组分以及在药品和食品中允许使用的辅料组成；其中，青梅提取物，50～300重量份；纳豆粉1～3重量份、葡萄皮提取物1～5重量份、山楂粉5-30重量份、石榴粉2-15重量份。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述青梅提取物，100～250重量份；纳豆粉1.5～2.5重量份、葡萄皮提取物1～2重量份、山楂粉15～20重量份、石榴粉5～10重量份。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述青梅提取物，220重量份；纳豆粉1.6重量份、葡萄皮提取物1.4重量份、山楂粉17.5重量份、石榴粉7.5重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述各组分的制备方法如下：
青梅提取物：青梅，加1-10倍量的水，加热至80-90℃，保温12-36小时，取汁，浓缩，过滤，澄清，喷雾干燥；
纳豆粉：黄豆水蒸煮后，接种纳豆菌发酵，干燥，粉碎，即得；
葡萄皮提取物：葡萄皮使用水提取方法或醇提取方法获得的提取物；
山楂粉：山楂去核后制成的山楂浆，喷雾干燥制得；
石榴粉：石榴榨汁，干燥制得。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的组合物，其特征在于，所述在药品和食品中允许使用的辅料选自木糖醇、山梨糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、异麦芽酮糖、甘露醇、淀粉、糊精、微晶纤维素、乳糖、羟丙甲基纤维素、魔芋粉、硬脂酸镁中的一种或几种。
6.一种权利要求1-5中任一项所述的组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
取所述有效组分与0.5-4倍有效组分重量的辅料均匀混合；加入75-95％的乙醇溶液做润湿剂制软材，过筛制粒；湿颗粒在35-75℃下通风干燥；过筛整粒，即得。
7.权利要求1-5任一项所述的组合物在制备具有治疗痛风功效的保健食品和药品中的应用。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的组合物以有效组分的总量计，口服剂量为5-25g/天。
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