CN106729518A - 一种降血压的茶饮料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种降血压的茶饮料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于保健饮品制备领域，具体涉及一种降血压的茶饮料及其制备方法与应用。所述的降血压的茶饮料由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：红枣10～20份；生姜9～15份；山楂9～15份；普洱熟茶3～6份；红糖3～8份；水550～1100份。本发明制得的降血压的茶饮料除产品本身的构成成分，不添加防腐剂、调色剂、调味剂等任何食品添加剂，本色味道，本色色泽，风味独特，天然，绿色，安全；具有降血压、降血脂、补血等辅助治疗心脑血管疾病的功效，亦可以用于预防高血压、高血脂、贫血等心脑血管疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健饮品制备领域，具体涉及一种降血压的茶饮料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
高血压是一种以动脉收缩压或舒张压升高为特征的临床综合症，它常伴有心脏、血管、脑和肾脏等器管和结构等全身性疾病。高血压患病主体越来越年轻化，并逐渐由城市波及到农村，患病率呈逐年增加的趋势。国家卫计委疾控局和中国高血压联盟统计报告：中国18岁以上成年人中，高血压患者超过3亿人；有6～7亿的中国成年人“血压不理想”。新加坡《联合早报》，2016年10月8日以“中国四个成年人就有一个血压高”为题报道说：“据北京晚报报道，专家表示，目前中国18岁以上成人的高血压患病率为25.2％。”
针对高血压的治疗主要有非药物治疗和药物治疗两类，前者主要是指通过改变生活方式，以消除引起的血压升高和其他心血管的危害因素，而控制进盐量、饮酒量、控制体重、适当做运动时治疗轻度高血压的重要措施。后者是通过药物，可以作用于影响血压调节的任一环节而使血压下降。
目前，高血压尚缺乏根治药物，临床上治疗以西药为主，但存在头晕、头痛等副作用。治疗高血压的西药主要有以下几类：
(1)利尿降压药，最主要的是曝嗦类，有氢氯噬嗦、氯曝嗦、氯曝酮等；
(2)交感神经抑制剂，包括肾上腺素受体阻滞药(如呱哇嗦、普蔡洛尔、拉贝洛尔、地来洛尔、塞利洛尔、卡维地尔等)、交感神经末梢抑制药(如利血平、肌乙睫、倍他尼定、异哇肌等)和中枢性交感神经抑制药(如利美尼定、莫索尼定等)；
(3)肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统抑制药，如卡托普利、依那普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、苯那普利、雷米普利、氯沙坦、撷沙坦、厄贝沙坦等；
(4)作用于离子通道的药物，如硝苯地平、维拉帕米、非洛地平等；
(5)血管扩张药，如脱屈嗓、双脱屈嗦、阱苯达嗦、乙脐苯达嗦等；
(6)其他抗压药，如内皮素、乌拉地尔、酮色林、神经肽NPY等。
然而，以上药物存在以下弊端：(1)使血管脆化，促使脑溢血爆发；(2)治标不治本，加速血管淤阻；(3)扩张血管药，老化副作用严重；(4)长期服用西药，其需要经过肝肾代谢，严重伤害肝肾，产生各种病变，而且西药治疗高血压需要很严格的饮食禁忌。
随着人们对保健营养抗衰老等方面的要求不断的提高，迫使人们寻找更为安全的降血压药物。鉴于中药的安全性、有效性相比西药有一定优势，从天然中药中筛选、提取有效的降压成分成为高血压新药开发的重要途径之一。现有市场上有部分辅助治疗降血压的茶饮是在普通茶叶中加入中草药，但是普通茶叶中含有大量鞣酸，很容易与生物碱发生不溶性沉淀，而很多中药的有效成分都是生物碱，其他像元胡、大蓟、小蓟、川牛膝、曼陀罗等有效成分也主要是生物碱，因此在普通茶叶中加入中草药治疗高血压因为存在解药性，所以效果不是很好。目前，国内缺乏一种能预防和有效降低高血压、安全没有副作用而且能够根治高血压的中药药品、食品、饮品。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于克服现有技术的不足与缺点，提供一种降血压的茶饮料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述降血压的茶饮料的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述降血压的茶饮料的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料，优选由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的红枣优选为无核红枣；
所述的生姜亦可替换为干姜；所述的干姜的质量份为3～5份；
所述的干姜的质量份优选为3.4份；
所述的红糖亦可替换为蔗糖、甜菊糖和糖醇中的至少一种；
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(1)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎，混合后加入500～1000质量份的水进行熬煮，熬煮至水分剩余1/3～3/5质量，过滤，收集滤液；然后加入红糖，混合均匀，得到混合液；
(2)将普洱熟茶用50～100质量份的开水浸泡15min～2h，过滤，得到茶液；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合液与步骤(2)制得的茶液混合均匀，得到降血压的茶饮料；
或(Ⅰ)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎；
(Ⅱ)将步骤(Ⅰ)切碎后的山楂、红枣和生姜与普洱熟茶和红糖混合，然后加入550～1100质量份的水进行熬煮，熬煮至水分剩余1/3～3/5质量；过滤，收集滤液，得到降血压的茶饮料；
步骤(1)中所述的熬煮优选为文火熬煮；
步骤(1)中所述的熬煮的时间优选为1～3h；
步骤(1)中所述的熬煮的时间进一步优选为2h；
步骤(1)中所述的熬煮优选在不锈钢汤煲或沙煲中进行；
步骤(2)中所述的浸泡的时间优选为30min；
步骤(Ⅱ)中所述的熬煮优选为文火熬煮；
步骤(Ⅱ)中所述的熬煮的时间优选为1～3h；
步骤(Ⅱ)中所述的熬煮的时间进一步优选为2h；
步骤(Ⅱ)中所述的熬煮优选在不锈钢汤煲或沙煲中进行；
所述的降血压的茶饮料可进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料；
所述的降血压的茶饮料即可热饮也可自然冷却后冷饮；
本发明的原理：
红枣味甘，性温；归脾胃经；具有补中益气、养血安神、缓和药性的功效。其中，红枣富含多种维生素，包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素B6、维生素P、胡萝卜素、维生素E和烟酸等；红枣也是优质的的矿物质来源，主要含有钙、钾、铁、镁、锌等；此外，红枣还富含酸类化合物、三萜类物质、环核苷酸、多糖等生物活性成分；因此，红枣具有提高机体免疫能力、促进细胞生长、延缓细胞衰老、增强睡眠、抗肿癌、镇咳、祛痰等疗效。红枣所含的芦丁，能使血管软化，从而降低血压，对高血压病有防治功效；红枣富含的环磷酸腺苷，是人体能量代谢的必需物质，能增强肌力、消除疲劳、扩张血管、增加心肌收缩力、改善心肌营养，对防治心血管疾病有良好的作用。
生姜味辛，性微温；归肺、脾、胃经；具有解表散寒、温中止呕、温肺止咳、解毒、扩张血管的功效，常用于风寒感冒，脾胃寒症，胃寒呕吐，肺寒咳嗽，解鱼蟹毒。
山楂性温，味甘，酸；归肝，脾，胃经；具有消食健胃、行气散瘀等功效。山楂富含黄酮类、黄烷及其聚合物类、三萜类和有机酸类等多种化学成分，主要具有降血脂、保肝、降压、助消化、强心、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌等作用。
普洱熟茶，茶性温和，具有降压、降低血脂、减肥、抑菌助消化、养胃、暖胃、生津、止渴、醒酒解毒等多种功效。可清胃生津、消食化痰、利尿散寒，止咳化痰、降低血脂胆固醇。
本发明根据中医药和现代医药理论，将红枣、生姜、山楂和普洱熟茶四种组分合理配伍，科学配比，通过科学加工，使得红枣、生姜、山楂和普洱熟茶的有效成分得到最大化的利用，使不同的有效活性成分产生协同增效作用，极大地激发了有效活性物质的药性，制得的降血压的茶饮料可以清通血管、降低血液浓稠度，可以预防血小板凝集，降低血液的粘稠度，减少动脉硬化和血栓的形成，对降血压降血脂有明显效果，可减少心脑血管疾病的发生。此外，还可以清通肠道，对胆肾结石有一定的效果。该茶饮料既可以适用于高血压的人群，也可用于无高血压者的可预防性饮用，长期饮用本茶饮料可以预防动脉粥样硬化血管老化，预防高血压、高血糖、高血脂、贫血等，可以较好地预防心脑血管疾病的发生。
此外，本发明在上述基础上，添加另一重要组分红糖，其中，红糖性温、味甘、入脾，具有益气补血、健脾暖胃、缓中止痛、活血化淤、祛寒等功效，该原料组分的添加除了可以改善茶饮料口感和味道外，相对于其他改善茶饮料口感和味道的原料组分(例如，蔗糖)，可以进一步提高茶饮料功效。
本发明相对于现有药品、食品、饮品及其相应的制备技术，具有如下独特的优点和效果：
(1)本发明以普洱熟茶以及药食同源的红枣、生姜、山楂为主要原料，制得的降血压的茶饮料，除产品本身的构成成分，不添加防腐剂、调色剂、调味剂等任何食品添加剂，本色味道，本色色泽，风味独特，天然，绿色，安全，没有副作用。
(2)本发明制得的降血压的茶饮料具有降血压、降血脂、补血等辅助治疗心脑血管疾病的功效，亦可以用于预防高血压、高血脂、贫血等心脑血管疾病。
(3)本发明制得的降血压的茶饮料作为保健饮品，在辅助治疗高血压、高血脂以及预防心脑血管病这两方面，填补了国内外市场的重大空白。
(4)本发明制得的降血压的茶饮料顺应和契合了目前中国绝大多数人的用药保健理念：无添加、无副作用、原生态草本。目前中国和世界市场，缺乏真正有效纯中药草本、无副作用的辅助治疗高血压、高血脂的食品，本品作为饮品(食品)填补了此项空白。
(5)同时，中国和世界市场也同样没有一种使用方便、安全有效，真正纯中药草本、无副作用的可以预防心脑血管疾病的饮品(食品)，本产品作为茶饮料填补了此项空白。
(6)本发明制备方法简单，成本低，适于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例中的原料组分红枣为无核红枣；
实施例1
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(1)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎，混合后加入750质量份的水在沙煲中进行文火熬煮2h，熬煮至水分剩余1/3质量，过滤，收集滤液；然后加入红糖，混合均匀，得到混合液；
(2)将普洱熟茶用80质量份的开水浸泡30min，过滤，得到茶液；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合液与步骤(2)制得的茶液混合均匀，得到降血压的茶饮料；
(4)将步骤(3)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
实施例2
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(1)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎，混合后加入500质量份的水在不锈钢汤煲中进行文火熬煮1h，熬煮至水分剩余3/5质量，过滤，收集滤液；然后加入红糖，混合均匀，得到混合液；
(2)将普洱熟茶用50质量份的开水浸泡15min，过滤，得到茶液；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合液与步骤(2)制得的茶液混合均匀，得到降血压的茶饮料；
(4)将步骤(3)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
实施例3
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(1)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎，混合后加入1000质量份的水在沙煲中进行文火熬煮3h，熬煮至水分剩余2/5质量，过滤，收集滤液；然后加入红糖，混合均匀，得到混合液；
(2)将普洱熟茶用100质量份的开水浸泡2h，过滤，得到茶液；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合液与步骤(2)制得的茶液混合均匀，得到降血压的茶饮料；
(4)将步骤(3)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
实施例4
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(1)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎，混合后加入750质量份的水在沙煲中进行文火熬煮2h，熬煮至水分剩余1/3质量，过滤，收集滤液；然后加入蔗糖，混合均匀，得到混合液；
(2)将普洱熟茶用80质量份的开水浸泡30min，过滤，得到茶液；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合液与步骤(2)制得的茶液混合均匀，得到降血压的茶饮料；
(4)将步骤(3)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
实施例5
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(Ⅰ)将山楂、红枣和干姜分别切碎；
(Ⅱ)将步骤(Ⅰ)切碎后的山楂、红枣和干姜与普洱熟茶和红糖混合，然后加入830质量份的水在沙煲中进行文火熬煮2h，熬煮至水分剩余1/3质量；过滤，收集滤液，得到降血压的茶饮料；
(Ⅲ)将步骤(Ⅱ)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
实施例6
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(Ⅰ)将山楂、红枣和干姜分别切碎；
(Ⅱ)将步骤(Ⅰ)切碎后的山楂、红枣和干姜与普洱熟茶和红糖混合，然后加入550质量份的水在不锈钢汤煲中进行文火熬煮1h，熬煮至水分剩余3/5质量；过滤，收集滤液，得到降血压的茶饮料；
(Ⅲ)将步骤(Ⅱ)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
实施例7
一种降血压的茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(Ⅰ)将山楂、红枣和干姜分别切碎；
(Ⅱ)将步骤(Ⅰ)切碎后的山楂、红枣和干姜与普洱熟茶和红糖混合，然后加入1100质量份的水在沙煲中进行文火熬煮3h，熬煮至水分剩余2/5质量；过滤，收集滤液，得到降血压的茶饮料；
(Ⅲ)将步骤(Ⅱ)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
对比实施例
一种茶饮料，由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
所述的茶饮料的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
(1)将山楂切碎，加入750质量份的水在沙煲中进行文火熬煮2h，熬煮至水分剩余1/3质量，过滤，收集滤液；然后加入红糖，混合均匀，得到混合液；
(2)将普洱熟茶用80质量份的开水浸泡30min，过滤，得到茶液；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合液与步骤(2)制得的茶液混合均匀，得到茶饮料。
(4)将步骤(3)制得的降血压的茶饮料进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品茶饮料。
效果实施例
(1)急性毒性试验
将昆明小鼠分实验组和对照组，其中，实验组昆明小鼠灌胃实施例1～7制得的降血压的茶饮料，每次0.4ml/10g，对照组昆明小鼠灌胃等量生理盐水。试验前禁食(不禁水)12h后，实验组和对照组每天1次灌胃给药，连续14d，记录受试小鼠行为、活动、摄食量、体重、粪便、死亡等情况，未死亡小鼠于14d后处死进行尸检。
试验结果表明：实验组小鼠活动、摄食量、体重增长、粪便等与对照组比较无明显差异，且14d内无死亡及其他异常发生，两组同时处死后进行尸检，各主要脏器(心、肝、脾、肺、肾)经肉眼观察未见异常。
(2)豚鼠反复给药毒性试验
将豚鼠分实验组和对照组，其中，实验组豚鼠灌胃实施例1～7制得的降血压的茶饮料，每次0.4ml/10g，对照组豚鼠灌胃等量生理盐水。试验前禁食(不禁水)12h后，实验组和对照组每天1次灌胃，连续5周，记录受试豚鼠行为、活动、摄食量、体重、粪便、死亡等情况，未死亡豚鼠于5周后处死进行尸检。
试验结果表明：
(1)试验豚鼠在整个试验期内行为活动、饮食、大小便和被毛色泽等情况未见明显异常，未见呕吐、流涎、流泪、呼吸困难等症状。实验组豚鼠给药后生长发育良好，体重增长与对照组比较未见明显异常。
(2)试验结束后处死动物，立即解剖，肉眼观察大脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏等主要器官，各器官表面光滑，无粘连，色泽正常，未见充血、肿胀、出血、坏死、粘连，胃肠无扩张，肠壁无水肿、出血、溃疡等异常现象。
心脏：心肌细胞横纹清晰，核居中，间质未见血管扩张及炎细胞浸润；心外膜、心内膜无异常。肝脏：肝细胞排列呈索状，肝小叶结构清楚，汇管区未见炎细胞浸润及纤维结缔组织增生，肝细胞多边形，浆丰富，核大而圆。脾脏：纤维包膜完整，无增厚，脾小体清晰可见，小梁结构正常，红髓、白髓清楚，未见变性、坏死及炎细胞浸润。肺脏：细支气管结构完整，层次清楚，肺泡壁结构完整，肺间隔及支气管完好无损，腔内无明显渗出物，未见变性、坏死及炎细胞浸润。肾脏：肾脏皮质、髓质、肾小球结构正常，肾小球细胞数未增多，毛细血管管腔无扩张，肾小管上皮细胞、肾间质未见异常。大脑：组织结构正常，神经细胞、神经胶质细胞形态正常，各层神经元细胞无明显异常。
(3)降压疗效和临床疗效
选取门诊高血压自愿患者50例，男25例，女25例；年龄43～61岁；病程2～13年。
治疗方法
服用治疗期间均予低盐、低脂饮食，调摄精神，适当活动，避免劳累。每人每日饮用实施例1～7制得的降血压的茶饮料或对比实施例制得的茶饮料200ml，7天1个疗程，服用8个疗程。
降压疗效标准：
按照1999年中国高血压联盟修订的《中国高血压防治指南的治疗目标》执行。显效：舒张压(DBp)下降≥10mmHg并达到正常范围；或虽未降至正常，但已下降20mmHg或以上；有效：DBp下降<10mmHg，但已达到正常范围；或下降≥10mmHg，但未降至正常；或收缩压(SBp)下降≥30mmHg；无效：未达到上述有效指标者。
临床疗效标准：
显效：原有症状完全消失或显著减轻，证候积分减少≥70％；有效：原有症状有所好转或减轻，证候积分减少≥30％；无效：原有症状无改善，证候积分减少<30％。
结果见表1和表2，与对比实施例相比，实施例1～7制得的降血压的茶饮料具有显著的降血压疗效，且与实施例4相比，实施例1～3以及实施例5～7制得的降血压的茶饮料具有更显著的降血压疗效。
表1 降压疗效结果分析
| 例数 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 | |
| 实施例1 | 50 | 47 | 3 | 0 | 100％ |
| 实施例2 | 50 | 45 | 5 | 0 | 100％ |
| 实施例3 | 50 | 44 | 5 | 1 | 98％ |
| 实施例4 | 50 | 44 | 4 | 2 | 96％ |
| 实施例5 | 50 | 46 | 4 | 0 | 100％ |
| 实施例6 | 50 | 45 | 4 | 1 | 98％ |
| 实施例7 | 50 | 44 | 5 | 1 | 98％ |
| 对比实施例 | 50 | 15 | 5 | 30 | 40％ |
表2 临床疗效结果分析
治疗实施例1
北京章某某，73岁，2005年2月确诊为冠心病，并有早搏，高血黏和高血压。饮用实施例1制得的降血压的茶饮料，每天一次，共饮用98天，疗效显著。到大药房检测血液，血液不粘了，血压恢复正常。经当地医院多次检测，血压均在140-80左右，早搏消失。
治疗实施例2
杭州王先生，55岁，饮用实施例1制得的降血压的茶饮料一个月，血压改善，坚持吃，冠心病的症状得到缓解。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种降血压的茶饮料，其特征在于由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
2.根据权利要求1所述的降血压的茶饮料，其特征在于由如下按质量份计的原料组分制备得到：
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的降血压的茶饮料，其特征在于：
所述的生姜替换为干姜；所述的干姜的质量份为3～5份。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的降血压的茶饮料，其特征在于：
所述的红糖替换为蔗糖、甜菊糖和糖醇中的至少一种。
5.权利要求1～4任一项所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，其特征在于包含如下步骤：
(1)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎，混合后加入500～1000质量份的水进行熬煮，熬煮至水分剩余1/3～3/5质量，过滤，收集滤液；然后加入红糖，混合均匀，得到混合液；
(2)将普洱熟茶用50～100质量份的开水浸泡15min～2h，过滤，得到茶液；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合液与步骤(2)制得的茶液混合均匀，得到降血压的茶饮料；
或(Ⅰ)将山楂、红枣和生姜分别切碎；
(Ⅱ)将步骤(Ⅰ)切碎后的山楂、红枣和生姜与普洱熟茶和红糖混合，然后加入550～1100质量份的水进行熬煮，熬煮至水分剩余1/3～3/5质量；过滤，收集滤液，得到降血压的茶饮料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤(1)中所述的熬煮为文火熬煮。
7.根据权利要求5所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤(1)中所述的熬煮的时间为1～3h。
8.根据权利要求5所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤(Ⅱ)中所述的熬煮为文火熬煮。
9.根据权利要求5所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤(Ⅱ)中所述的熬煮的时间为1～3h。
10.根据权利要求5所述的降血压的茶饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的降血压的茶饮料可进一步灭菌、灌装，得到成品降血压的茶饮料。
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