CN106459123A - 用于改善甜味的含有甜叶悬钩子苷或α‑葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的新型物质混合物 - Google Patents
用于改善甜味的含有甜叶悬钩子苷或α‑葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的新型物质混合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种新的物质混合物,其作为香料制剂用于改善口服制剂的甜味。
Description
发明领域
本发明属于食品领域并且涉及新型物质混合物,其用作提高口服制剂甜味的香料制剂。
现有技术
悬钩子苷由植物甜茶(中国黑莓)的叶得到并且是不同二萜甜菊糖苷的复杂混合物。甜叶悬钩子苷用作不含卡路里的甜味剂,纯甜叶悬钩子苷的甜度为糖的200倍。中国黑莓原产于东南亚,其甜度长久已知。目前这种植物在中国的广西和广东地区大范围种植。
含有悬钩子苷作为甜味剂的产品在现有技术中充分已知。通过浓缩方法提高甜叶悬钩子苷含量的尝试同样已知。例如,甜叶悬钩子苷和甜菊醇糖甙的混合物及其作为甜味剂的用途记载于专利申请EP 2641479和WO 2012/177727。
WO 2013/133689的主题是纯化甜菊糖甙的色谱方法。
然而,市售可得悬钩子苷的特征在于它们都具备苦,有时涩的后味并且不充分的甜味效果,使其难以广泛使用。悬钩子苷可用于掩蔽不良的味道印象(EP 2.386.211),然而这种作用对其自身不起作用。使用悬钩子提取物的改良制剂已经记载于EP2.641.479,但是没有改善甜味性能。
之前,分离了α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的单一物质并评估其味道(Ohtani.K.;Aikawa.Y.;Ishikawa.H.;Kasai.R.;Kitahata.S.;Mizutani.K.;Doi.S.;Nakaura.M.;Tanaka.O..Further study on the 1.4‐alpha‐transglucosylation of rubusosides.asweet steviol‐bisglucoside from Rubus suavissimus.Agric.Biol.Chem.1991.55.(2).449‐453),然而纯化直至得到单一物质相当复杂并且商业上不合理,从而无法应用。
进一步参考以下现有技术:
JP 2002 045145 A(TOYO SUGAR REFINING)公开了一种提供甜菊提取物的甜味混合物的方法,其主要含有甜菊醇糖甙、莱鲍迪甙A、莱鲍迪甙C、和卫矛醇甙A。在进行该方法中卫矛醇甙A的鼠李糖部分水解,产生甜叶悬钩子苷([0014]),其导致含有少量甜叶悬钩子苷的甜味混合物(表1)。该混合物表现出减小的苦味以及提高的甜味([0019])并因此可用于香料制剂([0035])。此外通过酶反应甜叶悬钩子苷转化为相应的葡糖基化产物([0024])。
出版物Agricultural and Biological Chemistry.Vol.48(10).p 2483‐2488(1984)公开了甜叶悬钩子苷转糖基反应的产物,其不仅含有在反应过程中产生的不同甜叶悬钩子苷‐糖苷,而且含有反应的甜叶悬钩子苷(2484页,第2段)。也记载了通过CGTase系统生产糖基化产物并评估其甜味(2486页的实验部分和表1)。
EP 2386211 A1(SYMRISE)的主题是甜叶悬钩子苷以及含有甜叶悬钩子苷的混合物用于掩蔽、减小或抑制苦味、酸味和/或涩味感受的用途([0013]),而提到的混合物还含有一种或多种酚类化合物([0019])。
EP 2353403 A1(SYMRISE)公开了具备甜味的脱氧二氢查耳酮橙皮素用于影响味道强度,提高甜味物质的甜味印象并用于防止或掩蔽不良味道物质的不良味道印象的用途([0024])。
因此本发明的主题是提供新型物质混合物,其增强、改善或优化口服制剂的甜味。特别地,本发明的主题一方面在于通过自然(酶、发酵或烹饪)方法优化悬钩子苷的味道性能,从而得到新的香料制剂。本发明的另一个主题是通过自然方法制备α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷。由此得到的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷,除了优化味道性能,其特征在于在其低浓度下的效率以及增强其他物质甜味的性能。
发明内容
本发明的主题是物质混合物,其含有1重量%至60重量%的至少一种通式(I)的化合物,其中m=n=0,
和至少一种通式(I)的其他化合物,其中m或n≥1,前提是m和n相互独立地为0至50。
在本发明的物质混合物中式(I)化合物优选为悬钩子苷和/或α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷。
悬钩子苷
悬钩子苷可以,由植物甜茶(中国黑莓)得到,例如EP 2236043,并且至少由甜叶悬钩子二萜苷组成,优选含量为1至100重量%,特别优选10‐95重量%,特别优选30‐75重量%,基于悬钩子苷总重量计,并且可以含有13种现有技术中已知的其他异构体和同系物中的一种或多种,如suavioside A、B和R1,但是部分是苦味(Hirono.S.;Chou.W.H.;Kasai.R.;Tanaka.O.;Tada.T..Sweet and bitter diterpene glucosides from leavesof Rubus suavissimus.Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1990.38.(6).1743‐1744und Chou.G.;Xu. S.‐J.;Liu.D.;Koh.G.Y.;Zhang.J.;Liu.Z..Quantitative andFingerprint Analyses of Chinese Sweet Tea Plant(Rubus suavissimus S.Lee).J.Agric Food Chem.2009.57.1076‐1083.)。
所含悬钩子苷部分的区别在于种植区域和植物种类。在生产甜味物质混合物过程中,植物的甘草味道通过分离甜味成分及随后的组合物抵消。悬钩子物通常含有10%‐70%的甜叶悬钩子苷。甜叶悬钩子苷自身也可以通过酶致转变由甜菊糖甙得到,如记载于WO2013/133689。
在本发明中,与现有技术相反,在生产悬钩子苷的1,4‐糖基化碳水化合物,优选为淀粉的转糖基化反应中,优选使用α‐环糊精葡聚糖转移酶(CGTase)。由此可以改变甜菊提取物,从而如WO 2012 112180所记载产生α‐葡糖基甜菊糖甙。但是该反应仍未被用于生产根据本发明的具备改良味道的悬钩子提取物。因此本发明的另一个主题是一种生产根据本发明的物质混合物所含有的悬钩子苷的方法,包括在1,4‐糖基化碳水化合物,优选为糖类的转糖基化反应中使用α‐环糊精葡聚糖转移酶。
α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷
α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷是酶致、发酵或化学改性悬钩子苷,特别是通式(I)的甜叶悬钩子苷,并且除了甜叶悬钩子苷中已经含有的两个葡萄糖单元(m=n=0)还含有至少1至20,优选至少2至10并别特别是2至6个额外的葡萄糖单元,其中额外的葡萄糖单元优选为α‐1,4‐连接的D‐吡喃型葡萄糖。
令人惊讶地发现,根据本发明的具备通式(I)的化合物的物质混合物与单独的悬钩子苷相比不仅具备显著改善的甜味效果,而且特别适用于改善、增强和优化口服制剂的初始甜味和充实味道感受。此外还表现出改善的味道性能,特别是在甜度方面,含有本发明物质混合物的制剂与具备减少量的葡萄糖或其他甜味碳水化合物的制剂相比。特别地,令人惊讶地显现,根据本发明的物质混合物与酚类增甜香料物质以及淀粉降解产物结合可以减小和/或遮蔽悬钩子苷和/或α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的部分不良的类甜味剂后味。
因此一个优选实施方案是含有至少一个式(I)化合物的根据本发明的物质混合物,其中m=n=0(=甜叶悬钩子苷)
进一步地优选实施方案中的根据本发明的物质混合物含有至少一个式(I)化合物,其中m和n相互独立地为0至50,并且其和m+n>0,m+n≤50。
因此,在优选实施方案中,根据本发明的物质混合物,其含有至少一个m=n=0的式(I)化合物,以及另一个式(I)化合物,其中m和n相互独立地为0至50,并且其和m+n>0,m+n≤50。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,除了至少一个式(I)化合物,其中m和n相互独立地为0至50,并且在m=n=0的情况下,存在另一个m或n≥1的通式(I)的化合物,根据本发明的物质混合物还含有额外的淀粉降解产物。在本文中淀粉降解产物优选含有3至100个α‐1‐4‐连接的D‐吡喃型葡萄糖。
淀粉降解产物
在根据本发明的混合物中适当的淀粉降解产物用作载体物质。优选糊精或麦芽糊精,其分子尺寸介于低聚糖和淀粉之间。通常,它们以白色或淡黄色粉末形式存在。它们主要通过干燥加热(>150℃)或在酸作用下由小麦、土豆和玉米淀粉得到。自然界中由例如浸麻芽孢杆菌(Bacterium macerans)产生糊精。糊精同样通过使用淀粉酶由淀粉酶解产生。
特别适当的麦芽糊精具备约3至约20,优选约5至约15个葡萄糖当量(DE)。这是指干物质中还原糖的百分比。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的物质混合物还额外含有一种或多种酚类天然产生的甜味增强香料物质,选自组包括橙皮素(Hesperetin)、根皮素(Phloretin)、1‐(2,4‐二氢‐苯基)‐3‐(3‐羟基‐4‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐丙‐1‐酮、7,3‐二氢‐4′甲氧基黄烷和5‐羟基‐4‐(4‐羟基‐3‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐7‐甲氧基‐2‐苯并二氢吡喃酮。
在本发明的物质混合物中式(I)化合物优选为悬钩子苷,其优选为甜叶悬钩子苷(m=n=0)或特别优选式(II)的一种α‐糖基化甜叶悬钩子苷
其中残基R1和R2为以下基团:
化合物 | 悬钩子苷 | R1 | R2 |
1 | 悬钩子三葡糖苷 | H‐ | Glcα1‐ |
2 | 悬钩子三葡糖苷 | Glcα1‐ | H‐ |
3 | 悬钩子四葡糖苷 | Glcα1‐ | Glcα1‐ |
4 | 悬钩子四葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα | H‐ |
5 | 悬钩子四葡糖苷 | H‐ | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα |
6 | 悬钩子五葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα | Glcα1‐ |
7 | 悬钩子五葡糖苷 | Glcα1‐ | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα |
8 | 悬钩子六葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα |
9 | 悬钩子五葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα | H‐ |
10 | 悬钩子五葡糖苷 | H‐ | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα |
11 | 悬钩子六葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα | Glcα1‐ |
12 | 悬钩子六葡糖苷 | Glcα1‐ | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα |
13 | 悬钩子七葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα |
14 | 悬钩子七葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα |
15 | 悬钩子八葡糖苷 | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα | ‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα |
明显地,化合物1至15和/或甜叶悬钩子苷的混合物同样可用并属于本发明。因此优选实施方案是含有至少一个式(I)化合物的物质混合物,其选自式(II)的化合物:
·悬钩子三葡糖苷(化合物1)
·悬钩子三葡糖苷(化合物2)
·悬钩子四葡糖苷(化合物3)
·悬钩子四葡糖苷(化合物4)
·悬钩子四葡糖苷(化合物5)
·悬钩子五葡糖苷(化合物6)
·悬钩子五葡糖苷(化合物7)
·悬钩子六葡糖苷(化合物8)
·悬钩子五葡糖苷(化合物9)
·悬钩子五葡糖苷(化合物10)
·悬钩子六葡糖苷(化合物11)
·悬钩子六葡糖苷(化合物12)
·悬钩子七葡糖苷(化合物13)
·悬钩子七葡糖苷(化合物14)
·悬钩子八葡糖苷(化合物15)
优选地根据本发明的物质混合物含有至少一个式(I)的化合物(α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷),其中优选具备以下组成的根据本发明的物质混合物:
(a1)1重量%至60重量%,优选15重量%至50重量%的甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=0),
(a2)1重量%至30重量,优选5重量%至25重量%的具备共3个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=1),
(a3)1重量%至30重量%,优选5重量%至25重量%的具备共4个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=2),
(a4)1重量%至25重量%,优选5重量%至20重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=3),
(a5)0.1重量%至20重量%,优选1重量%至15重量%的具备共6个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=4),
(a6)0.05重量%至10重量%,优选0.5重量%至5重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=5),
(a7)0重量%至10重量%,优选1重量%至8重量%的甜菊单苷或其异构体,其中一种或多种甜菊单苷‐异构体相对于甜叶悬钩子苷的存在比例为100:1至1:100,
(a8)以及1重量%至90重量%,优选20重量%至80重量%的具备5至50(m+n在3至48之间),优选6至16糖苷单元(m+n在4至14之间)的较高α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷,
其中所有成分(a1)至(a8)的总量至少为80重量%,优选至少90重量%。10至20重量%的剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
特别优选根据本发明的含有式(I)α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的物质混合物,其具备以下组成:
(a1)少于50重量%的甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=0),
(a2)多于10重量%的具备共3个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=1),
(a3)多于15重量%的具备共4个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=2),
(a4)多于5重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=3),
(a5)少于6重量%的甜菊单苷,
其中所有成分(a1)至(a5)的总量至少为80重量%,优选至少90重量%。10至20重量%的剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
特别优选的根据本发明的含有式(I)α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的物质混合物,其具备以下组成:
(a1)少于30重量%的甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=0),
(a2)多于15重量%的具备共3个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=1),
(a3)多于18重量%的具备共4个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=2),
(a4)多于10重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=3),
(a5)少于2.5重量%甜菊单苷,
其中所有成分(a1)至(a5)的总量至少为80重量%,优选至少90重量%。10至20重量%的剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
优选地,本发明的物质混合物具备式(I)化合物成分与额外淀粉降解产物的重量比为1:99至99:1,优选5:95至75:25,特别优选25:75至75:25,并且非常特别优选5:95至25:75。
根据本发明的物质混合物的优选组成包括例如:
(a)1重量%至99重量%,优选5重量%至50重量%α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷,
(b)0.1重量%至15重量%,优选0.5重量%至10重量%淀粉降解产物,
其中成分(a)和(b)的总量至少为80重量%,优选至少90重量%。10至20重量%的剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
当所述物质混合物额外含有增甜的天然产生的酚类香料物质时,根据本发明的物质混合物具备式(I)化合物成分和额外淀粉降解产物(a+b)与酚类香料物质(c)的重量比为1:99至99:1,优选10:90至90:10,特别优选25:75至75:25,并且非常特别优选40:60至60:40。
根据本发明的物质混合物的优选组成包括例如:
(a)20重量%至50重量%,优选27重量%至43重量%α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷,
(b)0.1重量%至15重量%,优选0.5重量%至10重量%麦芽糊精,和
(c)40重量%至60重量%,优选45重量%至55重量%酚类天然产生的增甜香料物质,其中成分(a),(b)和(c)的总量至少为80重量%,优选至少90重量%。10至20重量%的剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
制备
根据本发明的物质混合物,含有式(I)组合物(α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷),其理论上已知并可以根据例如Ohtani.K.;Aikawa.Y.;Ishikawa.H.;Kasai.R.;Kitahata.S.;Mizutani.K.;Doi.S.;Nakaura.M.;Tanaka.O..Further study on the 1.4‐alpha‐transglucosylation of rubusoside.a sweet steviol‐bisglucoside from Rubussuavissimus.Agric.Biol.Chem.1991.55.(2).449‐453制备,其中
i)将悬钩子苷与α‐葡聚糖,优选淀粉,淀粉降解产物或环糊精与糖苷酶,优选α‐糖苷酶如例如α‐淀粉酶、α‐糖苷酶、β‐淀粉酶、环麦芽糊精葡聚糖转移酶或适当的微生物,其同源或异源表达这些酶(例如黄单胞杆菌(Xantomonas campestris)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)或肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mensenteroides))在0℃至90℃,优选5℃至80℃,特别优选20℃至65℃下,优选在含水介质中混合0至48小时,优选0.1至24小时,特别优选0.5‐16小时,并且
ii)将得到的混合物惰化、巴氏杀菌或消毒,其中将其在常压或加压下加热5至500分钟至70℃至150℃,并且
iii)随后干燥得到的混合物,使用例如喷雾干燥、冻干、蒸馏干燥、带式干燥和
iv)任选进一步纯化该混合,使用例如层析法、分配法、膜法或结晶法。
口服制剂
本发明的另一个主题涉及口服制剂,其含有0.00001重量%至约2重量%的根据本发明的物质混合物。优选地根据本发明的物质混合物的含量为0.0001重量%至1.5重量%,优选0.001重量%至1重量%,特别优选0.01重量%至0.5重量%,并且特别优选0.05重量%至0.1重量%。
食品
含有根据本发明的物质混合物的口服制剂可以选自组包括
·烘焙产品,例如面包、干饼干、蛋糕、其他烤制产品,
·糖果产品(例如巧克力、巧克力棒产品、其他棒状产品、水果糖、硬和软焦糖、口香糖),
·酒精或无酒精饮料(例如咖啡、茶、冰茶、红酒、含红酒饮料、啤酒、含啤酒饮料、利口酒、杜松子酒、白兰地、含水果(碳酸)柠檬水、(碳酸)等张饮料、(碳酸)软饮、花蜜、汽酒、水果和植物果汁,
·水果或植物果汁制品,
·速溶饮品(例如速溶可可饮料、速溶茶饮料、速溶咖啡饮料、速溶水果饮料),
·肉制品(例如火腿、鲜香肠或未烹制的香肠制品、风干或腌制鱼或腌肉产品),
·蛋或蛋产品(蛋粉、蛋白、蛋黄)、谷物产品(例如早餐谷物、麦片棒、现成米产品),
·乳产品(例如乳饮、酪乳饮料、乳品冰淇淋、酸奶、克菲尔、新鲜奶酪、软奶酪、硬奶酪、干奶粉、乳清、乳清饮料、黄油、酪乳、含有部分或完全水解乳蛋白的产品),
·大豆蛋白或其他大豆成分的制品(例如豆奶和由其制得的产品、含有大豆蛋白的水果饮料、含有大豆卵磷脂的制品、发酵产品如豆腐或豆豉或由其制得的产品),
·其他植物蛋白源产品,例如燕麦蛋白饮料,
·水果制品(例如果酱、水果冰淇淋、水果酱、水果馅料),
·蔬菜制品(例如番茄酱、沙司、干燥蔬菜、冷冻蔬菜、熟菜、瓶装蔬菜),
·小吃(例如烤制或炸制薯片或土豆团产品、玉米或花生挤出物),
·脂肪和油产品或乳剂(例如蛋黄酱、加料蛋黄酱、调味料),
·其他现成餐食和汤(例如汤粉、即食汤、预煮汤),
·香料、香料混合物以及特别是在小吃领域使用的调味料。
特别优选的是糖果制品、乳制品,并且特别优选无酒精饮料,其中优选甜味饮料。
助剂和添加剂
上述口服制剂和食品通常还可以含有助剂和添加剂,特别包括甜味剂、食品酸、酸度调节剂、增稠剂,以及特别是其他香料物质。
A1.甜味剂
作为甜味剂或甜味道的添加剂首先考虑的是碳水化合物并且特别是糖,如蔗糖、海藻糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、松三糖、蜜三糖、帕拉金糖、乳果糖、D‐果糖、D‐葡萄糖、D‐半乳糖、L‐鼠李糖、D‐山梨糖、D‐甘露糖、D‐塔格糖、D‐阿拉伯糖、L‐阿拉伯糖、D‐核糖、D‐甘油醛、或麦芽糊精。同样适用的是含有这些物质的植物化合物,例如基于甜菜(海甜菜(Beta vulgarisssp.)、糖馏分、糖浆、糖蜜)、甘蔗糖(甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum ssp.)、糖蜜、甘蔗糖浆)、枫糖浆(Acer ssp.)或龙舌兰属植物(龙舌兰糖浆)。
也可以考虑的是
·合成的,即通常的酶制淀粉或糖水解物(转化糖、果糖糖浆);
·浓缩果汁(例如基于苹果或梨);
·糖醇(例如赤藓糖醇、苏糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、核糖醇、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、半乳糖醇、乳糖醇);
·蛋白质(例如奇果蛋白(Miraculin)、甜蛋白(Monellin)、奇异果甜蛋白(Thaumatin)、仙茅甜蛋白(Curculin)、甜味蛋白(Brazzein));
·甜味剂(例如,Magap、环己氨基磺酸钠、乙酰磺胺酸钾、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜(Aspartam)、超阿斯巴甜、纽甜(Neotam)、阿力甜(Alitam)、三氯蔗糖(Sucralose)、甜菊苷(甜菊糖苷)、瑞鮑迪甙(Rebaudioside)、Lugduname、Carrelame、Sucrononate、Sucrooctate、Monatin、叶甜素(phenylodulcin));
·甜味道氨基酸(例如甘氨酸、D‐亮氨酸、D‐苏氨酸、D‐天门冬氨酸、D‐苯丙氨酸、D‐色氨酸、L‐脯氨酸);
·其他甜味道小分子物质,如例如甜菊糖苷元(Hernandulcin)、二氢查耳酮糖苷(Dihydrochalconglykoside),特别是新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮和甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin)、甘草甜酸(glycyrrhetic acid)、其衍生物和盐,甘草提取物(光果甘草(Glycyrrhizzaglabra ssp.))、甜舌草(Lippia dulcis)提取物、苦瓜(Momordica ssp.)提取物或
·单个物质如例如罗汉果及由其得到的罗汉果苷(Mogroside)、Hydrangeadulcis或叶甜素提取物,
·Mycetia balansae(南岭华腺)的Balansins,如记载于WO 2012 164.062。
A2.食品酸
适当的食品酸式羧酸。在本发明中优选食品中允许的酸,特别是此处提到的那些:
E 260‐醋酸
E 270‐乳酸
E 290‐二氧化碳
E 296‐苹果酸
E 297‐富马酸
E 330‐柠檬酸
E 331‐柠檬酸钠
E 332‐柠檬酸钾
E 333‐柠檬酸钙
E 334‐酒石酸
E 335‐酒石酸钠
E 336‐酒石酸钾
E 337‐酒石酸钠‐钾
E 338‐磷酸
E 353‐偏酒石酸
E 354‐酒石酸钙
E 355‐己二酸
E 363‐琥珀酸
E 380‐柠檬酸三铵
E 513‐硫酸
E 574‐葡糖酸
E 575‐葡萄糖酸‐δ‐内酯
A3.酸度调节剂
酸度调节剂是食品添加剂,其保持酸度或碱度并从而保持食品所需pH值的稳定。其通常涉及有机酸及其盐,碳酸盐,偶尔也涉及无机酸及其盐。加入酸味调节剂部分增强了食品的稳定性和强度,得到想要的沉淀并改善防腐剂的作用。与酸化剂相反酸度调节剂不用于食品味道的改变。其作用基于在食品中形成缓冲体系,因此加入酸性或碱性物质时pH值不改变或仅细微改变。实例是
E 170 ‐碳酸钙
E 260–263‐乙酸和乙酸盐
E 270 ‐乳酸
E 296 ‐苹果酸
E 297 ‐富马酸
E 325–327‐乳酸盐(乳酸)
E 330–333‐柠檬酸和柠檬酸盐
E 334–337‐酒石酸和酒石酸盐
E 339–341‐正磷酸盐
E 350–352‐苹果酸盐(苹果酸)
E 450–452‐二、三或多磷酸盐
E 500–504‐碳酸盐(碳酸)
E 507 ‐盐酸和氯化物
E 513–517‐硫酸和硫酸盐
E 524–528‐氢氧化物
E 529–530‐氧化物
E 355–357‐己二酸和己二酸盐
E 574–578‐葡糖酸和葡糖酸盐
A4.增稠剂
增稠剂是首先与水结合的物质。通过去除未结合的水可增大粘稠度。由对任何各种增稠剂有代表性的浓度起,还出现网络效果,这大多导致稠度不成比例的增大。在这种情况下分子相互之间“交联”,即缠绕。大多数增稠剂涉及线性或支化大分子(例如多糖或蛋白质),它们能够通过分子间相互作用,如氢键、疏水相互作用或离子作用相互作用。增稠剂的极端情况是层状硅酸盐(膨润土、水辉石)或水合SiO2颗粒,它们以颗粒分散并能够以其类固体结构与水结合,或者基于所述的相互作用能够相互作用。实例是:
E 400 –褐藻酸
E 401 –褐藻酸钠
E 402 ‐褐藻酸钾
E 403 –褐藻酸铵
E 404 –海藻酸钙
E 405 –褐藻酸丙二醇
E 406 –琼脂
E 407 –卡拉胶、丹麦琼脂
E 407 –刺槐豆胶
E 412 –瓜尔胶
E 413 –胺黄树胶
E 414 –阿拉伯树胶
E 415 –黄原胶
E 416 –刺梧桐树胶(印度胺黄树胶)
E 417 –塔拉胶(秘鲁刺梧桐树胶)
E 418 –结冷胶
E 440 –果胶、Opekta
E 440ii –酰胺化果胶
E 460 ‐微晶纤维素、纤维素粉末
E 461 –甲基纤维素
E 462 –乙基纤维素
E 463 –羟丙基纤维素
E 465 –甲基乙基纤维素
E 466 –羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠
A6.香料物质
根据本发明的口服制剂和食品可以含有一种或多种香料物质。典型实施例包括:苯乙酮、己酸烯丙酯、α‐紫罗兰酮、β‐紫罗兰酮、茴香醛、乙酸茴香酯、甲酸茴香酯、苯甲醛、苯并噻唑、乙酸苄酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、β‐紫罗兰酮、丁酸丁酯、己酸丁酯、丁烯夫内酯、香芹酮、莰烯、丁香烯、桉油醇、乙酸肉桂酯、柠檬醛、香茅醇、香茅醛、乙酸香茅酯、乙酸环己酯、伞花烃、damascone、癸内酯、二氢香豆素、氨基苯甲酸二甲酯、十二内酯、乙酸乙氧基乙酯、乙基丁酸、丁酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、巴豆酸乙酯、乙基呋喃酮、乙基愈创木酚、异丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、甲基丁酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、桉树脑、丁香油酚、庚酸乙酯、4‐(对‐羟苯基)‐2‐丁酮、γ‐癸内酯、香叶醇、乙酸香叶酯、柚子醛(grapefruit aldehyde)、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(例如)、胡椒醛、2‐庚酮、3‐庚酮、4‐庚酮、反式‐2‐庚稀醛、顺式‐4‐庚稀醛、反式‐2‐已烯醛、顺式‐3‐已烯醇、反式‐2‐己烯酸、反式‐3‐己烯酸、顺式‐2‐乙酸己烯酯、顺式‐3‐乙酸己烯酯、顺式‐3‐己酸己烯酯、反式‐2‐己酸己烯酯、顺式‐3‐甲酸己烯酯、顺式‐2‐乙酸己酯、顺式‐3‐乙酸己酯、反式‐2‐乙酸己酯、顺式‐3‐甲酸己酯、对‐羟基苄基丙酮、异戊醇、异戊酸异戊酯、丁酸异丁酯、异丁醛、异丁香油酚甲醚、异丙基甲基噻唑、月桂酸、乙酰丙酸、芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物、乙酸芳樟酯、薄荷醇、薄荷呋喃、氨基苯甲酸甲酯、甲基丁醇、甲基丁酸、乙酸2‐甲基丁酯、己酸甲酯、肉桂酸甲酯、5‐甲基糠醛、3,2,2‐甲基环戊烯醇、6,5,2‐甲基庚烯酮、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯、茉莉酮酸甲酯、甲基丁酸2‐甲酯、2‐甲基‐2‐戊烯酸、硫代丁酸甲酯、3,1‐甲基硫代己醇、乙酸3‐甲基硫代己酯、橙花醇、乙酸橙花酯、反,反‐2,4‐壬二烯醛、2,4‐壬二烯醇、2,6‐壬二烯醇、香柏酮、δ‐辛内酯、γ‐辛内酯、2‐辛醇、3‐辛醇、1,3‐辛烯醇、乙酸1‐辛酯、乙酸3‐辛酯、棕榈酸、三聚乙醛、非兰烯、戊二酮、乙酸苯基乙酯、苯基乙基醇、异戊酸苯基乙酯、胡椒醛、丙醛、丁酸丙酯、蒲勒酮、蒲勒醇、甜橙醛、硫醇、松油稀、松油醇、异松油烯、8,3‐硫代薄荷酮、4,4,2‐硫代甲基戊酮、麝香草酚、δ‐十一内酯、γ‐十一内酯、valencene、戊酸、香草醛、3‐羟基丁酮、乙基香草醛、异丁酸乙基香草酯(=3‐乙氧基‐4‐异丁氧基苯甲醛)、2,5‐二甲基‐4‐羟基‐3(2H)‐呋喃酮及其衍生物(优选环高呋喃酮(=2‐乙基‐4‐羟基‐5‐甲基‐3(2H)‐呋喃酮))、高呋喃酮(=2‐乙基‐5‐甲基‐4‐羟基‐3(2H)‐呋喃酮和5‐乙基‐2‐甲基‐4‐羟基‐3(2H)‐呋喃酮)、麦芽酚和麦芽酚衍生物(优选乙基麦芽酚)、香豆素及其衍生物、γ‐内酯(优选γ‐十一内酯、γ‐壬内酯、γ‐癸内酯)、δ‐内酯(优选4‐甲基‐δ‐癸内酯、马索亚内酯、δ‐癸内酯、tuberolactone)、山梨酸甲酯、双香草醛、4‐羟基‐2(或5)‐乙基‐5(或2)‐甲基‐3(2H) 呋喃酮、2‐羟基‐3‐甲基‐2‐环戊烯酮、3‐羟基‐4,5‐二甲基‐2(5H)‐呋喃酮、乙酸异戊酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸正丁酯、丁酸异戊酯、3‐甲基‐丁酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、正己酸烯丙酯、正己酸正丁酯、正辛酸乙酯、3‐甲基‐3‐苯基代去水甘油酸乙酯、2‐反‐4‐顺‐癸二烯乙酯、4‐(对‐羟苯基)‐2‐丁酮、1,1‐二甲氧基‐2,2,5‐三甲基‐4‐己烷、2,6‐二甲基‐5‐庚烯‐1‐醛和苯基已烯醛、2‐甲基‐3‐(甲基硫代)呋喃、2‐甲基‐3‐呋喃硫醇、双(2‐甲基‐3‐呋喃基)二硫醚、糠硫醇、甲基硫代丙醛、2‐乙酰基‐2‐噻唑啉、3‐巯基‐2‐戊酮、2.5‐二甲基‐3‐呋喃硫醇、2,4,5‐三甲基噻唑、2‐乙酰基噻唑、2,4‐二甲基‐5‐乙基噻唑、2‐乙酰基‐1‐吡珞啉、2‐甲基‐3‐乙基吡嗪、2‐乙基‐3,5‐二甲基吡嗪、2‐乙基‐3,6‐二甲基吡嗪、2,3‐二乙基‐5‐甲基吡嗪、3‐异丙基‐2‐甲氧基吡嗪、3‐异丁基‐2‐甲氧基吡嗪、2‐乙酰基吡嗪、2‐戊基吡啶、(E.E)‐2,4‐癸二烯醛、(E,E)‐2,4‐壬二烯醛、(E)‐2‐辛烯醛、(E)‐2‐壬烯醛、2‐十一烯醛、12‐甲基十三醛、1‐戊烯‐3‐酮、4‐羟基‐2,5‐二甲基‐3(2H)‐呋喃酮、愈创木酚、3‐羟基‐4,5‐二甲基‐2(5H)‐呋喃酮、3‐羟基‐4‐甲基‐5‐乙基‐2(5H)‐呋喃酮、肉桂醛、肉桂醇、水杨酸甲酯、异蒲勒醇以及(不具体列出)这些物质的立体异构体、对映异构体、结构异构体、非对映异构体、顺式/反式‐异构体或差向异构体。
特别优选赋予牛奶‐奶油和充实味道感受的香料物质(如例如二乙酰、乙偶姻或γ‐内酯)以及赋予甜味‐焦糖味道感受并且辅助糖性能的香料物质(如例如麦芽酚、香草醛、苯甲醛、呋喃酮、胡椒醛)。
A7.用于遮蔽不良味道印象的香料物质
根据本发明的口服制剂和食品还可以含有其他香料物质,其可以减小或抑制制剂不良(苦、涩、干、粉、金属、钙质、白垩)的味道或后味,所谓的味道校正剂。所述味道校正剂选自例如下表:克替醇(lactisole)、克替醇酯,如EP 2,292,224中所记载,钠盐(例如氯化钠、乳酸钠、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠)、羟基黄酮类,优选圣草酚(Eriodictyol)、Sterubin(圣草酚‐7‐甲醚)、高圣草酚(Homoeriodictyol)、及其钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或锌盐(特别是记载于EP 1258200 A2的那些,其中公开的相关化合物通过引用成为本申请的一部分)、二香草醛(divanillinen)(特别是记载于WO 2004/078302中的那些,其中公开的相关化合物通过引用成为本申请的一部分)和4‐羟基二氢查耳酮(优选US 2008/0227867A1中记载的那些,其中公开的相关化合物通过引用成为本申请的一部分),特别是根皮素(Phloretin)和二羟苯基羟基丙酮(Davidigenin)、WO 2008/046895A1和EP 1989944A1中记载的鲜味组合物、EP 2064959 A1、EP 2135516A1或EP 2135516 A1中记载的鲜味组合物,特别优选Rubemamin和Rubescenamin、香兰木脂素,特别优选落叶松树脂醇或罗汉松树脂酚,如WO 2012 146,584所记载、enterodiol,如DE 102 012,214,560所记载、烷酰胺,特别是墙草碱,如EP 2,058,297、EP 1,977,655‐B1和EP 2,008,530‐B1中所记载、以及N‐癸二酰烯基氨基酸.如EP 2,597,082中所记载,及其混合物。
口腔和牙齿护理物
在一个优选实施方案中口服制剂可以选自组包括口腔和牙齿护理物,其也包括漱口水和口香糖。
其具体实例是牙膏、牙胶、牙粉、漱口水等。牙膏或牙霜通常是指水的凝胶型或膏型制剂、增稠剂、保湿剂、磨料或清洗体、表面活性剂、甜味剂、香料物质、除臭活性成分以及抵抗口腔和牙齿疾病的活性成分。在根据本发明的牙膏中可以使用所有常规的清洗体,如白垩、磷酸氢钙、不溶性偏磷酸钠、硅酸铝、焦磷酸钙、细分散合成树脂、硅酸、氧化铝和三水合氧化铝。
优选地适用于根据本发明牙膏的清洗体是细分散硅酸干凝胶、硅酸水凝胶、硅酸沉淀、三水合氧化铝和细分散的α‐氧化铝或这些清洗体的混合物,用量为牙膏的15至40重量%。作为保湿剂,主要考虑的是用量至多为50重量%的低分子量聚乙二醇、甘油、山梨糖醇或这些产品的混合物。在已知增稠剂中,适用的是增稠细分散硅酸凝胶和水胶体,如例如羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基瓜尔胶、羟乙基淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、高分子量聚乙二醇、植物胶如黄芪胶、琼脂、角叉菜胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄原胶和羧乙烯基聚合物(例如类)。除了薄荷呋喃和薄荷醇化合物的混合物,口腔和牙齿护理物可以特别含有表面活性成分,优选阴离子和非离子高泡表面活性剂,如上述物质,但特别是烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基多苷及其混合物。
其他常规牙膏添加剂是:
·防腐剂和抗微生物物质,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、乙酯或丙酯、山梨酸钠、苯甲酸钠、溴氯苯酚、水杨酸苯酯、麝香草酚等;
·抗垢有效成分,例如有机磷酸酯如1‐羟基乙烷‐1,1‐二膦酸、1‐膦酸丙烷‐1,2,3‐三羧酸和由例如US 3,488,419、DE 2224430 A1和DE 2343196 A1已知的那些;
·其他抗龋齿物质如例如氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠、氟化锡;
·甜味剂,如例如糖精钠、环己氨基磺酸钠、蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、果糖或(L‐天门冬氨酰‐L‐苯丙氨酸甲酯)、甜叶菊提取物或其甜味成分,特别是瑞鲍迪甙;
·其他香料,如例如桉树油、大茴香籽油、茴香油、枯茗油、乙酸甲酯、肉桂醛、茴香脑、香草醛、麝香草酚以及这些物质和其他天然和合成香料的混合物;
·颜料如二氧化钛;
·染料;
·缓冲物质如例如伯‐、仲‐或叔的碱金属磷酸盐、柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠;
·治愈伤口和消炎物质,如例如尿囊素、尿素、薁、洋甘菊活性成分和乙酰水杨酸衍生物。
化妆品制剂的优选实施方案是水性、糊状分散体形式的牙膏,含有抛光剂、保湿剂、粘度调节剂并且任选含有其他常规成分,以及用量为0.5至2重量%的薄荷呋喃和薄荷醇化合物的混合物。
在漱口水中可能含有精油、乳化剂、收敛爽肤药物提取物、牙垢抑制、抗菌添加剂和味道校正剂等的各种浓度梯度的水醇溶液的结合。本发明的其他优选实施方案是水性或水醇溶液形式的漱口水,含有用量为0.5至2重量%的薄荷呋喃和薄荷醇化合物的混合物。对于使用前稀释的漱口水,相对于目的稀释比例的更高浓度可以产生充足的效果。
此外为了改善流动性能,可以使用助溶剂,例如乙醇、异丙醇或多元醇;这些物质主要对应于上述载体。可以考虑的多元醇优选具有2至15个碳原子和至少两个羟基。多元醇可以含有其他官能团,特别是氨基或由氮改性。典型实施例是
·甘油;
·烷二醇,如例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇以及平均分子量100至1000道尔顿的聚乙二醇;
·自缩合度为1.5至10的技术低聚甘油混合物,如双甘油含量为40至50重量%的技术双甘油混合物;
·羟甲基化合物,如特别是三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷、季戊四醇和二季戊四醇;
·低烷基糖苷,特别是烷基中含有1至8个碳原子的那些,如例如甲基和丁基糖苷;
·含有5至12个碳原子的糖醇,如例如山梨糖醇或甘露醇;
·含有5至12个碳原子的糖类,如例如葡萄糖或蔗糖;
·氨基糖,如例如葡糖胺;
·二醇胺,如二乙醇胺或2‐氨基‐1,3‐丙二醇。
适当的防腐剂是例如苯氧基乙醇、甲醛溶液、苯甲酸酯类、戊二醇或山梨酸,及其名称为的银复合物,以及列于化妆品法规附录6,部分A和B的其他物质。
可以提及的芳香油是天然芳香剂与合成芳香剂的混合物。天然芳香剂是花(百合、薰衣草、玫瑰、茉莉、橙花、依兰)、茎和叶(天竺葵、广藿香、苦橙)、果实(茴香、胡荽、香菜、杜松)、果皮(佛手柑、柠檬、橙)、根(肉豆蔻、当归、芹菜、小豆蔻、木香、鸢尾、菖蒲)、木材(松木、檀香、愈创木、雪松木、花梨木)、草本植物和禾本植物(龙蒿、柠檬草、鼠尾草、百里香)、松针和树枝(云杉、冷杉、松树、矮松)、树脂和香脂(格蓬、榄香脂、安息香、没药、乳香、红没药)的提取物。此外可以考虑动物原料,例如麝猫香和海狸香。典型的合成芳香剂化合物是酯、醚、醛、酮、醇和烃类产物。酯类芳香剂化合物是例如乙酸苄酯,异丁酸苯氧基乙酯、环己基乙酸p‐叔丁酯、乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸二甲基苄基原酯(dimethyl benzyl carbinylacetate)、乙酸苯乙酯、苯甲酸芳樟酯、甲酸苄酯、苯基甘氨酸乙基甲酯、环己基丙酸烯丙酯、丙酸苏合香酯和水杨酸苄酯。醚类包括,例如苄基乙基醚;醛类包括,例如含有8至18个碳原子的直链烷醛、柠檬醛、香茅醛、香茅基氧基乙醛、仙客来醛、羟基香茅醛、铃兰醛和波洁红醛;酮类包括例如紫罗兰酮、α‐异甲基紫罗酮和甲基柏木酮;醇类包括茴香脑、香茅醇、丁香酚、异丁香酚、香叶醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇和松油醇;烃类主要包括萜烯类和香脂类。然而,优选使用各种芳香剂化合物的混合物,它们一起产生相应的香味。其它适当的芳香油为通常用作芳香成分的挥发性较低的精油,例如鼠尾草油、甘菊油、丁香油、蜂花油、薄荷油、肉桂叶油、莱姆花油、杜松子油、香根草油、乳香油、白松香油、岩蔷薇油和熏衣草油。以下为单独或以混合形式优选使用的物质:佛手柑油、二氢月桂烯醇、铃兰醛、新铃兰醛、香茅醇、苯乙醇、α‐己基肉桂醛、香叶醇、苄丙酮、仙客来醛、芳樟醇、乙氧基甲氧基环十一烷、龙涎呋喃、吲哚、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(hedione)、sandelice、柑橘类精油、柑橘油、橙油、乙醇酸烯丙基戊酯、cyclovertal、醒目熏衣草油、鼠尾草油、大马酮、波旁香叶油、水杨酸环己酯、Vertofix Coeur、Iso‐E‐Super、Fixolide NP、evernyl、iraldein gamma、苯乙酸、乙酸香叶酯、乙酸苄酯、玫瑰醚、romilllate、2‐乙基‐己酸乙酯(irotyl)和2‐叔丁基环己基乙基碳酸酯(floramat)。
例如薄荷油、留兰香油、大茴香籽油、八角茴香油、枯茗油、桉树油、小茴香油、柠檬油、冬青油、丁香油、薄荷醇等可以用作香料。
口香糖
当口服制剂是口香糖时,它们通常含有水不溶性成分和水溶性成分。
水不溶性底物,也已知为“胶基”通常含有天然或合成弹性体、树脂、脂肪和油体、塑化剂、填料、染料以及任选蜡。底物在总制剂中的比例通常为5至95重量%,优选10至50重量%并且特别是20至35重量%。在本发明的典型实施方案中底物由20至60重量%的合成弹性体、0至30重量%的天然弹性体、5至55重量%的塑化剂、4至35重量%的填料以及少量添加剂如染料、抗氧化剂等构成,前提是少量的它们在所有情况下是水溶性。
适当的合成弹性体是例如平均分子量(根据GPC)为10000至100000,优选50000至80000的聚异丁烯,异丁烯‐异戊二烯共聚物(“丁基弹性体”)、苯乙烯‐丁二烯共聚物(苯乙烯:丁二烯比例如1:3至3:1)、平均分子量(根据GPC)为2000至90000,并且优选10000至65000的聚乙烯乙酸酯、聚异戊二烯、聚乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯‐月桂酸乙烯酯共聚物及其混合物。适当的天然弹性体实例是橡胶,例如烟熏乳胶或液态乳胶或银胶菊以及天然橡胶如节路顿胶、lechi caspi、派里罗胶(perillo)、香豆果胶(sorva)、二齿铁线子木胶(massaranduba balata)、巧克力铁线子木胶(massaranduba chocolate)、红檀木胶(nispero)、柔星丁哈胶(rosindinha)、糖胶树胶、古塔胶(gutta hang kang)及其混合物。合成和天然弹性体的选择及其混合比例主要根据口香糖是否会产生气泡(“泡泡糖”)。优选地,使用含有节路顿胶、chicle、香豆果胶和铁线子木胶的弹性体混合物。
在大多数情况下,弹性体很难加工或充分控制,因此已经证明有利的是使用特定的塑化剂,其当然必须特别满足允许作为食品添加剂的所有要求。在这方面主要考虑树脂酸的酯,例如低脂肪醇或多元醇与完全或部分硬化的单体或低聚树脂酸的酯。为此特别使用甲基、甘油或季戊四醇酯及其混合物。或者,也可以考虑萜烯树脂,其源自α‐蒎烯、β‐蒎烯、δ‐柠檬烯或其混合物。
碳酸镁或碳酸钙、磨碎的泡沫岩、硅酸盐,特别是硅酸镁或硅酸铝、黏土、矾土、滑石粉、二氧化钛、磷酸单钙、二钙或三钙以及纤维素聚合物用作填料或增稠剂。
适当的乳化剂是牛脂、硬化牛脂、硬化或部分硬化植物油、可可脂、偏甘油酯、卵磷脂、三醋精和含有6至22,优选12至18个碳原子的饱和或未饱和脂肪酸,及其混合物。
可以考虑用作染料和漂白剂的是例如允许用于食物调色的FD和C型植物和水果提取物以及二氧化钛。
底物组合物可以含有蜡或不含蜡;不含蜡组合物的实例可见于专利文件US 5,286,500,其内容在此通过引用明确纳入。
除了水不溶性胶基,口香糖制剂通常含有水溶性成分,其例如由软化剂、甜味剂、填料、味觉物质、味道增强剂、乳化剂、染料、酸化剂、抗氧化剂等构成,前提是这些成分具备至少充分的水溶性。根据特定代表物质的水溶性,单一成分可以属于水不溶相或者水溶性相。然而,也可以使用例如水溶性乳化剂和水不溶性乳化剂的结合,其中单一代表物质位于不同相。通常,水不溶成分构成制剂的5至95重量%,并且优选约20至80重量%。
将水溶性软化剂或塑化剂加入口香糖组合物用于改善咀嚼性和咀嚼感受,并且在混合物中用量通常为0.5至15重量%。典型实例是甘油、卵磷脂以及山梨糖醇、硬化淀粉水解物或玉米糖浆的水溶液。
可以考虑含糖或不含糖化合物作为甜味剂,其用量为5至95重量%,优选20至80重量%,并且特别是30至60重量%,基于口香糖组合物计。典型的糖类甜味剂是蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精、转化糖粉、果糖、果糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆及其混合物。可以考虑山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、硬化淀粉水解物、麦芽糖醇及其混合物作为糖替代物。此外定义为高强度人造甜味剂(HIAS)的物质单独或者作为混合物也可以作为添加剂,如例如三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、醋磺内酯盐、阿力甜、糖精和糖精盐、环己氨磺酸及其盐、甘草甜素、二氢查儿酮、索马甜、莫耐林甜蛋白等。
特别地,为了生产低卡路里口香糖,适当的填料是例如聚葡萄糖、低聚果糖(raftilose)、菊粉(raftilin)、寡聚果糖(NutraFlora)、帕拉金寡糖(palatinoseoligosaaccharides)、瓜尔胶水解产物(SunFiber)和糊精。
额外的味觉物质的选择实际上是无限的,并且对于本发明在本质上不是至关重要的。通常所有味觉物质的总含量为0.1至15重量%,优选为0.2至5重量%,基于口香糖组合物计。其它适合的味觉物质是例如精油,合成香料等,如例如大茴香籽油、八角油、枯茗油、桉树油、茴香油、柑桔油、冬青油、丁香油等也可以在口腔和牙齿护理物中使用。
此外口香糖可以含有其他适用于牙齿护理,尤其是适用于抵抗牙斑和牙龈炎的助剂和添加剂,如洗必泰、CPC或三氯生。此外,可以存在pH调节剂(例如缓冲剂或尿素)、抗龋齿活性物质(例如磷酸盐或氟化物)、生物活性成分(抗体、酶、咖啡因、植物提取物),只要这些物质允许用于食物,并且不会以不想要的方式相互反应。
工业应用
本发明的其他主题是本发明的物质混合物用于制备香料制剂的用途。由此制得的香料制剂特别有利地用于改善、增强或传递甜味和/或用于遮蔽例如甜味剂,优选苦、涩和/或类甜味剂(后)味道的不良味道印象。
因此本发明的另一个主题是本发明的物质混合物用于改善、增强或传递甜味和/或用于遮蔽例如甜味剂,优选苦、涩和/或类甜味剂(后)味道的不良味道印象的用途。
此外本发明的主题是一种香料制剂,含有上述根据本发明的物质混合物。
特别地本发明涉及口服制剂,含有根据本发明的物质混合物或根据本发明的香料组合物,其含有根据本发明的物质混合物。
此外本发明涉及一种改善、增强或传递甜味或遮蔽选自苦、涩和/或类甜味剂(后)味道的不良味道印象的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供一种甜味剂,其在口中产生不良味道印象,
b)提供根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的物质混合物,
c)将步骤a)和b)的成分混合。
本发明的另一主题是一种用于口服制剂味道优化的方法,其特征在于,使用0.0001重量%至2重量%的混合物,其含有成分
(a)悬钩子苷和/或α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷,
(b)淀粉降解产物,和
(c)任选一种或多种酚类天然产生的甜味增强香料物质,选自组包括橙皮素、根皮素、1‐(2,4‐二氢‐苯基)‐3‐(3‐羟基‐4‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐丙‐1‐酮、7,3‐二氢‐4′甲氧基黄烷和5‐羟基‐4‐(4‐羟基‐3‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐7‐甲氧基‐2‐苯并二氢吡喃酮。
最后本发明涉及物质混合物,含有
(a)悬钩子苷和/或α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷,
(b)淀粉降解产物,和
(c)任选一种或多种酚类天然产生的甜味增强香料物质,选自组包括橙皮素、根皮素、1‐(2,4‐二氢‐苯基)‐3‐(3‐羟基‐4‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐丙‐1‐酮、7,3‐二氢‐4′甲氧基黄烷和5‐羟基‐4‐(4‐羟基‐3‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐7‐甲氧基‐2‐苯并二氢吡喃酮
作为香料制剂用作口服制剂的用途。
对于混合物的优选组成,优选使用和加入量以及香料物质的性能参考上文。
本发明的另一个主题是一种改善、增强或传递甜味或遮蔽选自苦、涩和/或类甜味剂(后)味道的不良味道印象的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供一种甜味剂,其在口中产生不良味道印象,
b)提供根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的物质混合物,
c)将步骤a)和b)的成分混合。
实施例
实施例1
α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的制备式实例
以1:1比例称取由土豆得到的麦芽糊精和含有70%甜叶悬钩子苷的黑莓叶提取物。随后加入0.1M磷酸钠缓冲液,在pH7下搅拌至所有成分完全溶解。通过在每g底物中加入1.4KNU‐CP环麦芽糊精葡聚糖转移酶开始反应。随后在轻微振荡下将该混合物在50℃下温育15h,10分钟内加热至80℃并随后冻干。借助LC‐MS和AF4分析混合物。
表1
用作香料制剂的物质混合物的组成,含有α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷和淀粉降解产物(以面积%计)
实施例2
香料制剂
将以下成分混合以制备相应的香料制剂
表2
香料制剂(以重量%计)
实施例3
饮料制剂
使用不同的根据本发明的物质混合物制备软饮并在20℃下将产品放置40h。随后由8名受训测试者组成的评定组在0(不存在)至10(显著表达)的线性标度上评价味道性能(描述符:初始甜味、甜味强度、糖味/充实味道感受)。组成和结果在下表3中总结。实施方案1和2为根据本发明,实施方案V1、V2和V3用于对比。实施方案C对应于标准,即未加香料的产品的味道评估。
表3
软饮制剂的味道性能(以重量%计)
糖减少的对比样C明显地评价最差。与之相反样品2最好。加入少量的橙皮素(V1)无法改善味道值。两个根据本发明的实施方案1和2相对于糖变体(C)表现出改善的初始甜味,提高的甜味强度和改进的糖味/充实味道感受。与样品V2相比实施方案1表现出更高的甜味强度和初始甜味以及改善的充实味道感受。α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷和(2)的结合与仅含α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(1)以及含有甜叶悬钩子苷和橙皮素的变体相比可以增强甜味强度和充实味道感受。另一方面在根据本发明的实施方案(2)中橙皮素与α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷的结合与甜叶悬钩子苷和橙皮素的结合相比可以遮蔽类甜味剂或类酒精后味。
实施例4至9:
下文中本发明借助其他制剂实施例进行说明:
实施例4
清爽饮料(以重量%)
按给定的顺序混合组分并加水至100%。将混合物加入玻璃瓶并加入碳酸。
实施例5
硬焦糖(以重量%计)
内含物 | A | B | C | D |
糖 | 74.50 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
M型帕拉金糖醇(Palatinit) | ‐ | 74.00 | 75.50 | 75.00 |
柠檬酸 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | ‐ |
黄色色素 | ‐ | 0.01 | ‐ | ‐ |
红色色素 | ‐ | ‐ | 0.01 | ‐ |
蓝色色素 | 0.01 | ‐ | ‐ | 0.01 |
胡椒薄荷香料 | 0.1 | ‐ | ‐ | 0.1 |
柑橘香料 | ‐ | 0.1 | ‐ | ‐ |
红莓香料 | ‐ | ‐ | 0.1 | ‐ |
实施例1的含有麦芽糊精的物质混合物C | 0.01 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 0.008 |
Balansin A | ‐ | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.005 |
橙皮素 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | ||
根皮素 | ‐ | 0.002 | ‐ | ‐ |
水 | 加至100 | 加至100 | 加至100 | 加至100 |
1)Pure Circle公司的甜菊糖苷/麦芽糊精混合物(80:20)
实施例6
低脂酸奶(以重量%计)
实施例7
水果口香糖(以重量%计)
实施例8
无糖口香糖(以重量%计)
实施例9
布丁(以g计)
Claims (14)
1.物质混合物,含有1重量%至60重量%的至少一种通式(I)化合物,其中m=n=0
和至少一种通式(I)的其他化合物,其中m或n≥1,前提是m和n相互独立地为0至50。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合物,含有至少一种式(I)化合物,其中m和n相互独立地为0至50并且其和m+n>0,m+n≤50。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合物,其中混合物额外含有淀粉降解产物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合物,其中淀粉降解产物含有3至100个α‐1‐4‐连接D‐吡喃型葡萄糖基。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的混合物,其中混合物额外含有一种或多种酚类天然产生的甜味增强香料物质,选自组包括橙皮素、根皮素、1‐(2,4‐二氢‐苯基)‐3‐(3‐羟基‐4‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐丙‐1‐酮和5‐羟基‐4‐(4‐羟基‐3‐甲氧基‐苯基)‐7‐甲氧基‐2‐苯并二氢吡喃酮。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的混合物,含有
(a1)1重量%至60重量%的甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=0),
(a2)1重量%至30重量的具备共3个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=1),
(a3)1重量%至30重量%的具备共4个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=2),
(a4)1重量%至25重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=3),
(a5)0.1重量%至20重量%的具备共6个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=4),
(a6)0.05重量%至10重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=5),
(a7)0重量%至10重量%的甜菊单苷或其异构体,其中一种或多种甜菊单苷‐异构体相对于甜叶悬钩子苷的存在比例为100:1至1:100,
(a8)以及1重量%至90重量%的具备8至50(m+n在6至48之间)的高α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷.
其中所有成分(a1)至(a8)的总量至少为80重量%,并且剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
7.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的混合物,含有
(a1)少于50重量%的甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=0),
(a2)多于10重量%的具备共3个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=1),
(a3)多于15重量%的具备共4个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=2),
(a4)多于5重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=3),
(a5)少于6重量%的甜菊单苷,
其中所有成分(a1)至(a5)的总量至少为80重量%,并且剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
8.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的混合物,含有
(a1)少于30重量%的甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=0),
(a2)多于15重量%的具备共3个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=1),
(a3)多于18重量%的具备共4个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=2),
(a4)多于10重量%的具备共5个葡糖单元的α‐葡糖基甜叶悬钩子苷(m+n=3),
(a5)少于2.5重量%甜菊单苷,
其中所有成分(a1)至(a5)的总量至少为80重量%,并且剩余量通常由水、甘油、淀粉降解产物、蛋白质、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸酯构成。
9.根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的混合物,其中存在至少一个式(I)的化合物具备m或n≥1,其选自组包括
·悬钩子三糖苷(化合物1),其中R1和R2分别为H‐和Glcα1‐,
·悬钩子三糖苷(化合物2),其中R1和R2分别为Glcα1‐和H‐,
·悬钩子四糖苷(化合物3),其中R1和R2为Glcα1‐,
·悬钩子四糖苷(化合物4),其中R1和R2分别为‐Glcα1‐4Glcα和H‐,
·悬钩子四糖苷(化合物5),其中R1和R2分别为H‐和‐Glcα1‐4Glcα,
·悬钩子五糖苷(化合物6),其中R1和R2分别为‐Glcα1‐4Glcα和Glcα1‐,
·悬钩子五糖苷(化合物7),其中R1和R2分别为Glcα1‐和‐Glcα1‐4Glcα,
·悬钩子六糖苷(化合物8),其中R1和R2为2‐Glcα1‐4Glcα,
·悬钩子五糖苷(化合物9),其中R1和R2分别为‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα和H‐,
·悬钩子五糖苷(化合物10),其中R1和R2分别为H‐和‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα,
·悬钩子六糖苷(化合物11),其中R1和R2分别为‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα和Glcα1‐,
·悬钩子六糖苷(化合物12),其中R1和R2分别为Glcα1‐和‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα,
·悬钩子七糖苷(化合物13),其中R1和R2分别为‐Glcα1‐4Glcα和‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα,
·悬钩子七糖苷(化合物14),其中R1和R2分别为‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα和‐Glcα1‐4Glcα,
·悬钩子八糖苷(化合物15),其中R1和R2为‐Glcα1‐4Glcα1‐4Glcα。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的混合物用于制备香料制剂的用途。
11.根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的混合物用于改善、增强或传递甜味和/或用于遮蔽例如甜味剂,优选苦、涩和/或类甜味剂(后)味道的不良味道印象。
12.香料制剂,含有根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的混合物。
13.口服制剂,含有根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的混合物或根据权利要求12所述的香料制剂。
14.用于制备根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的物质混合物中的悬钩子苷的方法,包括在1,4‐糖基化碳水化合物,优选为糖类的转糖基化反应中使用α‐环糊精葡聚糖转移酶,其中反应底物是黑莓叶提取物。
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PCT/EP2015/063092 WO2015189346A1 (de) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-06-11 | Neue stoffmischung zur verbesserung des süssgeschmacks enthaltend rubusosid oder alpha-glycosylrubusosid |
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