CN106419803B - Intravascular photoacoustic absorption, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope and its imaging method - Google Patents
Intravascular photoacoustic absorption, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope and its imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106419803B CN106419803B CN201610795903.2A CN201610795903A CN106419803B CN 106419803 B CN106419803 B CN 106419803B CN 201610795903 A CN201610795903 A CN 201610795903A CN 106419803 B CN106419803 B CN 106419803B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0093—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy
- A61B5/0095—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy by applying light and detecting acoustic waves, i.e. photoacoustic measurements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0891—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of blood vessels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
Abstract
The invention belongs to endoscopic technique fields, disclose a kind of intravascular photoacoustic absorption, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope apparatus and imaging method.The endoscope and image processing device includes photoacoustic signal excitation component, rotary components, signal acquisition component, signal processing and image reconstruction component;Photoacoustic signal excitation component includes pulse laser, fiber coupler, multimode fibre, optical fiber slip ring, focuses on grin lens and metallic-membrane plating reflector;The rotary components include stepper motor, electric slip ring and torque coil;Signal acquisition component includes ultrasonic transducer and data collecting card;Signal processing and image reconstruction component include amplifier, preamplifier, oscillograph, lock-in amplifier and computer;The multimode endoscope diameter is 1mm, it can be achieved that acquisition imaging or the selection of single-mode imaging while three kinds of imaging patterns.The integration endoscope combine three kinds of imaging patterns and its it is respective the advantages of, intravascular many reference amounts physical message and multiple dimensioned structure imaging can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to endoscope technical field of nondestructive testing, more particularly to a kind of intravascular photoacoustic absorbs, elasticity, viscosity
Multi-modality imaging integration endoscope apparatus and imaging method.
Background technology
At present, existing intravascular sight glass is with ultrasound or light such as intravascular ultrasound imaging or photoacoustic imaging endoscope
As excitation source excitation vascular tissue, obtain the ultrasonic signal amplitude size of vasoreflex, according to the amplitude for receiving signal come into
Row back projection imaging only obtains absorption information of the vascular tissue to light, comprehensive, true accurately blood vessel can not be carried out
It judges.
Application No. is 201110008213.5, patent name is《Photoacoustic elastic imaging method and its device》Document disclose
A kind of technology, which generates photoacoustic signal using the continuous light source of intensity modulated, by measuring the signal and modulated signal
Phase difference and point by point scanning, reconstruct the elasticity distribution image of sample.But it in the above-mentioned methods, can not obtain sticky ginseng
Number can not realize sticky imaging, and the use of spot size after lens focus be 1 square millimeter, and the image resolution ratio of formation is low.
Patent application No. is 201210220399.5 discloses a kind of " focusing rotation sweep photoacoustic ultrasound blood vessel endoscope
Imaging device and its imaging method ", the technology carry out sound focusing using double array element ultrasonic transducers, realize focusing intravascular
Photoacoustic ultrasound is imaged.But what the present apparatus obtained is that endovascular reflectance ultrasound and optoacoustic absorb, can not provide elasticity and viscosity into
Picture, and the angles and positions difficulty of matching of double array element ultrasonic transducers is high, the reduction accuracy that docking is collected mail number it is not high and
Light is not focused, and resolution ratio is poor.
Invention content
The shortcomings that it is a primary object of the present invention to overcome the prior art with it is insufficient, provide a kind of intravascular photoacoustic absorb,
Elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging endoscope apparatus and its imaging method, the endoscope can carry out the imaging of Three models, reflect blood vessel
Interior histological difference and the elasticity and sticky parameter of acquisition blood vessel.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
It is absorbed the present invention provides a kind of intravascular photoacoustic, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, including:Light
Acoustical signal excitation component, rotary components, signal acquisition component, signal processing and image reconstruction component;
The photoacoustic signal excitation component includes pulse laser, fiber coupler, multimode fibre, optical fiber slip ring, focusing
Grin lens and metallic-membrane plating reflector;The rotary components include stepper motor, electric slip ring and torque coil;The signal acquisition group
Part includes ultrasonic transducer and data collecting card;The signal processing and image reconstruction component include amplifier, preamplifier,
Oscillograph, lock-in amplifier and computer;
The fiber coupler, optical fiber slip ring, electric slip ring, torque coil, multimode fibre, focuses on grin lens, plating at optical fiber
Film speculum, ultrasonic transducer and integrated casing sequentially coaxially mechanical fasteners;The pulse laser, oscillograph, lock are mutually put
Big device, ultrasonic transducer, data collecting card and computer are electrically connected successively;The pulse laser connects with lock-in amplifier
It connects;On the one hand the lock-in amplifier is connect with computer, on the other hand connect with lock-in amplifier, ultrasonic transducer;It is described
Pulse laser is connect with oscillograph, and on the one hand the oscillograph is connect with ultrasonic transducer, on the other hand connect with computer.
As preferred technical solution, the multimode fibre tail end focuses on grin lens, metallic-membrane plating reflector and ultrasound
Energy converter, which is uniformly assemblied in integrated casing, is assembled into intravascular sight glass, endoscope diameter 1mm, total length 8mm.
As preferred technical solution, the ultrasonic transducer be intravascular viscoplasticity ultrasonic probe, center probe frequency
For 3MHz, frequency range 1.5MHz~4.5MHz of ultrasonic signal is received, ultrasonic transducer size is long 4mm, wide 0.6mm, high
0.7mm;The intravascular viscoplasticity ultrasonic probe is made of composite wafer, matching layer and back lining materials, and is used and carried on the back again
The production method of material individual layer matching layer is made, and can obtain high-resolution optoacoustic information, can also be handled and obtained by lock-in amplifier
Phase information in operating frequency range.
As preferred technical solution, the focusing grin lens are focussed collimated lens, focal length 4mm, and and plated film
Speculum glue connects, and focuses on a diameter of 0.5mm of grin lens.
As preferred technical solution, the metallic-membrane plating reflector is right-angle prism for increasing reflection power, inclined-plane with
The angle of right-angle side is respectively 30 ° and 60 °, so, output light and exit facet angle are 30 °.
As preferred technical solution, the multimode fibre output light line focus grin lens and metallic-membrane plating reflector reflection
Laser spot afterwards is located at the surface of ultrasonic transducer.
As preferred technical solution, the stepper motor includes rotating stepper motor and translation stepper motor, is two
Phase step motor, minimum step angle are 0.9 °;The rotating stepper motor is used for rotation sweep, and the translation stepper motor is used for
Scan through the scanning of the advance after a circle.
As preferred technical solution, the pulse laser repetition rate is 3MHz, is locked using lock-in amplifier maximum
Phase frequency is 3MHz.
As preferred technical solution, the lock-in amplifier uses 16 digit mode converters, and maximum frequency of phase locking is
3MHz using FPGA+ARM platform architectures, based on digital modulation, output filter, can be measured accurately and fast and be submerged in greatly
Useful signal component in noise inhibits useless noise, improves detection signal-to-noise ratio, and obtain the phase information of photoacoustic signal, counts
Calculate viscoelastic ratio.
It is absorbed the present invention also provides a kind of intravascular photoacoustic, the imaging of elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope
Method includes the following steps:
(1) it excites:Pulse laser exports pulse laser, and pulse laser is coupled into multimode fibre through fiber coupler,
From the pulsed light of optical fiber output through optical fiber slip ring and then through over-focusing grin lens collimation focusing, into speculum, by speculum
It is reflected into blood vessel and inspires photoacoustic signal;
(2) it acquires:The photoacoustic signal of generation is excited in blood vessel tissue, is detected by ultrasonic transducer, through amplifier
It is divided into three tunnels after amplification:A part is transferred in high-speed data acquisition card acquisition storage to computer;Another part is through amplification
It is transferred in oscillograph after device amplification, the rise time of displacement is obtained after processing;Part III is transferred in preamplifier and passes through
It is transferred in lock-in amplifier after amplification, obtains phase difference, final all data all summarize in a computer;
(3) it scans:After the photoacoustic signal acquisition for completing a certain position, the control software control stepper motor on computer
It being rotated, stepper motor rotation drives torque coil and integrated sight glass synchronous rotary, until one week has been acquired, displacement steps
Stepper motor is moved, and the acquisition of photoacoustic signal is carried out to the next position, in this way, until the annular for completing entire blood vessel is swept
It retouches;
(4) image reconstruction and display:It records and photoacoustic signal data is handled on image processing software, optoacoustic can be carried out
Imaging, the rise time of sample surfaces vibration displacement can be obtained further according to oscillograph, elastic parameter can be obtained, by following
Formula:
E=2.998 ρ (R/tmax)2
Wherein, E is elasticity modulus, and ρ is biological tissue density, and R is spot radius, tmaxFor sample surfaces vibration displacement
Rise time, elasticity modulus can be obtained by measuring the rise time of sample surfaces vibration displacement, can carry out elastogram;Again by locking
Phase amplifier obtains the phase difference δ for detecting signal and initial signal, can basis
Tan δ=η ω/E,
Obtain sticky image;Wherein, δ is phase difference, and η is viscosity, and ω is the repetition rate of laser, and E is elasticity modulus.
Image is shown on the display of computer formed by Three models.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and advantageous effect:
(1) present invention realizes optoacoustic absorption, elasticity and viscosity and is imaged three kinds of blood vessel endoscope imaging methods integrations, simplified
Detection means, can realize that three kinds of imaging patterns are carried out at the same time.
(2) three external morphology of the invention that vascular tissue can be obtained simultaneously, elasticity, sticky difference parameters, by right
Accuracy of detection, resolution ratio are improved than these three parameters.
(3) present invention optimizes elasticity and sticky imaging technique, and elastogram and viscosity imaging have been attached to endoscope
In, enrich the information that endoscope obtains.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be intravascular photoacoustic of the present invention absorb, the schematic diagram of elasticity, sticky multimode endoscopic imaging device
Fig. 2 be intravascular photoacoustic of the present invention absorb, the structural representation of elasticity, sticky integrated probe multi-modality imaging endoscope
Figure.Wherein, Fig. 3 is the relational graph of photoacoustic signal and sample surfaces vibration displacement.
Fig. 4 is to lock the signal graph of photoacoustic signal and former laser triggering for mutually amplifying and receiving.
Drawing reference numeral explanation:1st, pulse laser;2nd, fiber coupler;3rd, optical fiber slip ring;4th, motor;5th, electric slip ring;6、
Endoscope;7th, computer;8th, lock-in amplifier;9th, preamplifier;10th, amplifier;11st, oscillograph;12nd, optical fiber;13rd, it focuses on
Grin lens;14th, it is metallic-membrane plating reflector;15th, it is ultrasonic transducer.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Embodiment
Intravascular photoacoustic of the present invention absorbs, structure diagram such as Fig. 1 institutes of elasticity, sticky multimode endoscopic imaging device
Show:Wherein, 1 is pulse laser, and 2 be fiber coupler, and 3 be optical fiber slip ring, and 4 be motor, and 5 be electric slip ring, and 6 be intravascular light
Sound absorption, elasticity, the integrated endoscope of viscosity, 7 be computer, and 8 be lock-in amplifier, and 9 be preamplifier, and 10 be amplification
Device, 11 be oscillograph.
Fig. 2 be intravascular photoacoustic of the present invention absorb, the structure diagram of elasticity, the integrated endoscope of viscosity.Wherein, 12 are
Optical fiber, 13 is focus on grin lens, and 14 be metallic-membrane plating reflector, and 15 be ultrasonic transducer.
The optoacoustic absorbs, peeps in elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging, fiber coupler, optical fiber, optical fiber slip ring, electric slip ring,
Torque coil, focuses on grin lens, metallic-membrane plating reflector, ultrasonic transducer sequentially coaxially mechanical fasteners at multimode fibre;Pulse laser
Device, oscillograph and lock-in amplifier and ultrasonic transducer, data collecting card and computer are electrically connected successively.Pulse laser with
Lock-in amplifier connects, and lock-in amplifier connect with computer, and lock-in amplifier is connect with ultrasonic transducer, pulse laser and
Oscillograph connects, and oscillograph is connect with ultrasonic transducer, and oscillograph is connect with computer.
The pulse laser synchronism output lock-in amplifier and oscillograph.The photoacoustic signal that ultrasonic transducer receives
Lock-in amplifier and oscillograph are transferred to, phase difference is respectively obtained and the rise time is transmitted further to computer disposal, obtain image.
Described pulse laser output pulsed light, multimode fibre is coupled by fiber coupler, by smooth ring it
Afterwards, line focus grin lens focus on, and are reflected by a reflector blood vessel, photoacoustic signal is inspired by optoacoustic effect, the light inspired
Acoustical signal is received by ultrasonic transducer, and photoacoustic signal is converted into electric signal, is transferred to lock-in amplifier and oscillograph.
In the present embodiment, the multimode fibre tail end, focusing grin lens, metallic-membrane plating reflector and ultrasonic transducer
It is uniformly assemblied in integrated casing and is assembled into intravascular sight glass, endoscope diameter 1mm, total length 8mm.
The ultrasonic transducer is intravascular viscoplasticity ultrasonic probe, and center probe frequency is 3MHz, receives ultrasonic signal
Frequency range 1.5MHz~4.5MHz, ultrasonic transducer size be long 4mm, wide 0.6mm, high 0.7mm;The intravascular viscoelastic
Property ultrasonic probe be made of composite wafer, matching layer and back lining materials, and using the making side of weight backing individual layer matching layer
Method is made, and can obtain high-resolution optoacoustic information, also can handle the phase obtained in operating frequency range by lock-in amplifier
Information.
The grin lens that focus on is focussed collimated lens, focal length 4mm, and connect with metallic-membrane plating reflector glue, focus on GRIN
Lens diameter is 0.5mm.
The metallic-membrane plating reflector is right-angle prism for increasing reflection power, and the angle of inclined-plane and right-angle side is respectively
30 ° and 60 °, so, output light and exit facet angle are 30 °.
Laser spot after the multimode fibre output light line focus grin lens and metallic-membrane plating reflector reflection is located at super
The surface of sonic transducer.
The stepper motor includes rotating stepper motor and translation stepper motor, is two-phase stepping motor, minimum step
Angle is 0.9 °;The rotating stepper motor is used for rotation sweep, and the translation stepper motor is used to scan through the advance after a circle
Scanning.
The pulse laser repetition rate is 3MHz, the use of lock-in amplifier maximum frequency of phase locking is 3MHz.
Idiographic flow when Fig. 1 shown devices are imaged is as follows:
(1) it excites:Pulse laser is opened, debugging pulse laser exports the pulse laser of appropriate energy, pulse laser
Multimode fibre is coupled into through fiber coupler, from the pulsed light of optical fiber output through optical fiber slip ring and then through over-focusing grin lens
Collimation focusing into speculum, is reflected into blood vessel by speculum and inspires photoacoustic signal.
(2) it acquires:The photoacoustic signal of generation is excited in blood vessel tissue, is detected by ultrasonic transducer, through amplifier
It is divided into three tunnels after amplification:A part is transferred to high-speed data acquisition card (pulse laser, which synchronizes, to be triggered) acquisition storage and arrives and calculate
In machine;Another part is transferred to after amplifier amplifies in oscillograph, and the rise time of displacement is obtained after processing;Another part passes
It is defeated to be transferred in lock-in amplifier to amplified in preamplifier, obtain phase difference.Final all data are all summarised in
In computer.
(3) it scans:After the photoacoustic signal acquisition for completing a certain position, the control software control stepper motor on computer
It being rotated, stepper motor rotation drives torque coil and integrated sight glass synchronous rotary, until one week has been acquired, displacement steps
Stepper motor is moved, and the acquisition of photoacoustic signal is carried out to the next position, in this way, until the annular for completing entire blood vessel is swept
It retouches.
(4) image reconstruction and display:Record simultaneously on image processing software handle photoacoustic signal data, using algorithm into
Row projection obtains the photoacoustic image of blood vessel, elastic image and sticky image;Image formed by Three models is shown in calculating
On the display of machine.
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of intravascular photoacoustic absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, which is characterized in that including:Optoacoustic is believed
Number excitation component, rotary components, signal acquisition component, signal processing and image reconstruction component;
The photoacoustic signal excitation component includes pulse laser, fiber coupler, multimode fibre, optical fiber slip ring, focuses on GRIN
Lens and metallic-membrane plating reflector;The rotary components include stepper motor, electric slip ring and torque coil;The signal acquisition component packet
Include ultrasonic transducer and data collecting card;The signal processing and image reconstruction component include in blood vessel tissue to swash
Amplifier, preamplifier, oscillograph, lock-in amplifier and the calculating of oscillograph are transferred to after the photoacoustic signal amplification that hair generates
Machine;
The fiber coupler, optical fiber slip ring, electric slip ring, torque coil, multimode fibre, focus on grin lens, metallic-membrane plating reflector,
Ultrasonic transducer and integrated casing sequentially coaxially mechanical fasteners;The pulse laser, oscillograph, lock-in amplifier, ultrasound
Energy converter, data collecting card and computer are electrically connected successively;The pulse laser is connect with lock-in amplifier;The lock phase
On the one hand amplifier is connect with computer, on the other hand connect with ultrasonic transducer;The pulse laser is connect with oscillograph,
On the one hand the oscillograph is connect with ultrasonic transducer, on the other hand connect with computer;
The ultrasonic transducer is intravascular viscoplasticity ultrasonic probe, and center probe frequency is 3MHz, receives the frequency of ultrasonic signal
Rate range 1.5MHz~4.5MHz, ultrasonic transducer size are long 4mm, wide 0.6mm, high 0.7mm;The intravascular viscoplasticity surpasses
Sonic probe is made of composite wafer, matching layer and back lining materials, and using the production method system of weight backing individual layer matching layer
Into, high-resolution optoacoustic information can be obtained, it also can be by the phase information in lock-in amplifier processing acquisition operating frequency range.
2. intravascular photoacoustic according to claim 1 absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, feature
It is, the multimode fibre tail end, focusing grin lens, metallic-membrane plating reflector and ultrasonic transducer are uniformly assemblied in integration
Intravascular sight glass, endoscope diameter 1mm, total length 8mm are assembled into shell.
3. intravascular photoacoustic according to claim 1 absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, feature
It is, the grin lens that focus on is focussed collimated lens, focal length 4mm, and connect with metallic-membrane plating reflector glue, focus on grin lens
A diameter of 0.5mm.
4. intravascular photoacoustic according to claim 1 absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, feature
It is, the metallic-membrane plating reflector is right-angle prism for increasing reflection power, and the angle of inclined-plane and right-angle side is respectively 30 °
With 60 °, so, output light and exit facet angle are 30 °.
5. intravascular photoacoustic according to claim 1 absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, feature
It is, the laser spot after the multimode fibre output light line focus grin lens and metallic-membrane plating reflector reflection is changed positioned at ultrasound
The surface of energy device.
6. intravascular photoacoustic according to claim 1 absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, feature
It is, the stepper motor includes rotating stepper motor and translation stepper motor, is two-phase stepping motor, minimum step angle is
0.9°;The rotating stepper motor is used for rotation sweep, and the translation stepper motor is used to scan through the advance scanning after a circle.
7. intravascular photoacoustic according to claim 1 absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, feature
It is, the pulse laser repetition rate is 3MHz, the use of lock-in amplifier maximum frequency of phase locking is 3MHz.
8. intravascular photoacoustic according to claim 1 absorbs, elasticity, sticky multi-modality imaging integration endoscope, feature
It is, the lock-in amplifier uses 16 digit mode converters, and maximum frequency of phase locking is 3MHz, using FPGA+ARM paralells
Structure based on digital modulation, output filter, can accurately and fast measure the useful signal component being submerged in big noise, suppression
Useless noise is made, improves detection signal-to-noise ratio, and obtain the phase information of photoacoustic signal, calculates viscoelastic ratio.
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