CN104545811B - A kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system and method - Google Patents
A kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system and method, and Ink vessel transfusing imaging system includes：LASER Light Source, coupling optical path, signal acquisition and controlling system, delay circuit, ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument, 3 D scanning system and optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device；The pulse laser of LASER Light Source transmitting passes sequentially through coupling optical path, 3 D scanning system and imports optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device, and photoacoustic signal is excited in pulse laser oblique incidence to vascular wall；The synchronous triggering signal of LASER Light Source transmitting enters ultrasonic signal and receives and dispatches instrument, and ultrasonic signal receives and dispatches instrument and controls optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device transmitting and received ultrasonic signal according to synchronous triggering signal；Signal acquisition and controlling system is received and dispatched instrument and receives photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal from optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device by ultrasonic signal, and three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generates the 3-D view and cross sectional image of intravascular tissue.By the invention it is possible to provide image taking speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is on Ink vessel transfusing imaging technique, especially with regard to a kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system and method.
Background technology
Using organizing, the light absorbs of itself are contrasted intravascular photoacoustic imaging technique and the method for optoacoustic spectroscopy detects patch
Chemical composition, and fusion ultrasonic imaging technique obtains endovascular structural information, it is potential to know as vulnerable plaque early stage imaging
An important new technology in not.But at present, the image taking speed one of the intravascular ultrasound imaging system of document and patent report
As be~0.05 frame/second, far from meeting Clinical practice requirement.
Intravascular photoacoustic image taking speed is primarily limited to the repetition rate of light-pulse generator at present.The weight of tunable light-pulse generator
Complex frequency and its pulsed laser energy for sending are inversely proportional, and it is the enough noises of acquisition that traditional intravascular photoacoustic imaging system is incident
Than often from the tunable pulsed laser device that single pulse energy high repetition frequency (10Hz~20Hz) is relatively low, causing its imaging speed
Degree is very slow.
Vulnerable plaque rupture is the main cause of acute cardiovascular event.The early diagnosis and early warning of vulnerable plaque, are drops
One of key technology means of the low angiocardiopathy death rate.Imaging technique has three kinds in existing clinical vascular, intravascular ultrasound,
Intravascular optical coherent tomographic, Ink vessel transfusing infrared spectrum.Intravascular ultrasound imaging technology can differentiate each film layer structure of vascular wall,
But because each soft tissue elements acoustic impedance is closer to, so ultrasonic imaging technique can not accurately judge plaque component.Blood vessel
Interior optical sectioning imaging technology has 10-20 μm of high-resolution, can be with accurate detection thin fibrous cap, but it penetrates depth
Degree generally only~1mm, the penetration depth on patch is smaller, it is impossible to which the overall structure to patch is estimated.Ink vessel transfusing is red
External spectrum can obtain structural constituent information, but without depth information, it is impossible to obtain the composition physical location.Therefore high score is researched and developed
Resolution and big imaging depth, can obtain the Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of form and component information, it has also become the urgent of clinical practice is essential
Ask.
Intravascular photoacoustic imaging technique is a kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging technique for atherosclerosis, is obtaining patch group
It is made into point and inflammation physiological function message context shows huge potentiality.The general principle of photoacoustic imaging, is by detection
After biological tissue absorbs pulse laser, the ultrasonic signal (photoacoustic signal) that is produced by instantaneous thermoelastic effect obtains tissue light
The information of absorption.The contrast of photoacoustic imaging is derived from light absorbs, and resolution ratio is derived mainly from ultrasonic signal, and this causes photoacoustic imaging
The pure optical imaging method of the high-resolution such as OCT, Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope is fundamentally breached due to low penetration caused by light scattering
Depth is limited to.Selective light based on different molecular absorbs and optoacoustic spectroscopy method, is capable of achieving highly sensitive patch chemical group
Go-on-go is surveyed.Photoacoustic imaging technology can obtain depth information in itself, with reference to ultrasonic imaging technique, distinguishable each film layer structure of vascular wall
And the distribution of patch, for judgement and the identification of vulnerable plaque provide strong foundation.
Existing intravascular photoacoustic imaging system is general by LASER Light Source, coupling optical path, system control and signal acquisition, prolongs
When circuit, ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument, 3 D scanning system and blood vessel endoscope device are constituted.Using many wherein in blood vessel endoscope device
Mode fiber is guide-lighting, and optical fiber connector processes appropriate angle, using total reflection principle, makes laser oblique incidence to tissue surface.Due to
Outgoing beam dissipates, so the energy density for inciding vascular wall is substantially reduced.Due to the strong and weak of photoacoustic signal and incide group
The energy density for knitting surface is directly proportional, and in this case, to obtain enough signal to noise ratios, and required single pulse energy is measured in mJ
Level.It is generally again 10Hz that the tunable pulsed laser that current single pulse energy reaches mJ magnitudes is thought highly of, so existing Ink vessel transfusing light
Acoustic imaging system often selects the tunable pulsed laser device of 10Hz repetition rates as light source.When every frame is made up of 200 lines,
Its image taking speed is~0.05 frame/second.
Existing blood vessel endoscope device end outgoing beam diverging, the energy density for reaching tissue is relatively low, generally requires mJ amounts
Level sees pulse energy to obtain the photoacoustic signal of enough signal to noise ratios.And the tunable pulsed laser of mJ energy can be provided at present
Device, repetition rate only has 10-20Hz, so current intravascular photoacoustic system is typically using the tunable pulsed laser of 10Hz
Device, when every frame is made up of 200 lines, the speed of photoacoustic imaging is~0.05 frame/second, and imaging is intervened far from live body is met
It is required that.It can be seen that, under current laser technology, existing intravascular photoacoustic imaging system design is cannot to realize real time imagery,
This has turned into one of key factor of limitation intravascular photoacoustic Technical investment Clinical practice.
The content of the invention
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system and method, and tissue is incided to improve
The pharosage on surface and the detection efficient of ultrasonic transducer, reduce the requirement to single pulse energy, and improve image taking speed.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system, described Ink vessel transfusing imaging
System includes：LASER Light Source, coupling optical path, signal acquisition and controlling system, delay circuit, ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument, three-dimensional are swept
Retouch system and optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device；
The pulse laser of the LASER Light Source transmitting passes sequentially through the coupling optical path, 3 D scanning system and imports the light
Sound/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device, photoacoustic signal is excited in the pulse laser oblique incidence to vascular wall；
The synchronous triggering signal of the LASER Light Source transmitting into the ultrasonic signal after the delay circuit by receiving and dispatching
Instrument, the ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument controls the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device transmitting simultaneously according to the synchronous triggering signal
Received ultrasonic signal；
The signal acquisition and controlling system is received and dispatched instrument and peeps dress from the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel by the ultrasonic signal
The reception photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal are put, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generated
The 3-D view and cross sectional image of intravascular tissue.
In one embodiment, the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device includes：Multimode fibre, flexure spring coil, matching
Pipe, focal element, reflecting element, ultrasonic transducer, protective case and support component；The matching pipe, focal element, transmitting unit
Part, ultrasonic transducer and support component are arranged in the protective case；One end of the flexure spring coil is fixed on the guarantor
The inwall of sheath, the other end connects the 3 D scanning system；The multimode fibre is through the matching pipe inside and is fixed on
One end of the focal element, the reflecting element be fixed on the focal element the other end and the ultrasonic transducer it
Between；The ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the support component；
Wherein, the exit facet of the ultrasonic transducer perpendicular to the vascular wall or the ultrasonic transducer exit facet with
The angle of the vascular wall is in the range of predetermined angle.
In one embodiment, the predetermined angle scope is 80 degree to 100 degree.
In one embodiment, the imaging mode of the Ink vessel transfusing imaging system is：
The pulse laser is transferred to the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device, the convergence by the multimode fibre
Element will be reflexed on the vascular wall after the pulse laser focusing by the reflecting element, excites the photoacoustic signal,
The photoacoustic signal enters the ultrasonic transducer；
The ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument receives the synchronous triggering signal of the LASER Light Source transmitting, according to the synchronous triggering
Signal controls the ultrasonic transducer transmitting ultrasonic signal, and the ultrasonic signal on the vascular wall after reflecting by described
Ultrasonic transducer is received；
The signal acquisition and controlling system is received and dispatched instrument and receives described from the ultrasonic transducer by the ultrasonic signal
Photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal；
Three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generate intravascular tissue 3-D view and
Cross sectional image.
In one embodiment, the numerical aperture of the focal element is more than 0.5.
In one embodiment, the frequency of the LASER Light Source is more than or equal to 1KHz.
In one embodiment, the pulse laser with 10 ° of the central axis with the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device~
Incide on the vascular wall at 80 ° of inclination angle.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of intravascular imaging method, described Ink vessel transfusing into
Image space method includes：
The pulse laser and synchronous triggering signal that transmitting is passed through by the LASER Light Source；
Control the pulse laser to pass sequentially through coupling optical path, 3 D scanning system to import in the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel
Endoscope devices, photoacoustic signal is excited after making the pulse laser oblique incidence to vascular wall；
Instrument is received and dispatched by ultrasonic signal and receives the synchronous triggering signal, and according to synchronous triggering signal control
Optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device transmitting and received ultrasonic signal；
Instrument is received and dispatched from the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device reception photoacoustic signal by the ultrasonic signal and is surpassed
Acoustic signals；
Three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generate intravascular tissue 3-D view and
Cross sectional image.
In one embodiment, the numerical aperture of the focal element is more than 0.5.
In one embodiment, the frequency of the LASER Light Source is more than or equal to 1KHz.
In one embodiment, the pulse laser with 10 ° of the central axis with the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device~
Incide on the vascular wall at 80 ° of inclination angle.
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is that the present invention is greatly reduced using the larger focal element of numerical aperture
The angle of divergence of multimode fibre outgoing pulse laser, improves the pharosage for inciding tissue surface, takes full advantage of light
Energy, it is effective to improve imaging signal to noise ratio.To tissue surface, ultrasonic transducer is then with vertical center axis for pulse laser oblique incidence
The angle of line is placed with tiny inclination angle, so that the outgoing/receiving plane of ultrasonic transducer is similar to tissue surface vertically, significantly
Enhance the detection efficient of photoacoustic signal.The present invention can also be using the laser that high repetition frequency is high, energy is low, so as to improve
Image taking speed.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, may be used also
Other accompanying drawings are obtained with according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the pulse laser of the embodiment of the present invention and the oblique incidence relation schematic diagram of vascular wall；
Fig. 4 A are two kinds of lighting systems of the embodiment of the present invention in each depth energy density distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 B are the energy ratio schematic diagram of two kinds of lighting systems in different depth of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 A are the scaffold three-dimensional optoacoustic schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 B are the scaffold three-dimensional ultrasound schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the intravascular imaging method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system, described Ink vessel transfusing imaging system bag
Include：LASER Light Source 1, coupling optical path 2, signal acquisition and controlling system 3, delay circuit 4, ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument 5,3-D scanning
System 6 and optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7.
LASER Light Source 1 is tunable pulsed laser device, for providing light source (pulse for optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7
Laser), while output electric pulse (synchronous triggering signal), to synchronous signal acquisition and control system 3 and delay circuit 4.
Optoacoustic of the invention/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 (being also called high speed blood vessel endoscope device) can be placed in human body group
In knitting, including Ink vessel transfusing, inside alimentary canal and abdominal cavity etc., the present invention is only placed in blood with by optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7
Illustrated in pipe.For endovascular situation, for example, optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 can be placed in coronary artery,
Carry out optoacoustic/ultrasonic imaging.
The pulse laser that light source is launched is carried out shaping, focusing etc. by coupling optical path 2, with high coupling efficiency by pulse laser coupling
Close into the multimode fibre of optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7.
The electric impulse signal that signal acquisition and controlling system 3 is launched using LASER Light Source 1 as synchronous triggering signal so that real
The collection of photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal in existing Synchronization Control 3 D scanning system 6 and tissue.
3 D scanning system 6 carries out 360 ° of rotations and axial movement scanning under the control of signal acquisition and controlling system 3,
It is used to realize the 3-D scanning of optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7.By 3 D scanning system 6, peeped in optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel
Device 7 obtains sectional view in 360 ° of a certain position rotation sweep, signal synchronous collection.After the station acquisition terminates, 3-D scanning
System axial is moved to the next position, endoscope and image processing device 360 ° of rotation sweeps, signal synchronous collection again, obtains sectional view.So
This process is repeated, until scanning is completed.
Ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument 5 receives the photoacoustic signal that vascular wall is produced, and launches to optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7
And receive corresponding ultrasonic signal.
Delay circuit 4 provides delay pulse signal for the ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving transmitting ultrasonic wave of instrument 5, it is ensured that what vascular wall was produced
Photoacoustic signal is non-overlapping with ultrasonic signal.Because photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal have time delay, signal acquisition and controlling system 3 is adopted
The photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal for collecting can be efficiently separated.
The image-forming principle of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention is as follows：
The pulse laser of the transmitting of LASER Light Source 1 sequentially passes through coupling optical path 2 and 3 D scanning system 6 imports optoacoustic/ultrasound
In blood vessel endoscope device 7, photoacoustic signal is excited in pulse laser oblique incidence to vascular wall, this excite photoacoustic signal by optoacoustic/
The ultrasonic transducer of ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 is received.
LASER Light Source 1 launches the synchronous triggering signal synchronous with pulse laser, and the synchronous triggering signal is by delay circuit 4
Enter ultrasonic signal afterwards and receive and dispatch instrument 5, ultrasonic signal receives and dispatches instrument 5 and controlled to peep dress in optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel according to synchronous triggering signal
Put 7 transmittings and received ultrasonic signal.Specifically, the ultrasonic transducer in optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 is in ultrasonic signal
To blood vessel wall emission ultrasonic signal under the control of transmitting-receiving instrument 5, the vascular wall is then received according to the ultrasonic signal back reflection
The ultrasonic signal returned.
Signal acquisition and controlling system 3 receives and dispatches ultrasound of the instrument 5 from optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 by ultrasonic signal
Transducer receives photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, then carries out Three-dimensional Gravity according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal for receiving
Build, generate the 3-D view and cross sectional image of intravascular tissue.
As shown in Fig. 2 optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 includes：Multimode fibre 21, flexure spring coil 22, matching pipe
23, focal element 24, reflecting element 25, ultrasonic transducer 26, protective case 28 and support component 27.
As shown in Fig. 2 matching pipe 23, focal element 24, radiated element 25, ultrasonic transducer 26 and support component 27 are set
In protective case 28.One end of flexure spring coil 22 is fixed on the inwall of protective case 28, the 3-D scanning of other end connection figure 1
System 6.One end of multimode fibre 21 is passed through inside matching pipe, and is fixed on one end of focal element 24, and reflecting element 25 is fixed
Between the other end and ultrasonic transducer 26 of focal element 24.Ultrasonic transducer 26 is arranged on support component 27.
Multimode fibre 21 is used to conduct the pulse laser that LASER Light Source is launched.Flexure spring coil 22 and 3-D scanning system
System 6 is connected, and be ensure that and is realized that 100% torque is transmitted between 3 D scanning system 6 and optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7.
Matching pipe 23 can match multimode fibre 21 and focal element 24, it is ensured that multimode fibre 21 and focal element 24 two
Element is coaxial.
Focal element 24 can including GRIN Lens, globe lens and other lens etc. with aggregation feature optics unit
Part；Using focal element 24, the angle of divergence of multimode fibre shoot laser can be reduced, increase substantially tissue surface luminous flux close
Degree, so as to reduce the demand to single pulse energy.In an embodiment, the present invention uses the focal element 24 of large-numerical aperture, example
As numerical aperture is more than 0.5, and in the prior art, numerical aperture is no more than 0.2.Using the focal element of this large-numerical aperture
24, the angle of divergence of multimode fibre shoot laser is greatly reduced, the pulsed light energy density of tissue surface, fully profit are incided in raising
It is effective to improve imaging signal to noise ratio with light energy.
Reflecting element 5 can be prism etc., can make the optical path-deflecting of the pulse laser of the injection of focal element 24, make light
Beam reaches Maximum overlap with acoustic beam in operating distance in water.
Ultrasonic transducer 26 can be ultrasonic transducer, be used to launch and receive ultrasonic signal.
Support component 27 is used to place ultrasonic transducer, it is ensured that its position receiving efficiency reaches most preferably.
Based on the optoacoustic shown in Fig. 2/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7, the imaging mode of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention
It is as follows：
The pulse laser of the transmitting of LASER Light Source 1 is transferred in optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 by multimode fibre 21,
Then pulse laser focusing is reflexed to and photoacoustic signal is inspired on vascular wall by focal element 24 by reflecting element 25, the light
Acoustical signal will be into ultrasonic transducer 26.
Meanwhile, the synchronous triggering signal of the transmitting of LASER Light Source 1 receives and dispatches instrument 5 by entering ultrasonic signal after delay circuit 4, surpasses
Acoustical signal transmitting-receiving instrument 5 receives the synchronous triggering signal of the transmitting of LASER Light Source 1, and optoacoustic/ultrasound blood is controlled according to synchronous triggering signal
The ultrasonic transducer 26 of pipe endoscope and image processing device 7 to blood vessel wall emission ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic signal reflected through the vascular wall after by
Ultrasonic transducer 26 is received.
Finally, signal acquisition and controlling system 3 is received and dispatched instrument 5 and receives photoacoustic signal from ultrasonic transducer 26 by ultrasonic signal
And ultrasonic signal, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generate the 3-D view of intravascular tissue with
And cross sectional image.
In specific imaging process, pulse laser with 10 °~80 ° of the central axis of optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7
The surface of tissue is incided at inclination angle, and the exit facet of ultrasonic transducer 26 is perpendicular to the surface of tissue or exit facet and the table organized
The normal in face there is small angle (ultrasonic transducer 26 is slightly tilted) as shown in figure 3, the oblique incidence of pulse laser 31 to tissue
The surface of (vascular wall) 32.
For exit facet with tissue normal to a surface there is small angle in the case of, in one embodiment, exit facet with
The angle of the normal of tissue surface can be that the angle of ± 10 degree, i.e. exit facet and tissue surface is between 80 degree to 100 degree,
Invention is not limited.
Based on above-mentioned Position Design, make the outgoing/receiving surface of ultrasonic transducer vertical with tissue surface or near normal, greatly
The big detection efficient for enhancing photoacoustic signal, such that it is able to detect smaller photoacoustic signal.
In addition, the large-numerical aperture design based on above-mentioned Position Design and focal element, the present invention can be big using frequency
In or equal to 1KHz LASER Light Source.Reason is：Data aperture becomes big, and aggregate capabilities just become big, and energy per unit area will increase
Plus, incide the pharosage of tissue surface it is just bigger, it is necessary to pulse gross energy it is smaller, the repetition rate of laser is just
Can be higher, thus can using high repetition frequency low energy laser (i.e. frequency more than or equal to 1KHz laser light
Source), so as to improve the image taking speed of system.In the prior art, the laser of use is up to 10Hz (such as models
The laser of OPOTEK VIBRANT II), that is to say, that the image taking speed of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention at least
100 times of prior art.Below with Monte Carlo simulation, it was demonstrated that the feasibility of above-mentioned design and the effect of acquirement：
Because Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention carries out stronger remittance by the plus lens of large-numerical aperture to light beam
It is poly-, so the hot spot for inciding tissue surface is very small, and in the prior art, commonly use the outgoing beam hair of angiocarpy endoscope and image processing device
Dissipate or convergence effect is not good, the hot spot for inciding tissue surface is larger, so from diameter point in Monte-carlo Simulation Method
Not Wei 0.3mm and 1.2mm, but the different hot spots of equal two of energy are simulated.
Assuming that tissue model is：Thin fibrous cap 0.06mm (absorption coefficient μ a=0.1cm-1, scattering coefficient μ s=100cm-
1, anisotropy coefficient g=0.9), lipid layer 1mm (μ a=1.1cm-1, μ s=50cm-1, g=0.91mm), vascular wall
3.94mm (μ a=0.1cm-1, μ s=10cm-1, g=0.9mm).
In each depth energy density situation, Fig. 4 B are two kinds of hot spots to two kinds of lighting systems of hot spot of Fig. 4 A quantitative descriptions
Lighting system different depth energy ratio, from Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B it can be seen that：Under the premise of gross energy identical, i.e.,
Make at 1mm in (patch region), the energy density of the lighting system of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention still can reach biography
4 times or so of the energy density of lighting system of uniting.Therefore, the lighting system in relatively conventional design, the present invention incides blood vessel
The pharosage of wall is greatly increased；Simultaneously by designing the overlap mode of outgoing pulse laser and ultrasound, ultrasound can be improved
The detection efficient of transducer, 2 points based on more than, requirement reduction of the Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention to single pulse energy.Cause
This, the LASER Light Source in Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the present invention can select the tunable pulsed laser of high repetition frequency low energy
Device, realizes intravascular photoacoustic/ultrasound high speed imaging.Generally, the light source of the tunable pulsed laser device of selection repeats frequency
Rate is more than or equal to 1KHz.As LASER Light Source repetition rate 1KHz, when being made up of 200 lines per frame, image taking speed is 5 frames/second.
Using Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention, endovascular stent can be imaged.As shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, Fig. 5 A
It is scaffold three-dimensional photoacoustic image, Fig. 5 B are scaffold three-dimensional ultrasonoscopy.In Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, re-imaging length is 10mm, and system is every
Vessel cross-sections scanning is carried out every 0.05mm, is made up of 200 lines per frame, when scaffold three-dimensional photoacoustic image is shared with ultrasonoscopy
40s。
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention provides a kind of intravascular imaging method, described intravascular imaging method includes：
S601：The pulse laser and synchronous triggering signal launched simultaneously by the LASER Light Source；
S602：Control the pulse laser to pass sequentially through coupling optical path, 3 D scanning system and import the optoacoustic/ultrasound blood
Pipe endoscope and image processing device, makes the pulse laser oblique incidence to exciting photoacoustic signal after tissue surface；
S603：Instrument is received and dispatched by ultrasonic signal and receives the synchronous triggering signal, and according to the synchronous triggering signal control
Make ultrasonic transducer transmitting and the received ultrasonic signal of the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device；
S604：Instrument is received and dispatched by the ultrasonic signal and receives the optoacoustic letter from the optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device
Number and ultrasonic signal；
S605：Three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, the graphics of intravascular tissue is generated
Picture and cross sectional image.
The executive agent of the intravascular imaging method in Fig. 6 can be the signal acquisition and controlling system 3 in Fig. 1, the blood
Imaging method can be used for the Ink vessel transfusing imaging system described by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in pipe.Flow as shown in Figure 6 understands, by swashing
Pulse laser and synchronous triggering signal that radiant is launched simultaneously, pulse laser are imported by coupling optical path and 3 D scanning system
After optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device, excite photoacoustic signal after oblique incidence to tissue surface, and ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument according to
By the synchronous triggering signal control ultrasonic transducer transmitting of time delay and received ultrasonic signal；Then, signal acquisition and controlling
System 3 receives photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction according to photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generates blood vessel
The 3-D view and cross sectional image of inner tissue.By above-mentioned intravascular imaging method, image taking speed can be improved.
When S602 is embodied, the pulse laser that the control LASER Light Source 1 of signal acquisition and controlling system 3 sends is passed sequentially through
Coupling optical path, 3 D scanning system import optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7, by optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7
The reflection of reflecting element 25, makes pulse laser oblique incidence to tissue surface, and tissue will excite photoacoustic signal.
When S603 is embodied, the synchronous triggering signal that the control LASER Light Source 1 of signal acquisition and controlling system 3 sends is first
Delay operation is carried out into extension circuit 4, during the synchronous triggering signal after delay operation will receive and dispatch instrument 5 into ultrasonic signal, is surpassed
Acoustical signal transmitting-receiving instrument 5 receives the synchronous triggering signal, and controls optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device according to the synchronous triggering signal
7 ultrasonic transducer 26 receives the ultrasonic signal that vascular wall is reflected back to blood vessel wall emission ultrasonic signal.
After above-mentioned S601 and S602, be have received in the ultrasonic transducer 26 of optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7 same
The photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal of step, signal acquisition and controlling system 3 will carry out S603 and S604, and instrument is received and dispatched by ultrasonic signal
5 receive (collection) photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal from ultrasonic transducer 26.Then according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic wave of collection
Signal carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, generates the 3-D view and cross sectional image of intravascular tissue.
By foregoing description, Ink vessel transfusing imaging system of the invention uses the focal element of large-numerical aperture, for example
Numerical aperture is more than 0.5.And the structure of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system design cause pulse laser with optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel in peep
The surface of tissue is incided at the inclination angle of 10 °~80 ° of the central axis of device 7, and the exit facet of ultrasonic transducer 26 is perpendicular to group
There is small angle with the normal to a surface of tissue in the surface knitted or exit facet.
When intravascular imaging method of the invention is applied to Ink vessel transfusing imaging system, due to the convergence using large-numerical aperture
Element, greatly reduces the angle of divergence of multimode fibre shoot laser, and the pulsed light energy density of tissue surface is incided in raising, fully
Light energy is make use of, it is effective to improve imaging signal to noise ratio.And because the structure of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system design causes that pulse swashs
Light incides the surface of tissue with the inclination angle with 10 °~80 ° of the central axis of optoacoustic/ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device 7, and ultrasound is changed
There is small angle in the exit facet of energy device 26, greatly enhance perpendicular to the surface of tissue or exit facet with the normal to a surface of tissue
The detection efficient of photoacoustic signal, such that it is able to detecting smaller photoacoustic signal.
In addition, based on above-mentioned Position Design and focal element large-numerical aperture design, using Ink vessel transfusing of the invention into
Image space method, can be more than or equal to the LASER Light Source of 1KHz using frequency, improve the image taking speed of system.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments of the invention can be provided as method, system or computer program
Product.Therefore, the present invention can be using the reality in terms of complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or combination software and hardware
Apply the form of example.And, the present invention can be used and wherein include the computer of computer usable program code at one or more
The computer program implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) is produced
The form of product.
The present invention is the flow with reference to method according to embodiments of the present invention, equipment (system) and computer program product
Figure and/or block diagram are described.It should be understood that every first-class during flow chart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of flow and/or square frame in journey and/or square frame and flow chart and/or block diagram.These computer programs can be provided
The processor of all-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices is instructed to produce
A raw machine so that produced for reality by the instruction of computer or the computing device of other programmable data processing devices
The device of the function of being specified in present one flow of flow chart or multiple one square frame of flow and/or block diagram or multiple square frames.
These computer program instructions may be alternatively stored in can guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
In determining the computer-readable memory that mode works so that instruction of the storage in the computer-readable memory is produced and include finger
Make the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one flow of flow chart or multiple one square frame of flow and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple square frames.
These computer program instructions can be also loaded into computer or other programmable data processing devices so that in meter
Series of operation steps is performed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to produce computer implemented treatment, so as in computer or
The instruction performed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one flow of flow chart or multiple flows and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in individual square frame or multiple square frames.
Apply specific embodiment in the present invention to be set forth principle of the invention and implementation method, above example
Explanation be only intended to help and understand the method for the present invention and its core concept；Simultaneously for those of ordinary skill in the art,
According to thought of the invention, will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, in this specification
Appearance should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Ink vessel transfusing imaging system, it is characterised in that described Ink vessel transfusing imaging system includes：LASER Light Source, coupling light
Road, signal acquisition and controlling system, delay circuit, ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument, 3 D scanning system and optoacoustic and/or ultrasonic blood vessel
Endoscope and image processing device；
The pulse laser of the LASER Light Source transmitting sequentially passes through the coupling optical path and 3 D scanning system importing is described
Optoacoustic and/or ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device, photoacoustic signal is excited in the pulse laser oblique incidence to vascular wall；
The synchronous triggering signal of the LASER Light Source transmitting receives and dispatches instrument, institute by entering the ultrasonic signal after the delay circuit
State ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument controls the optoacoustic and/or ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device to launch and connect according to the synchronous triggering signal
Receive ultrasonic signal；
The signal acquisition and controlling system is received and dispatched instrument and dress is peeped from the optoacoustic and/or ultrasonic blood vessel by the ultrasonic signal
The reception photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal are put, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generated
The 3-D view and cross sectional image of intravascular tissue；
The optoacoustic and/or ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device include：Multimode fibre, flexure spring coil, matching pipe, focal element,
Reflecting element, ultrasonic transducer, protective case and support component；The matching pipe, focal element, radiated element, ultrasonic transducer
And support component is arranged in the protective case；One end of the flexure spring coil is fixed on the inwall of the protective case, separately
One end connects the 3 D scanning system；The multimode fibre is through the matching pipe inside and is fixed on the focal element
One end, the reflecting element is fixed between the other end of the focal element and the ultrasonic transducer；The ultrasonic transduction
Device is arranged on the support component；
Wherein, the exit facet of the ultrasonic transducer perpendicular to the vascular wall or the ultrasonic transducer exit facet with it is described
The angle of vascular wall is in the range of predetermined angle.
2. Ink vessel transfusing imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the predetermined angle scope be 80 degree extremely
100 degree.
3. Ink vessel transfusing imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the imaging side of the Ink vessel transfusing imaging system
Formula is：
The pulse laser is transferred to the optoacoustic and/or ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device, the convergence by the multimode fibre
Element will be reflexed on the vascular wall after the pulse laser focusing by the reflecting element, excites the photoacoustic signal,
The photoacoustic signal enters the ultrasonic transducer；
The ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving instrument receives the synchronous triggering signal of the LASER Light Source transmitting, according to the synchronous triggering signal
The ultrasonic transducer transmitting ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic signal is controlled to be changed by the ultrasound after being reflected through the vascular wall
Can device reception；
The signal acquisition and controlling system is received and dispatched instrument and receives the optoacoustic from the ultrasonic transducer by the ultrasonic signal
Signal and ultrasonic signal, and three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal, generation intravascular tissue
3-D view and cross sectional image.
4. Ink vessel transfusing imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the numerical aperture of the focal element is more than
0.5。
5. Ink vessel transfusing imaging system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the frequency of the LASER Light Source is more than or waits
In 1KHz.
6. the Ink vessel transfusing imaging system according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that the pulse laser with
Incide on the vascular wall at the inclination angle of 10 °~80 ° of the central axis of the optoacoustic and/or ultrasonic blood vessel endoscope and image processing device.
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