CN106397797B - 一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106397797B CN106397797B CN201610751719.8A CN201610751719A CN106397797B CN 106397797 B CN106397797 B CN 106397797B CN 201610751719 A CN201610751719 A CN 201610751719A CN 106397797 B CN106397797 B CN 106397797B
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种金‑MOFs‑聚合物复合膜及其制备方法与应用,属于高分子功能膜技术领域,采用共价键驱动NMOFs材料与含巯基功能聚硅氧烷的自组装,得到MOFs‑聚合物复合膜,并将其作为负载金纳米颗粒的基体,建立了一种制备金‑MOFs‑聚合物复合膜材料的新方法。金‑MOFS‑聚合物复合膜可以作为连续的流经式膜反应器,分别对室温下4‑硝基苯甲醛的Knoevenagel缩合以及4‑硝基苯酚的还原具有高效的催化效率。在膜催化领域有着巨大的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜及其制备方法与应用,属于高分子功能膜技术领域。
背景技术
作为一种新型的杂化多孔材料,金属有机框架(MOFs)显示出诸多诱人的物化性质。然而,MOFs材料本身多为脆性的晶体粉末或颗粒,这严重限制了其加工性,并且不易器件化,难以推广到实际应用中。近年来,人们发展了一种新方法,来解决这一问题,即利用纳米尺度的MOFs晶体(简称NMOFs)制备成复合基质膜,成功获得了可以进行实际应用的MOFs膜材料。
在此基础上,人们通过将NMOFs与聚合物粘结剂相混合、在聚合物粘结剂中进行配体与金属的原位自组装、配体与金属离子在聚合物基体上的逐步层层自组装以及功能化的NMOFs作为大分子单体的共聚合等方法得到了一系列的MOFs-聚合物复合膜材料。上述报道的工作是获得MOFs-聚合物复合膜的有效方法,并拓宽了MOFs材料在传感、分离等领域的应用范围。然而,由MOFs颗粒团聚导致的聚合物和MOFs材料间相容性差的问题仍是制备高质量MOFs膜材料的一项巨大挑战。
金纳米颗粒在催化领域备受关注,可以用于污染物的催化降解、以及氧化还原反应,金纳米颗粒具有高催化活性和比表面积,但其直接使用因其颗粒聚集以及与反应体系的分离困难而受到限制,颗粒团聚会导致其降低甚至丧失催化活性,而分离一般需要进行高速离心,提高了分离成本,并且造成了催化剂的损失,流失的金纳米颗粒还会对人类和生态环境造成不利影响。MOFs材料是纳米金的良好载体,MOFs材料的比表面积有利于金纳米颗粒的负载和固定,可以有效避免其聚集,然而这并未有效解决其分离问题,其次,由于每次反应完都要经过分离才可以进行重复利用,不能实现连续催化。
发明内容
基于现有技术中的上述问题,本发明的目的之一是提供一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜,目的之二是提供一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的制备方法,目的之三是提供一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一方面:提供一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)制备MOFs-聚合物复合膜:通过后合成修饰的方法在金属有机框架材料(MOFs)上引入可聚合的双键,得到含双键化合物后修饰的金属有机框架材料,再将含双键化合物后修饰的金属有机框架材料与含有巯基反应性基团的功能预聚体采用巯基-烯共价键驱动作用自组装,原位制备MOFs-聚合物复合膜;所述含双键化合物后修饰的金属有机框架材料与带有巯基反应性基团的功能预聚体的质量比为10~60:40~90;
(2)制备金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜:将已制备得到的MOFs-聚合物复合膜浸泡于氯金酸钾的乙醇溶液中,后经过硼氢化钠水溶液的还原,进行金纳米颗粒负载,即得到金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中金属有机框架材料为UiO-66-NH2,是一类有机-无机杂化材料,由有机配体和无机金属单元构建而成,本领域技术人员根据现有技术可以常规制备。
UiO-66-NH2结构通式为Zr6O4(OH)4(C8H7NO4)6,是由金属盐四氯化锆和2-氨基-1,4-对苯二甲酸得到的三维晶体。所述UiO-66-NH2为金属有机框架晶体,该金属有机框架晶体是由金属离子Zr4+及有机配体通过溶剂热反应制得,其晶体结构中含有可进行后修饰的活性氨基基团。
UiO-66-NH2晶体的制备方法如:Chem.Commun.,2013,49,9449-9451,Chem.Eur.J.,2015,21,314-323及Chem.Eur.J.,2011,17,6643-6651中所述。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中含双键化合物后修饰的金属有机框架材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
将重量份的金属有机框架材料30~70份、含双键化合物50~100份,溶剂10~15ml,依次加入到反应容器中,搅拌,在25~70℃,反应24~48小时,停止加热,分离、洗涤、干燥,得到含双键化合物后修饰的金属有机框架材料。
该反应的简式如下:
优选,所述含双键化合物为甲基丙烯酸酐。
优选,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醇中的一种或多种混合。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中含有巯基反应性基团的功能预聚体为侧链巯基聚硅氧烷。经过大量实验验证与分析,具有上述结构的巯基反应性基团的功能预聚体制备得到的膜器件的各项性能较好。
优选的,所述侧链巯基聚硅氧烷的制备步骤如下:
在反应容器中,依次加入重量份50~80份的巯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷,重量份25~40份的二甲基氯硅烷,溶剂选用重量份30~60份的苯甲酸水溶液,搅拌,在40~50℃的条件下,反应36~48小时,待反应结束后,经过自然冷却,加乙醚进行萃取,分液处理,收集乙醚层,在适宜温度下进行旋蒸,得到无色粘稠的液体即为侧链巯基聚硅氧烷。
侧链巯基聚硅氧烷的反应简式:
优选的,所述步骤(1)的具体步骤为:
将重量份的侧链巯基聚硅氧烷40~90份,溶剂10~15ml加入到反应容器中,搅拌,溶解,再加入含双键化合物后修饰的金属有机框架材料10~60份,光引发剂0.01~5份,超声震荡,将上述得到的反应液倒入模具中,溶剂挥发尽时,在紫外光下照射30~90min,干燥,得到MOFs-聚合物复合膜。
优选,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙醇、甲醇中的一种或多种混合。
优选,所述光引发剂为2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯。
优选,所述超声振荡的时间为30分钟。
优选,所述模具为聚四氟乙烯模具。
优选,所述紫外光下照射的条件为100W,365nm,1h。
MOFs-聚合物复合膜材料的制备方法如“基于点击化学的金属有机框架交联膜及其制备方法与应用,公开号:105694051A”中所述。
优选的:所述步骤(2)的具体步骤为:将重量份的氯金酸钾50~100份,溶于10~20ml的溶剂中,将重量份的MOFs-聚合物复合膜100~150份,室温浸泡2~8h;取出后,用新鲜的溶剂洗涤,干燥;称取重量份的10~20份硼氢化钠溶于10~20ml的去离子水中,将负载三价金的MOFs-聚合物复合膜浸泡在硼氢化钠水溶液中0.5~1h,还原完后,水洗数次,干燥即得。
优选,所述三价金的负载溶剂为乙醇。
优选,所述还原条件为,室温。
该金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的反应式如下:
本发明的第二方面,提供一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜,所述的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜是由上述的任一方法制备得到的。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种所述金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在制备过滤式膜反应器中的应用,优选的:所述金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在催化缩合或还原反应中的应用,尤其在催化醛基与丙二腈的Knoevenagel反应和催化硝基的还原反应中的应用,所述的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜是由上述的任一方法制备得到的。
催化醛基与丙二腈的Knoevenagel反应简式如下:
催化硝基的还原反应的反应简式如下:
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明利用共价键驱动NMOFs材料与含巯基功能预聚体自组装,得到了MOFs-聚合物复合膜,并将其作为载体,负载金纳米颗粒,建立了一种制备金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜材料的新方法。
(2)本发明方法合成的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜材料作为膜反应器的应用,在对硝基苯甲醛与丙二腈的Knoevenagel反应、对硝基酚的还原反应中有着高效的催化效果,解决了催化剂的回收难题,并可实现连续催化,催化剂重复使用5次,其催化活性并未明显降低,在膜反应器催化领域有着巨大的应用前景。使用本发明的MOFs膜作为基体来负载金纳米颗粒,省去了金纳米颗粒的分离问题,实现了对反应物的连续催化,有利于膜催化剂的实际应用。
(3)在MOFs膜材料上负载贵金属金纳米颗粒,与在MOFs颗粒及其它载体相比具有更多的优势。首先,MOFs膜材料中的金属有机框架可以负载一部分贵金属纳米颗粒,此外,MOFs膜材料制备所采用的功能预聚体所携带的特异性官能团,也能极大的增加所负载的贵金属原子数目,从而增加其催化性能;再者,MOFs膜材料作为催化剂,能够以膜反应器的形式存在,MOFs纳米通道又赋予其良好的溶剂通透性,也为MOFs膜材料的发展开辟了新的领域。
(4)发明人的在先专利CN105694051公开了一种基于点击化学的金属有机框架交联膜及其制备方法与应用,所述的应用是利用了MOFs膜材料的选择性分离作用,具体为在污水分离中的应用,但是目前没有将有机框架复合膜与贵金属配合制备贵金属-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的报道,本发明的发明人通过对MOFs-聚合物复合膜的进一步研究,制备得到了本发明的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜,并且制备的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜可以应用到过滤式膜反应器中起到催化缩合或还原反应的作用,为MOFs-聚合物复合膜的使用提供了一个新的方向,拓宽的应用范围。
附图说明
图1为UiO-66-NH2纳米晶体的SEM图片;
图2为UiO-66-NH-Met纳米晶体的SEM图片;
图3为UiO-66-NH-Met纳米晶体的1H-NMR谱图;
图4为侧链巯基聚硅氧烷的分子量测试结果;
图5为MOFs-聚合物复合膜的SEM图片;
图6为MOFs-聚合物复合膜的照片;
图7为金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的SEM图片;
图8为金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的照片;
图9为金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的TEM图片;
图10为金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜作为膜反应器的装置示意图;
图11为金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜作为膜反应器对4-硝基苯甲醛与丙二腈的Knoevenagel反应的催化结果示意图;
图12为金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜作为膜反应器对对硝基酚还原的催化结果紫外示意图;
图13为金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的XPS谱图;
图14为纳米晶体,MOFs-聚合物复合膜以及金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的XRD粉末衍射谱图;
图15为纳米晶体,MOFs-聚合物复合膜以及金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在273K条件下,对CO2的吸附曲线;
图16为纳米晶体及MOFs-聚合物复合膜以及金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的TGA曲线;
图17为纳米晶体及MOFs-聚合物复合膜以及金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的IR谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1金属有机框架UiO-66-NH2的合成
将有机配体2-氨基对苯二甲酸,四氯化锆,乙酸溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,120℃恒温24h,降温至室温,得淡黄色纳米级晶体,离心,干燥;其中有机配体2-氨基对苯二甲酸、四氯化锆、乙酸和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂加入量的比为0.04mmol:0.04mmol:2mmol:1.6ml,得到的晶体形貌见图1。
实施例2金属有机框架UiO-66-NH2的后合成修饰
称取UiO-66-NH-Met晶体(0.6g,0.002mol),甲基丙烯酸酐2.356ml(2.45g,0.016mol),三乙胺0.279ml(0.002mol),50ml的三氯甲烷溶液,加入至100ml的圆底烧瓶中,其中的三氯甲烷是经过干燥处理的,三乙胺是经过重蒸的,在55℃的条件下加热回流24h,冷凝管上加干燥装置。反应结束,自然冷却后进行离心处理,然后用新鲜的三氯甲烷洗涤6次,在100℃的条件下,真空干燥5个小时,处理完后取出待用,得到的晶体形貌见图2。
UiO-66-NH2晶体后修饰过程中,通过核磁谱图计算得到的双键后修饰产率高达98%,修饰后的核磁氢谱见图3。
实施例3侧链巯基聚硅氧烷的合成
在50ml的圆底烧瓶中,依次加入5ml巯丙基二甲氧基甲基硅烷,2.86ml二氯二甲基硅烷,溶剂选取用3ml的苯甲酸水溶液,在50℃的条件下,搅拌48小时。待反应结束后,经过自然冷却,加10ml的乙醚进行萃取,连续进行三次分液处理,收集乙醚层,在适宜温度下进行旋蒸,得到无色粘稠的液体。凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测得巯基硅油的数均分子量为3500道尔顿(GPC曲线见图4)。
实施例4MOFs-聚合物复合膜的合成
称取巯基硅油(0.13g),置于20ml的烧杯中,加入10ml的四氢呋喃使其完全溶解,然后加入UiO-66-NH2(0.2g),2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯(20mg),超声震荡5min,然后在25℃下搅拌0.5小时。紧接着倒入聚四氟乙烯的圆形模具中,后在365nm的紫外灯下光照一小时,得到淡黄色的具有一定柔韧性的金属有机框架交联膜。将得到的膜在60℃的条件下真空干燥1h待用,得到的膜形貌及照片见图5,图6。
实施例5金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的合成
称取100mg的氯金酸钾,溶于10ml的乙醇中,取待用的金属有机框架交联膜100mg,室温浸泡8h;8h后,用新鲜的乙醇洗涤3次,干燥,待还原;称取20mg NaBH4溶于10ml二次水中,将负载三价金的金属有机框架交联膜浸泡在其中0.5h,还原完后,用新鲜的二次水洗剂3次,干燥待用,得到的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜扫描电镜形貌,照片以及透射电镜形貌见图7,图8,图9。催化反应的装置图见图10。
实施例6金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在4-硝基苯甲醛与丙二腈的Knoevenagel反应中的催化作用的应用
7.1×10-2M 4-硝基苯甲醛(380mg,2.5mmol)的35ml甲醇溶液,丙二腈(190ul,3.0mmol)浓度为8.57×10-2M,4-硝基苯甲醛与丙二腈的物质的量比值为1:1.2,通过14mg复合膜(直径为13mm的滤头,有效利用面积81mm2,有效膜质量为6.5mg,金负载量为2.71wt%),流速1ml/min,不同时间监测反应转化率,得到的最终产物的气相图见图11。
实施例7金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在4-硝基酚还原为对氨基酚反应中的催化作用的应用
浓度为7.0×10-2mM的4-硝基苯酚,5.5×10-2M的硼氢化钠水溶液55ml,通过3个14mg复合膜(有效膜质量为6.5mg,有效利用面积81mm2,金负载量为2.71wt%),进行循环过滤,不同时间的紫外监测图见图12。
金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜中金的XPS见图13,由数据可以看出,还原前后显示了不同价态Au元素的结合能。
UiO-66-NH2、双键修饰后的晶体、MOFs-聚合物复合膜以及负载金纳米颗粒的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的XRD粉末衍射谱图如图14所示,从图中可以看出后修饰、MOFs-聚合物复合膜以及金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜都保留了原有的框架结构,没有破坏其拓扑结构。
UiO-66-NH2、双键修饰后的晶体以及对应的MOFs-聚合物复合膜,金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的CO2吸附曲线如图15,UiO-66-NH2,UiO-66-NH-Met,MOFs-聚合物复合膜,金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的气体吸附量分别为61.23,32.91,15.74,25.66cm3/g,说明成膜后仍具备一定的孔穴结构。
另外,图16给出了UiO-66-NH2、双键修饰后的晶体以及对应的MOFs-聚合物复合膜,金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的热失重数据,在160℃以下没有重量损失,表明晶体和MOFs膜以及负载金的MOFs膜都具有良好的热稳定性。
图17给出了晶体及MOFs膜的IR数据,UiO-66-NH-Met相比较UiO-66-NH2,在~1640左右出现的峰为C=C双键伸缩振动吸收峰,~1680左右为酰胺C=O伸缩振动吸收峰;MOFs-聚合物复合膜相比较巯基硅油,巯基硅油~2690左右,HS-伸缩振动吸收峰在MOFs-聚合物复合膜上的消失,~1100处,出现的Si-O-伸缩振动吸收峰,~700,出现的为C-S-C伸缩振动吸收峰;表明巯基硅油将MOF聚合起来。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (6)
1.一种金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的制备方法,其特征是:步骤如下:
(1)金属有机框架材料的制备:将有机配体2-氨基对苯二甲酸,四氯化锆,乙酸溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,120℃恒温24h,降温至室温,得淡黄色纳米级晶体,离心,干燥;其中有机配体2-氨基对苯二甲酸、四氯化锆、乙酸和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂加入量的比为0.04mmol:0.04mmol:2mmol:1.6ml,得到金属有机框架材料;
(2)经修饰的金属有机框架材料的制备:称取步骤(1)制备得到的金属有机框架材料0.6g,其摩尔量为0.002mol、甲基丙烯酸酐2.356ml,其质量为2.45g,其摩尔量为0.016mol、三乙胺0.279ml,其摩尔量为0.002mol、50ml的三氯甲烷溶液,加入至100ml的圆底烧瓶中,其中的三氯甲烷是经过干燥处理的,三乙胺是经过重蒸的,在55℃的条件下加热回流24h,冷凝管上加干燥装置,反应结束,自然冷却后进行离心处理,然后用新鲜的三氯甲烷洗涤6次,在100℃的条件下,真空干燥5个小时,处理完后取出待用,得到经修饰的金属有机框架材料;
(3)侧链巯基聚硅氧烷的合成:在50ml的圆底烧瓶中,依次加入5ml巯丙基二甲氧基甲基硅烷、2.86ml二氯二甲基硅烷,溶剂选取用3ml的苯甲酸水溶液,在50℃的条件下,搅拌48小时;待反应结束后,经过自然冷却,加10ml的乙醚进行萃取,连续进行三次分液处理,收集乙醚层,在适宜温度下进行旋蒸,得到无色粘稠的液体即为侧链巯基聚硅氧烷;
其中,侧链巯基聚硅氧烷的反应简式为:
(4)MOFs-聚合物复合膜的合成:称取步骤(3)制备得到的侧链巯基聚硅氧烷0.13g,置于20ml的烧杯中,加入10ml的四氢呋喃使其完全溶解,然后加入步骤(2)制备得到的经修饰的金属有机框架材料0.2g、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯20mg,超声震荡5min,然后在25℃下搅拌0.5小时;紧接着倒入聚四氟乙烯的圆形模具中,后在365nm的紫外灯下光照1小时,得到淡黄色的具有一定柔韧性的MOFs-聚合物复合膜;将得到的膜在60℃的条件下真空干燥1h待用;
(5)金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜的合成:称取100mg的氯金酸钾,溶于10ml的乙醇中,取步骤(4)得到的MOFs-聚合物复合膜100mg,室温浸泡8h;8h后,用新鲜的乙醇洗涤3次,干燥,待还原;称取20mg NaBH4溶于10ml二次水中,将负载三价金的金属有机框架交联膜浸泡在其中0.5h,还原完后,用新鲜的二次水洗剂3次,干燥待用,得到金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜。
2.权利要求1所述方法制备得到的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜。
3.权利要求2所述的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在制备过滤式膜反应器中的应用。
4.权利要求2所述的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在催化缩合或还原反应中的应用。
5.权利要求2所述的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在催化醛基与丙二腈的Knoevenagel反应中的应用。
6.权利要求2所述的金-MOFs-聚合物复合膜在催化硝基的还原反应中的应用。
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