CN106385911A - Wheat special-purposed composite fertilizer application method - Google Patents
Wheat special-purposed composite fertilizer application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106385911A CN106385911A CN201610041683.4A CN201610041683A CN106385911A CN 106385911 A CN106385911 A CN 106385911A CN 201610041683 A CN201610041683 A CN 201610041683A CN 106385911 A CN106385911 A CN 106385911A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheat special-purposed composite fertilizer application method. The method comprises the step that a composite fertilizer is applied in a field in a wheat growth period. The composite fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphorus fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer. The method is characterized in that a potassium fertilizer application amount in unit area of field is as shown in the formula. In the formula, CorpK-out is the mass of potassium brought out of the field when the wheat in the unit area of field is harvested. EnvK-in is the mass of potassium entering the unit area of field from the environment. RatK-out is potassium loss rate of the unit area of field. alpha is a potassium fertilizer application correction coefficient, wherein alpha=standard available potassium content/field soil available potassium content. With the above technical scheme, the fertilization amount recommended by the invention assists in providing supplementation in nutrient absorption during a wheat growth period, and assists in providing supplementation for soil nutrient loss during the wheat growth period. Therefore, soil nutrient balance can be maintained, soil continuously supplying capacity is maintained, and wheat high and stable yield can be ensured.
Description
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to agriculture field, in particular it relates to application process of Semen Tritici aestivi compound fertilizer special.
Background technology
Semen Tritici aestivi is one of important cereal crops of China.China's wheat planting area accounts for grain and sows the gross area
20.6%, wheat yield accounts for the 21.9% of total output of grain.Semen Tritici aestivi plays very important in terms of ensureing China's grain security
Effect.But, there are N,P,K fertilizers in China's wheat fertilizing and apply that proportioning is unreasonable, the low problem of plant recovery of nutrient, sternly
Ghost image rings the raising of wheat yield and the improvement of quality.Therefore, it is necessary to invent a kind of composite fertilizer special of zones of different Semen Tritici aestivi
The application process of material, to ensure soil environment secular equilibrium, maintains improving yield of wheat stable yields, preserves the ecological environment.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of application process of Semen Tritici aestivi compound fertilizer special, the method strong operability, easily
Grasp, popularization and application are simple, the formulation offer theoretical foundation of the formula that applies fertilizers scientifically for region Semen Tritici aestivi, realize agronomy formula and industry
The combination producing, makes China's manure resources efficient utilization, and Semen Tritici aestivi is given stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging, and simultaneously facilitates grain security, environmental conservation and agriculture
Industry sustainable development.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of application process of Semen Tritici aestivi compound fertilizer special, and the method includes：
In a growth cycle of Semen Tritici aestivi, farmland is carried out with the administration of compound fertilizer, described compound fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertile；It is characterized in that, the amount of application of the potash fertilizer of described farmland unit areaWherein,
CorpK-outBy the quality of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of harvesting wheat of described farmland unit area, EnvK-inIt is to enter list from environment
Plane amasss the quality of the potassium in farmland, RatK-outFor the loss rate of described unit area farmland potassium, described α is Potassium Fertilizer rectification system
Number, described α=standard quick-acting potassium content/agricultural land soil quick-acting potassium content.
Preferably, described CorpK-out=YieK-out+StrK-out, wherein, YieK-outLittle for described farmland unit area
Wheat harvest obtains the quality of the potassium that economic flow rate is taken out of, StrK-outContain the quality of potassium, described warp for described unit area farmland stalk
Ji yield refers to the yield of cutting in farmland, and described cutting is wheat seed.
Preferably, described CorpK-out=UptK-out-RetK-in, wherein, UptK-outLittle for described unit area farmland
The quality of total potassium that wheat absorbs, RetK-inQuality for the potassium of the straw-returning in described unit area farmland.
Preferably, described YieK-out=Yield × NutK-yie, described StrK-out=Straw × NutK-str, wherein,
Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutK-yieForm the institute of every 1kg for described unit area farmland
State the quality of the potassium in cutting, Straw is the straw yield in described unit area farmland, NutK-strFor described unit area agriculture
Field forms the quality of the potassium in the straw of every 1kg.
Preferably, described UptK-out=Yield × NutK-need, described RetK-in=Straw × Ratstr×NutK-str,
Wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutK-needFormed often for described unit area farmland
The quality of the potassium that 1kg Semen Tritici aestivi economic flow rate needs, Straw is the straw yield in described unit area farmland, RatstrFor described list
Plane amasss the straw-returning rate in farmland, NutK-strForm the quality of the potassium in every 1kg straw for described unit area farmland.
Preferably, described EnvK-inFor 0-40kg/hm2, described RatK-outFor 0-25%.
Preferably, described CorpK-outFor 5-150kg/hm2.
Preferably, the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of described farmland unit areaIts
In, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutN-needForm every 1kg for described unit area farmland
The quality of the nitrogen that Semen Tritici aestivi economic flow rate needs, described EnvN-inIt is the quality of the nitrogen from environment entrance unit area farmland, described
RatN-outLoss rate for described unit area farmland nitrogen.
Preferably, the Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert of described farmland unit areaP=β × Yield × NutP-Need, wherein,
Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutP-needForm every 1kg for described unit area farmland little
The quality of the phosphorus that wheat economic flow rate needs, described β is phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient, described β=basic standard temperature/Wheat in Field
Mean temperature in growth cycle.
Preferably, the method also includes：Described compound fertilizer is administered as base manure with topdressing.
By technique scheme, dose that the inventive method is recommended both can replenish wheat growth during support
Point absorb, also having supplied the nutrient loss of soil during wheat growth, thus keeping the balance of soil nutrient, having maintained soil to continue
Deliverability is it is ensured that improving yield of wheat, stable yields.The present invention works out Semen Tritici aestivi composite fertilizer special material formula it is achieved that formula development is from mould
Gelatinizing, qualitatively arrive the transformation of precision, quantification.Meanwhile, science, fertilizer formula system that is simple, accurately, easily grasping can be set up
Binding method, working out for region Semen Tritici aestivi composite fertilizer special material formula provides theoretical foundation, promotes agronomy formula to tie with commercial production phase
Close, realize China's manure resources efficient utilization, grain security, environmental conservation and agricultural sustainable development, saved cost simultaneously,
Workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Brief description
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of description, with following tool
Body embodiment is used for explaining the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is that in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 1, K Amounts are bent with Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat yields relation
Line chart.
Fig. 2 is that in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 1, Phosphorus fertilizer usage is bent with Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat yields relation
Line chart.
Fig. 3 is K Amounts and East China winter wheat yields graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and East China winter wheat yields graph of relation in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is K Amounts and loess plateau winter wheat yields relation curve in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Figure.
Fig. 6 is Phosphorus fertilizer usage and loess plateau winter wheat yields relation curve in compound fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of application process of Semen Tritici aestivi compound fertilizer special, and the method includes：A growth in Semen Tritici aestivi
In cycle, farmland is carried out with the administration of compound fertilizer, described compound fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium potash fertilizer；It is characterized in that,
The amount of application of the potash fertilizer of described farmland unit area Wherein, CorpK-outFor described
The quality of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of harvesting wheat of farmland unit area, EnvK-inIt is the potassium entering unit area farmland from environment
Quality, RatK-outFor the loss rate of described unit area farmland potassium, described α is Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient, described α=standard
Quick-acting potassium content/agricultural land soil quick-acting potassium content.
According to the present invention, the growth cycle of described Semen Tritici aestivi refers to Semen Tritici aestivi from the time used by gathering in that is seeded into.Described unit
Amount of application (the Fert of the potash fertilizer of areaK) it is the total of the Semen Tritici aestivi application of potash fertilizer to unit area in a growth cycle of Semen Tritici aestivi
Quality.
According to the present invention, described available potassium is also known as effective potassium, refers to the potassium being directly absorbed and used rapidly in soil, main
The exchangeable potassium of absorption on the potassium ion dissociating in the soil liquid to be included and soil colloid, the latter accounts for more than 90%.Its content
Because being applied fertilizer, substrate, weather conditions etc. affect, and change is very big, can be from 1mg/kg to 800mg/kg.The content of available potassium is by north
Gradually reduce southwards, have obvious zonal character.Measuring soil effective K content and typically adopting ammonium acetate solution is extraction
Agent, is made ammonium ion and the potassium ion of soil colloids swap, and is entered solution, leachate together with water-soluble potassium ion
In potassium can directly use flame photometric determination.Further, it is also possible to digestion agent is made using sodium nitrate solution, the potassium in leachate from
Son and sodium tetraphenylborate react generation white precipitate, according to the turbidity of solution, using the content of turbidimetry for Determination potassium.This area skill
In the face of choosing suitable method when measuring soil effective K content, the present invention is not therefore restricted art personnel.
The K supplying potentiality of soil is decided by soil parent material, weathering condition and tillage control measure etc..The K supplying potentiality of China's soil
Although difference is very big, also there is the obvious zonality regularity of distribution.The low soil of K supplying potentiality is distributed mainly on the south the Changjiang river
Area, particularly South China are widely distributed, and this is big mainly due to this region temperature height, rainfall, and soil weathering degree is high, pouring
Molten strong, cause some to be rich in the host mineral of potassium and decompose totally.This kind of soil is that in China's zonal soil potassium uptake is
Low soil, this regional intensive agriculture degree is high in addition, and soil potassium consumes greatly, is therefore that China crop potassium deficiency first
Symptom and the area of earliest application of potash fertilizer, are also potash fertilizer high efficient district at present.The loess of the Northwest, black mature soil, the moisture soil in North China,
Cinnamon soil etc. is weaker due to soil weathering and leaching, and sand grains is rich in Anhydrite, Muscovitum, and cosmid is rich in hydromica, and Clay Minerals And Clay Oxides are with solid potassium
Based on the stronger Vermiculitum of ability, montmorillonite etc., the potassium ion of therefore soil institute sticking is more, is China's K supplying potentiality highest soil
Earth.The Long term fertilization trial research of " national soil fertility and Application techniques long term monitoring base complex " shows, general soils in south china
(Chongqing purple, Red Soils in Hunan Province and Zhejiang rice soil) continuous 3-5 not application of potash fertilizer, crop yield will be significantly affected；?
On Beijing Aqui-cinnamon soil, Henan moisture soil, continuous 10 years about not potassium application can ensure that crop yield is not decreased obviously, but after 10 years
The obvious underproduction of crop；Potassium application it is ensured that the crop not underproduction, but should not supplement potash fertilizer to the continuous 10-15 of black soil of Northeast China afterwards；?
On the Xinjiang desert grey soil and Shaanxi loess of soil richness potassium, can the not potassium application crop not underproduction in continuous more than 15 years.But although make
Produce amount does not substantially reduce, and each department farmland potassium apparent equilibrium is negative value, and potassium deficit is more.The expenditure of potassium is more than throws
Enter, it wanes and partly obviously relies on soil repeats itself, is provided by soil, that is, rely on Potassium in Soils usually to maintain certain yield,
Thus the balance of payment position of agricultural land soil potassium, will reflect in the growth and decline of soil potassium fertility level.For maintaining and improving soil
Potassium continuous capability, makes crop obtain stable high yield, also should give one's full attention to the equilibrium problem of soil potassium.But, as the north
Area's soil potassium content is higher, and Potentiality of Soil Potassium is high, and the abundant resources that soil is contained will make full use of it is impossible to only be only
Potassium puts into and the balance of output and a large amount of application of potash fertilizer.Therefore, the vendor selection according to local soil, with soil available nitrogen
Content is both can to have made full use of soil potassium with reference to the administration carrying out carrying out again potash fertilizer after the rectification of farmland Potassium Fertilizer, maintains
Continue deliverability with improving soil potassium, high crop yield stable yields can be kept again；Described Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient α=standard
Quick-acting potassium content/agricultural land soil quick-acting potassium content.Wherein, the reality to the demand rule of potassium and local agricultural land soil according to Semen Tritici aestivi
Border situation, described standard quick-acting potassium content can be 80-120mg/kg.
According to the present invention, the quality (Corp of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of harvesting wheat of described farmland unit areaK-out) can
Quality (the Yie of the potassium taken out of with the harvesting wheat economic flow rate including farmland unit areaK-out) and unit area farmland straw
Stalk contains the quality (Str of potassiumK-out), i.e. CorpK-out=YieK-out+StrK-out；Described economic flow rate refers to the product of cutting in farmland
Amount, described cutting is wheat seed.
According to the present invention, the quality (Yie of the potassium that the harvesting wheat economic flow rate of described farmland unit area is taken out ofK-out)
Can be according to the quality of the potassium in the cutting forming every 1kg in the economic flow rate (Yield) of the Semen Tritici aestivi in unit area farmland
(NutK-yie) try to achieve, i.e. YieK-out=Yield × NutK-yie；Described StrK-outCan be produced according to the straw in unit area farmland
Form the quality (Nut of the potassium in the straw of every 1kg in amount (Straw)K-str) try to achieve, i.e. StrK-out=Straw × NutK-str.
According to the present invention, the quality (Corp of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of harvesting wheat of described farmland unit areaK-out)
Can be the quality (Upt of total potassium of Semen Tritici aestivi absorption in described unit area farmlandK-out) with the straw in described unit area farmland
Quality (the Ret of the potassium in stalk also fieldK-in) difference, i.e. CorpK-out=UptK-out-RetK-in.
According to the present invention, the quality (Upt of total potassium of Semen Tritici aestivi absorption in described unit area farmlandK-out) can be according to list
Plane amasss the middle quality (Nut forming the potassium that every 1kg Semen Tritici aestivi economic flow rate needs of economic flow rate (Yield) of the Semen Tritici aestivi in farmlandK-need), i.e. UptK-out=Yield × NutK-need.Quality (the Ret of the potassium of straw-returning in described unit area farmlandK-in)
The quality of the potassium in every 1kg straw can be formed according to unit area farmland in the straw yield (Straw) in unit area farmland
(NutK-str) with the straw-returning rate (Rat in unit area farmlandstr) long-pending calculating, i.e. RetK-in=Straw × Ratstr×
NutK-str.
Field experiment research shows, potassium focuses mostly in the straw of Semen Tritici aestivi, such as 1636 Semen Tritici aestivi field test samples of China
Count it has been found that Semen Tritici aestivi potassium harvest index is 0.01-0.52, averagely about 0.21, wherein, potassium harvest index is seed potassium
Accumulation total amount/plant potassium accumulation total amount.Therefore, the K uptake of China's wheat seed only accounts for Semen Tritici aestivi aerial partss suction potassium total amount
21%, contrary 79% potassium is accumulated in the straw of Semen Tritici aestivi.Therefore, straw-returning is obvious on the content impact of potassium in soil.
According to the present invention, the quality (Env of the described potassium entering unit area farmland from environmentK-in) can include passing through
Dry/wet deposition inputs the quality of the potassium in farmland.Dry deposition refers to atmospheric falling dust and directly falls the quality of the potassium entering in native watchband, wet heavy
Fall refers to air and includes the amount with precipitation entrance soil water environment for the potassium contained by total suspended particles.Defeated by dry/wet deposition
The potassium content entering farmland relatively low it is preferable that quality (the Env of the described potassium entering unit area farmland from environmentK-in) can be
0-40kg/hm2.
According to the present invention, potassium can pass through runoff and/or leaching loss, but except the higher sand of some organoclays, level of ground water
Matter soil or excessive fertilization lead to soil to be in outside the soil of rich potassium state, and in leaching water, the concentration of potassium is relatively low, with runoff loss
It is the approach of agricultural land soil potassium loss.The carrier of potassium loss is mainly silt, is affected greatly by rainfall intensity, and rainfall is strong, and potassium loses
Dramatically increase, and fertilization mode affects less on potassium and potassium loss amount.This season utilization rate of potash fertilizer is very low, normally only accounts for this season and applies
The 7.3%～20.1% of fertilizer amount, the overwhelming majority remains in soil, residual soil in fertilizer the more, soil available nitrogen storage capacity
Amount is bigger, and Soil Potassium ability is also stronger.Residual soil in potassium after season crop can continue with.The accumulation utilization rate of potassium can surpass
More than 85%.Therefore, the loss rate (Rat of unit area farmland potassiumK-out) can be 0-25%.
According to the present invention, the quality (Corp of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of harvesting wheat of described farmland unit areaK-out) root
According to the edaphic condition of different regions, the growing state of Semen Tritici aestivi and straw-returning situation, can be 5-150kg/hm2.
According to the present invention, the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of described farmland unit area
Wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutN-needFormed often for described unit area farmland
The quality of the nitrogen that 1kg Semen Tritici aestivi economic flow rate needs, described EnvN-inIt is the quality of the nitrogen from environment entrance unit area farmland, institute
State RatN-outFor the loss rate of described unit area farmland nitrogen, the amount of application (Fert of the nitrogenous fertilizer of described unit areaN) it is little
Total quality of the interior Semen Tritici aestivi applied nitrogen to unit area of one growth cycle of wheat.
According to the present invention, the quality (Env of the described nitrogen entering unit area farmland from environmentN-in) can include passing through
Dry/wet deposition inputs the quality of the nitrogen in farmland.Dry deposition refers to atmospheric falling dust and directly falls the quality of the nitrogen entering in native watchband, wet heavy
Fall refers to air and includes the amount with precipitation entrance soil water environment for the nitrogen contained by total suspended particles.Described EnvN-inPermissible
The wheat nitrogen absorbtivity of the not fertilizer treatment according to soil Long term fertilization trial is estimated.
According to the present invention, the loss access of nitrogen mainly includes gaseous loss, leaching of nitrate and runoff loss.Research table
Bright, under conditions of being conducive to ammonia volatilization, because the nitrogen of volatilization loss accounts for the 9%-42% of total amount of nitrogen, become nitrogen loss
Important or main path.The leaching loss of nitrogen refers to that the nitrogen in soil migrates downward into below arable layer with water, thus can not be made
Nitrogen loss caused by thing Root Absorption.Runoff loss is cause surface water nitrate pollution and body eutrophication important former
Cause.Loss rate (the Rat of unit area farmland nitrogenN-out) can be by assuming that Long term fertilization trial nitrogen is in state in a basic balance
And estimated, for example, the loss rate (Rat of unit area farmland nitrogenN-out) computing formula can be
According to the present invention, the Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert of described farmland unit areaP=β × Yield × NutP-Need, wherein,
Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutP-needForm every 1kg for described unit area farmland little
The quality of the phosphorus that wheat economic flow rate needs, described β is phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient, described β=basic standard temperature/Wheat in Field
Mean temperature in growth cycle, the amount of application (Fert of the phosphate fertilizer of described unit areaP) it is in a growth cycle of Semen Tritici aestivi
Total quality to the winter wheat phosphate fertilizer of unit area.
Though soil is phosphorous many, and can for plant directly utilize few, the overwhelming majority be in insoluble inorganic and organophosphors
Compound exists.Though the needs to phosphorus for the high-yield plant can be met using phosphate fertilizer, soil is easily fixed to indissoluble state phosphorus, utilizes
Rate is very low.The phosphorus of these invalid forms can be changed into the available nutriment of plant under microbial action again.Soil phosphorus form
Conversion and its effectiveness are not only relevant with agronomic measures such as fertilising, farming, and the strong shadow by the environmental condition such as temperature, precipitation
Ring.During as early spring low temperature and wet weather, Semen Tritici aestivi would generally show phosphorus deficiency symptom, but when weather warms, phosphorus deficiency symptom disappears；
In crop rotation, phosphate fertilizer emphasis is applied on winter crop, such as Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System, and phosphate fertilizer emphasis is applied on Semen Tritici aestivi, mainly former
Because being winter crop seedling stage to be in cryogenic conditions, the microbial activity in soil and the absorbability of root are all relatively weak, and phosphorus is applied
To ensure the supply to phosphorus for the winter crop seedling stage on winter crop.Temperature change is by acting on microorganism, plant etc. indirectly
Impact is produced on available phosphoruss change.Temperature is the Main Factors of impact soil microbial activities, and microorganism is to soil phosphorus shape
State conversion there is important function, temperature too high and too low all by microbiostatic activity, thus affecting soil P availability.Cause
This, be both can to have made full use of soil with reference to the administration carrying out carrying out again phosphate fertilizer after the rectification of farmland phosphate fertilizer with local temperature
Phosphorus element, maintains and improves the lasting deliverability of soil phosphorus, can keep high crop yield stable yields again；Described phosphate fertilizer corrects system
Mean temperature in number β=basic standard temperature/Wheat in Field growth cycle.Wherein, described basic standard temperature is the life of Semen Tritici aestivi
Needed for long, the phosphorus element in soil can be made to play the preference temperature of its effectiveness, for example, described basic standard temperature can be 20-
25℃.
According to the present invention, when described compound fertilizer is administered it is considered to the plantation feature of region and Semen Tritici aestivi and fertilising skill
Art, compound fertilizer can disposably apply it is also possible to apply respectively with topdressing as base manure.Base manure is base fertilizer again, is in sowing
Or the fertilizer applied before transplanting, it is mainly supplied with required nutrient in wheat trophophase, is Growth of Wheat wound
Make good edaphic condition, also play the role of improved soil, culture fertility.The effect topdressed primarily to supply Semen Tritici aestivi certain
A large amount of needs to nutrient for the growth period, or supplement the deficiency of base manure.By calculating nitrogenous fertilizer in compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer respectively
With the amount of application of potash fertilizer, can get the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer in compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, further according to base manure proportion,
It is multiplied with the applicating ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer, you can obtain applying of the nitrogenous fertilizer in base manure, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer
Use proportioning.
Further illustrate the present invention below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment taking Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat as a example, according to local environmental condition and 2005-2010 locality the winter
Harvesting wheat statistics of variables data, Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat target output is 7355kg/hm2, the potassium amount that needs of 100kg seed is
2.69kg.
The straw yield of Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat actual field investigation investigation is 7804kg/hm2, straw-returning rate is
The quality of the potassium in 71.5%, 100kg straw is 1.92kg.
Huang-Huai-Hai plain area quick-acting potassium content is 104mg/kg, on the basis of soil available nitrogen 100mg/kg, then the Yellow River and Huai He River
The Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient in extra large winter wheat area is 0.96.
Enter the quality of potassium in unit area farmland from environment and the loss rate of potassium is ignored.
Then according to formula：
Calculate potash fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat K Amounts FertK=0.96 × (7355 × 2.69/100-7804 × 71.5% ×
1.92/100)=87.0kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the potash fertilizer of Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat is 87.0kg/hm2.
The phosphorus amount that needs of Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat 100kg seed is 1.14kg；Period of duration temperature on average is 19.1 DEG C.Consider
Optimum temperature of three base point temperature of Semen Tritici aestivi and wheat root Nutrient Absorption etc., standard temperature based on selecting 22.5 DEG C, then
Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient is 1.18.
Then according to formula：
FertP=β × Yield × NutP-NeedCalculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat Phosphorus fertilizer usage FertP=1.18 × 7355 × 1.14/100=98.9kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer of Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat is 98.9kg/hm2.
The nitrogen requirement of Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat 100kg seed is 2.98kg；According to Huang-Huai-Hai plain area long-term fertilizer
The winter wheat absorbing nitrogen amount of the not fertilizer treatment of test estimates that the input quantity of Semen Tritici aestivi environment nitrogen is 40.4kg/hm2.Meanwhile,
Assume Long term fertilization trial nitrogen to be in state in a basic balance and carry out estimating that nitrogen loss rate is 18.5%.
Then according to formula：
Calculate nitrogen fertilizer recommendation amount of application：
Huang-Huai-Hai plain Winter Wheat Nitrogen amount of application
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer of Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat is 219.4kg/hm2.
N, P needed for Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat be can determine according to Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat recommended fertilizer2O5、K2O ratio
Example is 1:0.45:0.40.National compound fertilizer standard (GB15063) requirement of cooperation can develop Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat high concentration
Composite fertilizer special material formula is 24-11-10.Account for 57.1% according to Huang-Huai-Hai winter wheat area peasant's fertilizer practice nitrogenous fertilizer base manure,
Topdress and account for 42.8%, then Huang-Huai-Hai plain area winter wheat high concentration compound fertilizer special base manure formula is 18-14-13.
Testing example 1
Taking Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ling County trial zone (Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10
Block experimental plot, every piece of experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, respectively compound fertilizer applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots
Material, wherein, as shown in table 1, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is respectively 219.4kg/hm to the amount of application of potash fertilizer2And 98.9kg/hm2.
Carry out the results of winter wheat, the yield of record winter wheat after 250 days, draw K Amounts and Huang-Huai-Hai plain in compound fertilizer
Winter wheat yields graph of relation (as Fig. 1).Carry out the mensure of soil available nitrogen content after harvesting wheat.
Table 1
By table 1 and Fig. 1 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with Potassium Fertilizer
The increase of amount, wheat yield is gradually increasing, and is 87kg/hm when Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat is applied with potassium amount2When, wheat yield can
Reach higher value, after K Amounts exceed this value, wheat yield keeps stable.The suitable K Amounts of test gained and basis
The K Amounts that the method for the present invention calculates gained are close, illustrate that the method for the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately fixed
Quantify the administration of potash fertilizer, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
In addition, being measured to the Soil Available potassium content after harvesting wheat, it is 87kg/hm in institute's potassium application amount2When
It is 105mg/kg that experimental plot records Soil Available potassium content, basically identical with the quick-acting potassium content testing front experimental plot, and explanation is adopted
The Wheat in Field amount of potassium applied recommended with this method had both supplemented the potassium absorbtivity during wheat growth, had also supplied Semen Tritici aestivi life
The potassium loss amount of soil during length, maintains the potassium balance of soil, maintains soil persistently to supply the ability of potassium it is ensured that Semen Tritici aestivi is high
Product, stable yields.
Testing example 2
Taking Xinxiang Distric, henan (Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10 pieces of experimental plots, often
Block experimental plot area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, respectively compound fertilizer, wherein, phosphate fertilizer applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots
Amount of application as shown in table 2, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively 87.0kg/hm2And 219.4kg/hm2.Carry out after 250 days
The results of winter wheat, the yield of record winter wheat, draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat yields in compound fertilizer
Graph of relation (as Fig. 2).
Table 2
By table 2 and Fig. 2 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with phosphate fertilizer
The increase of amount, wheat yield is gradually increasing, and is 100kg/hm when Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat is applied with phosphate fertilizer amount2When, Semen Tritici aestivi produces
Up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value, wheat yield keeps stable to amount.Test gained suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage with
The Phosphorus fertilizer usage that the method according to the invention calculates gained is close, illustrates that the method for the present invention can achieve simple, quick, accurately
Quantification phosphate fertilizer administration, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment taking East China winter wheat as a example, is received according to local environmental condition and 2005-2010 locality winter wheat
Obtain statistics of variables data, East China winter wheat target output is 5914kg/hm2, the potassium amount that needs of 100kg seed is 2.38kg.
The straw yield of East China winter wheat actual field investigation investigation is 6219kg/hm2, straw-returning rate is 100%,
The quality of the potassium in 100kg straw is 1.53kg.
East China winter wheat area quick-acting potassium content is 64.35mg/kg, on the basis of soil available nitrogen 100mg/kg, then China
The Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient in eastern winter wheat area is 1.55.
Enter the quality of potassium in unit area farmland from environment and the loss rate of potassium is ignored.
Then according to formula：
Calculate potash fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
East China winter wheat K Amounts FertK=1.55 × (5914 × 2.38/100-6219 × 100% × 1.53/
100)=70.7kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the potash fertilizer of East China winter wheat is 70.7kg/hm2.
The phosphorus amount that needs of East China winter wheat 100kg seed is 1.01kg；Period of duration temperature on average is 16.9 DEG C.Consider Semen Tritici aestivi
Optimum temperature of three base point temperature and wheat root Nutrient Absorption etc., standard temperature based on selecting 22.5 DEG C, then the East China winter
Semen Tritici aestivi phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient is 1.33.
Then according to formula：
FertP=β × Yield × NutP-NeedCalculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
East China winter wheat Phosphorus fertilizer usage FertP=1.33 × 5914 × 1.01/100=79.4kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer of East China winter wheat is 79.4kg/hm2.
The nitrogen requirement of East China winter wheat 100kg seed is 2.70kg；According to East China winter wheat area Long term fertilization trial
The winter wheat absorbing nitrogen amount of fertilizer treatment does not estimate that the input quantity of Semen Tritici aestivi environment nitrogen is 41.3kg/hm2.Simultaneously it is assumed that growing
Phase fertilizer test nitrogen is in state in a basic balance and carries out estimating that nitrogen loss rate is 37.0%.
Then according to formula：
Calculate nitrogen fertilizer recommendation amount of application：
East China Winter Wheat Nitrogen amount of application
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer of East China winter wheat is 187.9kg/hm2.
According to East China, winter wheat recommended fertilizer can determine N, P needed for the winter wheat of East China2O5、K2O ratio is 1:0.42:
0.38.National compound fertilizer standard (GB15063) requirement of cooperation can develop East China winter wheat high concentration composite fertilizer special material formula
For 25-11-9.According to East China winter wheat area, peasant's fertilizer practice nitrogenous fertilizer base manure accounts for 70%, topdressing accounts for 30%, then the East China winter is little
Wheat high concentration compound fertilizer special base manure formula is 21-13-11.
Testing example 3
Taking Anhui Wuwei County (East China winter wheat area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of experimental plot
Area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, respectively compound fertilizer, wherein, the amount of application of potash fertilizer applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots
As shown in table 3, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is respectively 187.9kg/hm2And 79.4kg/hm2.Carry out winter wheat after 230 days
Harvest, the yield of record winter wheat, draw K Amounts and East China winter wheat yields graph of relation in compound fertilizer and (such as scheme
3).Carry out the mensure of soil available nitrogen content after harvesting wheat.
Table 3
By table 3 and Fig. 3 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with Potassium Fertilizer
The increase of amount, wheat yield is gradually increasing, and is 70kg/hm when East China winter wheat is applied with potassium amount2When, wheat yield is up to larger
Value, after K Amounts exceed this value, wheat yield keeps stable.Test the suitable K Amounts of gained and according to the present invention
Method calculate gained K Amounts close, illustrate the method for the present invention can achieve simply, fast and accurately quantification potassium
Fertile administration, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
In addition, being measured to the Soil Available potassium content after harvesting wheat, it is 70kg/hm in institute's potassium application amount2When
It is 65.1mg/kg that experimental plot records Soil Available potassium content, basically identical with the quick-acting potassium content testing front experimental plot, and explanation is adopted
The Wheat in Field amount of potassium applied recommended with this method had both supplemented the potassium absorbtivity during wheat growth, had also supplied Semen Tritici aestivi life
The potassium loss amount of soil during length, maintains the potassium balance of soil, maintains soil persistently to supply the ability of potassium it is ensured that Semen Tritici aestivi is high
Product, stable yields.
Testing example 4
Taking Huainan, Anhui area (East China winter wheat area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of test
Field area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, respectively compound fertilizer, wherein, the administration of phosphate fertilizer applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots
As shown in table 4, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively 70.7kg/hm to amount2And 187.9kg/hm2.Carry out winter wheat after 230 days
Results, the yield of record winter wheat, draw in compound fertilizer Phosphorus fertilizer usage and East China winter wheat yields graph of relation (such as
Fig. 4).
Table 4
By table 4 and Fig. 4 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with phosphate fertilizer
The increase of amount, wheat yield is gradually increasing, and is 80kg/hm when Huang-Huai-Hai plain winter wheat is applied with phosphate fertilizer amount2When, wheat yield
Up to higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value, wheat yield keeps stable.The suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage of test gained and root
The Phosphorus fertilizer usage calculating gained according to the method for the present invention is close, illustrates that the method for the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately
The administration of quantification phosphate fertilizer, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is taking loess plateau winter wheat as a example, little according to local environmental condition and 2005-2010 locality winter
Wheat harvest obtains statistics of variables data, and loess plateau winter wheat target output is 5614kg/hm2, the potassium amount that needs of 100kg seed is
2.63kg.
The straw yield of loess plateau winter wheat actual field investigation investigation is 7121kg/hm2, straw-returning rate is
The quality of the potassium in 100%, 100kg straw is 1.71kg.
Loess Plateau quick-acting potassium content is 167mg/kg, and on the basis of soil available nitrogen 100mg/kg, then loess is high
The Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient in former winter wheat area is 0.60.
Enter the quality of potassium in unit area farmland from environment and the loss rate of potassium is ignored.
Then according to formula：
Calculate potash fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Loess plateau winter wheat K Amounts FertK=0.60 × (5614 × 2.63/100-7121 × 100% ×
1.71/100)=15.5kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the potash fertilizer of loess plateau winter wheat is 15.5kg/hm2.
The phosphorus amount that needs of loess plateau winter wheat 100kg seed is 0.90kg；Period of duration temperature on average is 13.3 DEG C.Consider little
Optimum temperature of three base point temperature of wheat and wheat root Nutrient Absorption etc., standard temperature based on selecting 22.5 DEG C, then yellow
Native plateau winter wheat phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient is 1.69.
Then according to formula：
FertP=β × Yield × NutP-NeedCalculate phosphate fertilizer and recommend amount of application：
Loess plateau winter wheat Phosphorus fertilizer usage FertP=1.69 × 5614 × 0.90/100=85.4kg/hm2
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the phosphate fertilizer of loess plateau winter wheat is 85.4kg/hm2.
The nitrogen requirement of loess plateau winter wheat 100kg seed is 2.80kg；According to Loess Plateau Long term fertilization trial
Not fertilizer treatment winter wheat absorbing nitrogen amount estimate Semen Tritici aestivi environment nitrogen input quantity be 33.6kg/hm2.Simultaneously it is assumed that
Long term fertilization trial nitrogen is in state in a basic balance and carries out estimating that nitrogen loss rate is 27.1%.
Then according to formula：
Calculate nitrogen fertilizer recommendation amount of application：
Loess plateau Winter Wheat Nitrogen amount of application
I.e. the suitable amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer of loess plateau winter wheat is 169.5kg/hm2.
According to loess plateau, winter wheat recommended fertilizer can determine N, P needed for the winter wheat of loess plateau2O5、K2O ratio is
1:0.50:0.09.It is special multiple that national compound fertilizer standard (GB15063) requirement of cooperation can develop loess plateau winter wheat high concentration
Hefei material formula is 28-14-3.Account for 67.7% according to loess plateau Winter Wheat Nitrogen base manure, topdressing accounts for 32.3%, then loess is high
Original area's winter wheat high concentration compound fertilizer special base manure formula is 24-21-3.
Testing example 5
Taking Changwu of Shaanxi county (loess plateau winter wheat area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of examination
Testing field area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, respectively compound fertilizers are applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots, wherein, the applying of potash fertilizer
As shown in table 5, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is respectively 169.5kg/hm to consumption2And 85.4kg/hm2.Carry out the winter little after 230 days
The results of wheat, the yield of record winter wheat, draw K Amounts in compound fertilizer bent with loess plateau winter wheat yields relation
Line chart (as Fig. 5).Carry out the mensure of soil available nitrogen content after harvesting wheat.
Table 5
By table 5 and Fig. 5 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with Potassium Fertilizer
The increase of amount, wheat yield is gradually increasing, and is 16kg/hm when loess plateau winter wheat is applied with potassium amount2When, wheat yield up to
Higher value, after K Amounts exceed this value, wheat yield keeps stable.Test the suitable K Amounts of gained and according to this
The K Amounts that the method for invention calculates gained are close, illustrate that the method for the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately quantitative
Change the administration of potash fertilizer, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
In addition, being measured to the Soil Available potassium content after harvesting wheat, it is 16kg/hm in institute's potassium application amount2When
It is 169mg/kg that experimental plot records Soil Available potassium content, basically identical with the quick-acting potassium content testing front experimental plot, and explanation is adopted
The field-crop amount of potassium applied recommended with this method had both supplemented the potassium absorbtivity during plant growth, had also supplied crop life
The potassium loss amount of soil during length, maintains the potassium balance of soil, maintains soil persistently to supply the ability of potassium it is ensured that crop is high
Product, stable yields.
Testing example 6
Taking Shaanxi Mei County (loess plateau winter wheat area) concrete plot as a example, choose 10 pieces of experimental plots, every piece of test
Field area is 0.1hm2, carry out cultivating of winter wheat, respectively compound fertilizer, wherein, the administration of phosphate fertilizer applied to 10 pieces of experimental plots
As shown in table 6, the amount of application of potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is respectively 15.5kg/hm to amount2And 169.5kg/hm2.Carry out winter wheat after 230 days
Results, the yield of record winter wheat, draw Phosphorus fertilizer usage and loess plateau winter wheat yields relation curve in compound fertilizer
Figure (as Fig. 6).
Table 6
By table 6 and Fig. 6 it is found that when the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer in compound fertilizer is constant, with phosphate fertilizer
The increase of amount, wheat yield is gradually increasing, and is 85kg/hm when loess plateau winter wheat is applied with phosphate fertilizer amount2When, wheat yield can
Reach higher value, after Phosphorus fertilizer usage exceedes this value, wheat yield keeps stable.The suitable Phosphorus fertilizer usage of test gained and basis
The Phosphorus fertilizer usage that the method for the present invention calculates gained is close, illustrates that the method for the present invention can achieve simple, fast and accurately fixed
Quantify the administration of phosphate fertilizer, workable, beneficial to popularization and application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of application process of Semen Tritici aestivi compound fertilizer special, the method includes：In a growth cycle of Semen Tritici aestivi, to farmland
Carry out the administration of compound fertilizer, described compound fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；It is characterized in that, described farmland unit plane
The amount of application of long-pending potash fertilizerWherein, CorpK-outFor described farmland unit area
The quality of the potassium in taken out of the farmland of harvesting wheat, EnvK-inIt is the quality of the potassium from environment entrance unit area farmland, RatK-out
For the loss rate of described unit area farmland potassium, described α is Potassium Fertilizer compensation coefficient, described α=standard quick-acting potassium content/agriculture
Field Soil Available potassium content.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described CorpK-out=YieK-out+StrK-out, wherein, YieK-outFor
The quality of the potassium that the harvesting wheat economic flow rate of described farmland unit area is taken out of, StrK-outFor described unit area farmland straw
Stalk contains the quality of potassium, and described economic flow rate refers to the yield of cutting in farmland, and described cutting is seed.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, described CorpK-out=UptK-out-RetK-in, wherein, UptK-outFor institute
State the quality of total potassium of Semen Tritici aestivi absorption in unit area farmland, RetK-inPotassium for the straw-returning in described unit area farmland
Quality.
4. method according to claim 2, wherein, described YieK-out=Yield × NutK-yie, described StK-out=
Straw×NutK-str, wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutK-yieFor described unit
Area farmland forms the quality of the potassium in the described cutting of every 1kg, and Straw is the straw yield in described unit area farmland,
NutK-strForm the quality of the potassium in the straw of every 1kg for described unit area farmland.
5. method according to claim 3, wherein, described UptK-out=Yield × NutK-need, described RetK-in=
Straw×Ratstr×NutK-str, wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutK-needFor institute
State the quality that unit area farmland forms the potassium that every 1kg Semen Tritici aestivi economic flow rate needs, Straw is the straw in described unit area farmland
Stalk yield, RatstrFor the straw-returning rate in described unit area farmland, NutK-strForm every 1kg for described unit area farmland
The quality of the potassium in straw.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, described EnvK-inFor 0-40kg/hm2, described RatK-outFor 0-25%.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, described CorpK-outFor 5-150kg/hm2.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of described farmland unit areaWherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland,
NutN-needForm the quality of the nitrogen that every 1kg Semen Tritici aestivi economic flow rate needs, described Env for described unit area farmlandN-inIt is from ring
Border enters the quality of the nitrogen in unit area farmland, described RatN-outLoss rate for described unit area farmland nitrogen.
9. method according to claim 1, the Phosphorus fertilizer usage Fert of described farmland unit areaP=β × Yield ×
NutP-Need, wherein, Yield is the economic flow rate of the Semen Tritici aestivi in described unit area farmland, NutP-needFor described unit area agriculture
Field forms the quality of the phosphorus that every 1kg Semen Tritici aestivi economic flow rate needs, and described β is phosphate fertilizer compensation coefficient, described β=basic standard
Mean temperature in temperature/Wheat in Field growth cycle.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method also includes：Described compound fertilizer as base manure and is topdressed
It is administered.
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| CN105165215A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Optimized recommended fertilization method for soybeans |
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| CN105165215A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Optimized recommended fertilization method for soybeans |
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| CN109523417A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of wheat nitrogen chemical fertilizer |
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