CN106366106A - 一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂及其制备方法,属于润滑油技术领域,首先按下述摩尔比量取原料:硼酸:十六醇:乙醇胺=(0.5‑1.2):(0.5‑3):(1‑5);然后加入上述摩尔比的硼酸和十六醇,并加入溶剂,在115‑125℃反应0.8‑1.2h,然后加入上述摩尔比的乙醇胺,反应4‑6h,然后回流,即得,本发明所制得的氮硼配合物在机车中温度和压力的作用下,以分子形式瞬间形成耐磨性超强的陶瓷化氮化硼分子膜,具有高效节能,降噪,环保,延长机车寿命的功效,特别对金属无选择性至关重要,不腐蚀橡胶密封件,还能够高效减缓润滑油温度上升的速度,在高温高速重负荷的机车中性能更优异,而且原料简单易得,制备方法简单,成本低,而且水解稳定性高,抗磨减摩性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术领域,尤其涉及一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
润滑油是用在各种类型汽车、机械设备上以减少摩擦,保护机械及加工件的液体或半固体润滑剂,主要起润滑、辅助冷却、防锈、清洁、密封和缓冲等作用。为了增强润滑油的上述作用,常常在润滑油中加入一定的添加剂。
现有的润滑油添加剂分为很多种类。其中,有机硼酸酯作为一种新型多功能润滑油添加剂,具有优良的减摩抗磨性能,在国外已被广泛应用于各种润滑油中;但和所有的酯类一样,普通硼酸酯非常容易水解,造成添加剂中有效成分硼的丢失,从而使润滑油的减摩、抗磨性能下降,在实际应用中受到限制。而氮硼酸酯中,由于氮的元素活性在一定条件下易与金属表面反应生成氮化物,而使硼酸酯的抗磨和摩擦改进性均有显著提高,且其水解稳定性、防锈性、抗氧化性均得到极大改善。
但是,现有的含氮硼酸酯仍然在水解稳定性、抗磨减摩性方面,仍然存在很大的改善空间。比如专利申请号200910012316.1、专利名称:一种新型有机含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂 的中国专利申请,该专利的含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂添加入润滑油后,仅1080小时不发生水解;又比如专利申请号201410275428.7、专利名称:一种氮化硼型硼酸酯润滑油及其制备方法的中国专利申请。而且,上述专利还存在制备工艺复杂,成本高等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于提供一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备方法,以解决上述问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是这样的:一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按下述摩尔比量取原料:硼酸:十六醇:乙醇胺=(0.5-1.2):(0.5-3):(1-5);
(2)加入上述摩尔比的硼酸和十六醇,并加入溶剂,在115-125℃反应0.8-1.2h,然后加入上述摩尔比的乙醇胺,反应4-6h,然后回流,即得。
其回流过程为:通过分水回流装置分出下层生成的水、溶剂、十六醇(或乙醇胺)的混合物,之后再升温蒸出剩余的溶剂和少量的水,及过量的乙醇胺,得到含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(2)所述的溶剂为甲苯。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(2)中,硼酸与十六醇在120℃反应1h。
作为优选的技术方案:步骤(2)中,加入乙醇胺后,反应5h。
本发明还提供了上述的方法制得的含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂。
本发明以在硼酸酯分子中引入配位键从而降低硼的缺电子性为出发点,制备出了一种水解稳定性高、抗磨减摩性好的氮硼酸酯。所制得的添加剂为极浅的微黄色高度透明全合成油状液体,不含硫,磷,氯,纳米粉末,金属成分等。
应用时,将所制得的含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂加入到基础油中,其加入质量比为0.01~10%;超声分散20 min,再充分搅拌,得到含不同质量分数氮硼酸酯的润滑油。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明所制得的氮硼配合物在机车中温度和压力的作用下,以分子形式瞬间形成耐磨性超强的陶瓷化氮化硼分子膜,具有高效节能,降噪,环保,延长机车寿命的功效,特别对金属无选择性至关重要,不腐蚀橡胶密封件,本发明的添加剂能够高效减缓润滑油温度上升的速度,在高温高速重负荷的机车中性能更优异,负荷特性对比试验表明,降低燃油消耗5.6%以上,而且原料简单易得,制备方法简单,成本低,抗磨减摩性好,机械损失降低4.2%。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:
一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂,是由下述方法制得的:
在带有搅拌器、温度计和分水回流装置的反应釜中,加入硼酸和十六醇,其摩尔比值为1∶1.5,并加入甲苯作为溶剂,在120℃左右搅拌反应1h,然后加入摩尔比为3的乙醇胺,反应5h,回流得到含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂;
将含质量百分比为3%的上述氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的基础油,超声分散20 min,再充分搅拌,得到“含氮硼酸酯润滑油A”。
实施例2:
一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂,是由下述方法制得的:
在带有搅拌器、温度计和分水回流装置的反应釜中,加入硼酸和十六醇,其摩尔比值为1∶0.5,并加入甲苯作为溶剂,在120℃左右搅拌反应1h,然后加入摩尔比为1的乙醇胺,反应5h,回流得到含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂;
将含质量百分比为8%的上述氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的基础油,超声分散20 min,再充分搅拌,得到“含氮硼酸酯润滑油B”。
实施例3:
一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂,是由下述方法制得的:
在带有搅拌器、温度计和分水回流装置的反应釜中,加入硼酸和十六醇,其摩尔比值为1∶3,并加入甲苯作为溶剂,在120℃左右搅拌反应1h,然后加入摩尔比为5的乙醇胺,反应5h,回流得到含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂;
将含质量百分比为0.5%的上述氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的基础油,超声分散20 min,再充分搅拌,得到“含氮硼酸酯润滑油C”。
实施例4
性能检测:将实施例1-3得到的含氮硼酸酯润滑油按照相关测试方法进行性能检测,其结果见表1
表1含氮硼酸酯润滑油A/B/C(表中分别用A、B、C表示)的性能检测结果。
实施例5
抗磨减摩性能试验
样机在熄火状态下,用电力测功机拖动发动机,分别用基底润滑油和氮硼酸酯润滑油C进行试验,发动机的机械损失功率对比试验结果见表2。
表 2 样机机械损失功率试验结果
注: 变化率=(含氮硼酸酯润滑油C—基底润滑油)÷基底润滑油×100%
实施例6
对于“高效减缓润滑油温度上升的速度,在高温高速重负荷的机车中性能更优异”, 分别用基底润滑油和氮硼酸酯润滑油C进行试验,样机的负荷特性试验结果见表3。
表 3 样机负荷特性试验结果
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按下述摩尔比量取原料:
硼酸:十六醇:乙醇胺=(0.5-1.2):(0.5-3):(1-5)
(2)加入上述摩尔比的硼酸和十六醇,并加入溶剂,在115-125℃反应0.8-1.2h,然后加入上述摩尔比的乙醇胺,反应4-6h,然后回流,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的溶剂为甲苯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,硼酸与十六醇在120℃反应1h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,加入乙醇胺后,反应5h。
5.权利要求1-4任意一项所述的方法制得的含氮硼酸酯润滑油添加剂。
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