CN106367183A - 一种抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106367183A
CN106367183A CN201610780927.0A CN201610780927A CN106367183A CN 106367183 A CN106367183 A CN 106367183A CN 201610780927 A CN201610780927 A CN 201610780927A CN 106367183 A CN106367183 A CN 106367183A
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gear oil
parts
weight
automotive gear
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赵允山
赵青
聂凯悦
赵文婷
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Dongying Haoming Lubrication Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油及其制备方法，属于润滑油技术领域。包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分：抗氧剂0.5～0.8%、粘度指数改进剂0.5～2.0%、降凝剂0.2～0.4%、极压抗磨剂0.1～0.3%、金属减活剂0.2～0.4%、抗泡剂0.02～0.04%、余量是矿物润滑油。本发明提供的应用于车辆齿轮的润滑油具有抗磨性能好的优点。

Description

一种抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油及其制备方法，属于润滑油技术领域。
背景技术
车辆齿轮油是用于车辆驱动桥和手动变速箱的润滑油。车辆后桥齿轮面处于高扭矩-低速，低扭矩-高速，高速-冲击的工作条件。遭受不同形式的破坏：擦伤，波纹，点蚀，剥落等。车辆齿轮油必须具有抗磨抗极压的基本性能，还应具有抗氧化，抗腐蚀和抗锈蚀等性能。车辆齿轮油的粘度与承载能力有密切关系，粘度增加，弹性流体动力润滑油膜厚度增加，有利于齿面保护，但是粘度不是越高越好。齿轮工作时搅动齿轮油，液体内摩擦产生摩擦热，使油温升高。齿轮油的低温粘度对齿轮工作有重要影响。汽车后桥齿轮是喷溅式润滑，低温时齿轮油须具有足够的流动性，齿轮转动时才能将足够的油带到齿面及轴承，防止出现损伤。车辆齿轮油在低温下的表观粘度和成沟点在一定程度上说明齿轮油在低温下的流动性。车辆齿轮油必须有足够大的粘度指数，使得在摩擦面的高温下，有足够的润滑油膜。车辆齿轮油应具有良好的氧化安定性。小轿车后桥和变速箱的操作温度不很高，齿轮油的氧化不是严重问题。但重型卡车的齿轮装置操作温度相当高，齿轮油的氧化是一个突出问题。氧化使油的粘度增加，生成油泥，影响油的流动。氧化产生腐蚀性物质，加速金属的腐蚀和锈蚀。氧化生成的沉淀物是极性物质，油中的添加剂也大都是极性化合物，添加剂容易吸附在沉淀上，随沉淀一起从油中析出。沉淀还会影响密封件，使其硬化。沉淀覆盖在零件表面，形成有机物薄膜，影响散热。
CN104673442A公开了一种合成车辆齿轮油，由以下重量份数的原料制成：N68机械油36-44份，减二线油17-22份，硫磷丁辛醇锌盐4-6份，聚异丁烯2-6份，对二异辛基二苯胺复合3-9份，硼化磷酸酯5-10，的噻二唑衍生物3-7份，胺与环氧化合物缩合物10-15份，纳米金钢石8-16份，粘度指数改进剂9-18份。CN102533396A公开了一种新型重负荷车辆齿轮油(GL-5)组合物，其原料按质量份，由下述组分组成：重负荷车辆齿轮油(GL-5)65～75，蒙脱石20～25，氧化锌1～3，和十二烷基磺酸钠1～2。CN102041147A涉及一种汽车齿轮油，尤其是涉及一种石油馏分型车辆齿轮油。所含各成分的重量份数比为：N68机械油35～45份，橡胶填充油40～50份，减二线油15～25份，硫磷丁辛醇锌盐0.1～0.5份，聚异丁烯5～12份，氯化石蜡2～8份。
但是上述的齿轮油在使用时仍然存在着抗磨性能不好的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种抗磨性好的应用于工业齿轮的机油，技术方案是：
一种抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油，包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分：抗氧剂0.5～0.8％、粘度指数改进剂0.5～2.0％、降凝剂0.2～0.4％、极压抗磨剂0.1～0.3％、金属减活剂0.2～0.4％、抗泡剂0.02～0.04％、余量是矿物润滑油。
抗氧剂是硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与酚酯类抗氧剂(例如T508)按照重量比1：2～4的混合。
粘度指数改进剂是聚甲基丙烯酸酯、硬酯酸单甘油酯和改性氨基硅油按照重量比4：0.5：1混合物。
降凝剂可以是聚α-烯烃。
极压抗磨剂是聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯。
金属减活剂选自苯并三唑、甲苯基三唑、4-甲基苯并三唑、5-甲基苯并三唑，辛基三唑、癸基三唑、十二烷基三唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑或者苯并咪唑中的一种或多种。
所述的抗泡剂是甲基硅油。
其中所述矿物润滑油可以选用APII、II、III类矿物润滑油基础油，粘度为40～60厘斯(cSt)、粘度指数在50以上矿物润滑油基础油。
改性氨基硅油的制备：包括如下步骤：S1：按重量份计，将100～120份八甲基环四硅氧烷升温至115～120℃，加入催化剂四甲基氢氧化铵1～3份，反应1～2小时，加入偶联剂N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧硅烷(602)25～30份，控温在115～120℃再反应3～6小时，得到氨基硅油；S2：按重量份计，取150～200份氨基硅油、100～110份聚醚、85～100份异丙醇，在80～92℃，进行回流反应4～6h，减压脱去异丙醇，得到聚醚改性氨基硅油。
所述的齿轮油的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各组分混合均匀后，升温至60～70℃，搅拌均匀，即可。
有益效果
本发明提供的应用于工业齿轮的润滑油具有抗磨性能好的优点。
具体实施方式
实施例1
车辆齿轮油，包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分：抗氧剂(硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与酚酯类抗氧剂T508按照重量比1：2的混合)0.5％、粘度指数改进剂(聚甲基丙烯酸酯、硬酯酸单甘油酯和改性氨基硅油按照重量比4：0.5：1混合物)0.5％、降凝剂聚α-烯烃0.2％、极压抗磨剂聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯0.1％、金属减活剂甲苯基三唑0.2％、抗泡剂甲基硅油0.02％、余量是矿物润滑油(III类矿物润滑油基础油，粘度为50厘斯、粘度指数在84矿物润滑油基础油)。
改性氨基硅油的制备：包括如下步骤：S1：按重量份计，将100份八甲基环四硅氧烷升温至115℃，加入催化剂四甲基氢氧化铵1份，反应1小时，加入偶联剂N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧硅烷(602)25份，控温在115℃再反应3小时，得到氨基硅油；S2：按重量份计，取150份氨基硅油、100份聚醚、85份异丙醇，在80℃，进行回流反应4h，减压脱去异丙醇，得到聚醚改性氨基硅油。
所述的齿轮油的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各组分混合均匀后，升温至60～70℃，搅拌均匀，即可。
实施例2
车辆齿轮油，包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分：抗氧剂(硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与酚酯类抗氧剂T508按照重量比1：2～4的混合)0.8％、粘度指数改进剂(聚甲基丙烯酸酯、硬酯酸单甘油酯和改性氨基硅油按照重量比4：0.5：1混合物)2.0％、降凝剂聚α-烯烃0.4％、极压抗磨剂聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯0.3％、金属减活剂甲苯基三唑0.4％、抗泡剂甲基硅油0.04％、余量是矿物润滑油(III类矿物润滑油基础油，粘度为50厘斯、粘度指数在84矿物润滑油基础油)。
改性氨基硅油的制备：包括如下步骤：S1：按重量份计，将120份八甲基环四硅氧烷升温至120℃，加入催化剂四甲基氢氧化铵3份，反应2小时，加入偶联剂N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧硅烷(602)30份，控温在120℃再反应6小时，得到氨基硅油；S2：按重量份计，取200份氨基硅油、110份聚醚、100份异丙醇，在92℃，进行回流反应6h，减压脱去异丙醇，得到聚醚改性氨基硅油。
所述的齿轮油的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各组分混合均匀后，升温至60～70℃，搅拌均匀，即可。
实施例3
车辆齿轮油，包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分：抗氧剂(硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与酚酯类抗氧剂T508按照重量比1：3的混合)0.7％、粘度指数改进剂(聚甲基丙烯酸酯、硬酯酸单甘油酯和改性氨基硅油按照重量比4：0.5：1混合物)1.5％、降凝剂聚α-烯烃0.3％、极压抗磨剂聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯0.2％、金属减活剂甲苯基三唑0.3％、抗泡剂甲基硅油0.03％、余量是矿物润滑油(III类矿物润滑油基础油，粘度为50厘斯、粘度指数在84矿物润滑油基础油)。
改性氨基硅油的制备：包括如下步骤：S1：按重量份计，将110份八甲基环四硅氧烷升温至117℃，加入催化剂四甲基氢氧化铵2份，反应2小时，加入偶联剂N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧硅烷(602)27份，控温在117℃再反应5小时，得到氨基硅油；S2：按重量份计，取170份氨基硅油、105份聚醚、90份异丙醇，在85℃进行回流反应5h，减压脱去异丙醇，得到聚醚改性氨基硅油。
所述的齿轮油的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各组分混合均匀后，升温至60～70℃，搅拌均匀，即可。
对照例1
与实施例3的区别在于：氨基硅油未经过聚醚改性。
车辆齿轮油，包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分：抗氧剂(硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与酚酯类抗氧剂T508按照重量比1：3的混合)0.7％、粘度指数改进剂(聚甲基丙烯酸酯、硬酯酸单甘油酯和氨基硅油按照重量比4：0.5：1混合物)1.5％、降凝剂聚α-烯烃0.3％、极压抗磨剂聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯0.2％、金属减活剂甲苯基三唑0.3％、抗泡剂甲基硅油0.03％、余量是矿物润滑油(III类矿物润滑油基础油，粘度为50厘斯、粘度指数在84矿物润滑油基础油)。
氨基硅油的制备：包括如下步骤：按重量份计，将110份八甲基环四硅氧烷升温至117℃，加入催化剂四甲基氢氧化铵2份，反应2小时，加入偶联剂N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧硅烷(602)27份，控温在117℃再反应5小时，得到氨基硅油。
所述的齿轮油的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将各组分混合均匀后，升温至60～70℃，搅拌均匀，即可。
以上实施例和对照例制备得到的齿轮油的性能指标如下：
从表中可以看到，本发明提供的车辆齿轮油具有良好的抗磨性能；实施例3相对于对照例1，将粘度指数改进剂中的氨基硅油进行了聚醚改性之后，有效地提高了其抗磨性能，磨斑试验直径较小。

Claims (7)

1.一种抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油，其特征在于，包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分：抗氧剂0.5～0.8%、粘度指数改进剂0.5～2.0%、降凝剂0.2～0.4%、极压抗磨剂0.1～0.3%、金属减活剂0.2～0.4%、抗泡剂0.02～0.04%、余量是矿物润滑油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油，其特征在于，抗氧剂是硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与酚酯类抗氧剂（例如T508）按照重量比1：2～4的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油，其特征在于，粘度指数改进剂是聚甲基丙烯酸酯、硬酯酸单甘油酯和改性氨基硅油按照重量比4：0.5：1混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油，其特征在于，降凝剂可以是聚α-烯烃；极压抗磨剂是聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油，其特征在于，金属减活剂选自苯并三唑、甲苯基三唑、4-甲基苯并三唑、5-甲基苯并三唑，辛基三唑、癸基三唑、十二烷基三唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑或者苯并咪唑中的一种或多种；所述的抗泡剂是甲基硅油；其中所述矿物润滑油可以选用APII、II、III类矿物润滑油基础油，粘度为40～60厘斯(cSt)、粘度指数在50以上矿物润滑油基础油。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油，其特征在于，改性氨基硅油的制备：包括如下步骤：S1：按重量份计，将100～120份八甲基环四硅氧烷升温至115～120℃， 加入催化剂四甲基氢氧化铵1～3份，反应1～2小时，加入偶联剂N-β(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧硅烷(602)25～30份，控温在115～120℃再反应3～6小时，得到氨基硅油；S2：按重量份计，取150～200份氨基硅油、100～110份聚醚、85～100份异丙醇，在80～92℃，进行回流反应4～6h，减压脱去异丙醇，得到聚醚改性氨基硅油。
7.权利要求1～6任一项所述的抗磨性好的车辆齿轮油的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将各组分混合均匀后，升温至60～70℃，搅拌均匀，即可。
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CN107828475A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-03-23 科特龙流体科技（扬州）有限公司 用于执行机构的润滑脂
CN110283645A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-09-27 统一石油化工有限公司 一种机车齿轮油组合物
CN110845419A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-02-28 安徽金德润滑科技有限公司 一种极压抗磨剂及包含该极压抗磨剂的公路车辆齿轮油

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CN107828475A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-03-23 科特龙流体科技（扬州）有限公司 用于执行机构的润滑脂
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CN110845419A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-02-28 安徽金德润滑科技有限公司 一种极压抗磨剂及包含该极压抗磨剂的公路车辆齿轮油

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