Silkworm breeding cocooning method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of silkworm breeding, in particular to a cocooning method for breeding giant silkworms.
Background
Silkworm species are hatched into young silkworms, the young silkworms are called 1-year silkworms after eating, the 1-year silkworms are called 2-year silkworms after being fed for about 3 days and being dormant for about 1 day, the 2-year silkworms are called 3-year silkworms after being fed for about 2 to 3 days and being dormant for about 1 day, the 3-year silkworms are called 4-year silkworms after being fed for about 2 to 3 days and being dormant for about 1 day, the 4-year silkworms are called 5-year silkworms after being fed for about 4 to 5 days and being dormant for about 1 day, and the 5-year silkworms are called mature silkworms. It takes about 23 to 26 days from the hatching of silkworm eggs to the beginning of cocooning of mature silkworms. Generally, silkworms of 1 to 3 years old are called young silkworms; the 4-5 instar silkworm is called a giant silkworm. At present, the silkworm breeding of farmers mostly adopts a production mode of co-breeding of young silkworms and separately breeding of large silkworms, namely, a certain number of silkworms are gathered together and bred to 3 instars, and then the silkworms are distributed to each farmer for breeding the large silkworms.
The whole process of raising the silkworms mainly comprises the following steps besides feeding the mulberry:
(1) silkworm excrement cleaning device
Taking the rearing of silkworms in silkworm rearing trays as an example, the method for clearing silkworm excrement at present comprises the following steps: placing silkworm net, spreading folium Mori, replacing silkworm plaque, and cleaning faeces Bombycis. Firstly, a silkworm net paved with a layer of mulberry leaves is placed above silkworms, the silkworms can automatically climb on the silkworm net in order to eat the mulberry leaves, after all the silkworms climb on the silkworm net, the silkworm net and the silkworms on the silkworm net are transferred to another disinfected silkworm basket, and finally the remaining silkworm excrement is sent to a fixed place for treatment, and the silkworm basket is cleaned and disinfected.
The method comprises the following steps that 4 silkworm excrement cleaning is required in the whole process of breeding the big silkworms from 3-year-old silkworms, wherein the cleaning comprises 1 time before the 3-year-old silkworms sleep, 1 time before the 4-year-old silkworms sleep and 2 times during the breeding period of the 5-year-old silkworms; the whole process of rearing the 4 th instar silkworm in the rearing of the large silkworm needs to clean silkworm excrement for 3 times, including 1 time after the 4 th instar silkworm sleeps and 2 times during rearing of the 5 th instar silkworm.
At present, in addition to rearing on silkworm rearing trays, there are breeding on the ground (rearing on the ground), flat rearing, strip rearing, slant strip rearing and the like. However, these approaches all have one disadvantage: the feeding amount of the big silkworms is large during the rearing period, and the silkworm excrement amount is large, so that in order to prevent disease infection and ensure the healthy growth of the big silkworms, a large amount of silkworm excrement needs to be cleaned for many times, and rearing facilities need to be replaced, cleaned and sterilized repeatedly, so that the labor intensity of rearing the big silkworms is greatly increased. Moreover, the method of breeding in the ground has a disadvantage: the space utilization rate of the silkworm house is low.
(2) Spreading lime
Before breeding the big silkworms, a layer of lime needs to be spread on a breeding facility, and during each dormancy period of the big silkworms, a layer of lime needs to be spread on the big silkworms. At present, lime is generally spread by adopting a cloth bag shaking spreading mode, namely, lime is put in the cloth bag, and the lime is spread on a feeding facility or a silkworm body by manually shaking the cloth bag. However, this approach has some disadvantages: inconvenient manual operation, uneven lime spreading and the like.
(3) Ying cocoon
After the mature silkworms stop eating the mulberry, the silkworms are cocooned and cocooned. At present, a grid bundle natural cocooning method is generally adopted, namely, the grid bundle is hung above a mature silkworm rearing bed, a mature silkworm can automatically climb up a grid of the grid bundle to spin and cocoon, in order to ensure that each mature silkworm can have a bundle grid for spinning and cocoon, the grid bundle is transferred to another place to be hung after the mature silkworm occupies the grid bundle, so that the mature silkworm on the silkworm rearing bed is prevented from continuously climbing up the grid bundle (causing double-cocoon), namely, the cocooning rate of the grid bundle is manually controlled. However, this approach has some disadvantages: the manual hanging of the checker cocooning frames is inconvenient, the cocooning frame rate is not accurate through manual control, and the like. When the number of the mature silkworms on the cocooning frame is larger than that of the cocooning frame on a grid cocooning frame, double-cocoon (two silkworms jointly form a cocoon) is caused, and the double-cocoon can not be reeled, so that the double-cocoon is avoided.
From the above analysis, the following technical problems still exist from the cultivation to the cocooning of the giant silkworm, and the large-scale and standardized cultivation of the silkworm industry is influenced due to the lack of automated overall arrangement:
1. the silkworm excrement removing labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low. The labor intensity is greatly increased because a large amount of silkworm excrement needs to be cleaned and breeding facilities need to be replaced, cleaned and disinfected repeatedly in the silkworm breeding process.
2. The manual spraying of the sterilized lime is uneven, waste, low in efficiency and high in labor intensity.
3. The problem of cocooning. The cocooning stage is required to set up a frame to facilitate cocooning of the mature silkworms, and the silkworm farmer is required to hang the checker cocooning frame quickly because the mature silkworms need to cocooning in a short time, so that the labor intensity is very high. The number of the mature silkworms on the cocoons can not be controlled, so that the number of the double cocoons is high.
4. Space is a problem. At present, the problem of low utilization space of silkworm rearing rooms exists no matter the silkworm rearing is carried out on the ground or on a simple platform.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for breeding cocoons by big silkworms, which improves the automation degree, so as to reduce the labor intensity and improve the breeding efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a giant silkworm breeding cocooning method comprising the following steps:
1) silkworm excrement cleaning: in the stage of breeding the big silkworms, the big silkworms are bred on the silkworm-breeding platform laid silkworm cloth, when silkworm excrement is removed, the lifting silkworm net which is positioned above the silkworm-breeding platform and is full of mulberry leaves is descended, and the lifting silkworm net is lifted after the big silkworms climb the lifting silkworm net to eat; replacing the silkworm cloth and cleaning silkworm excrement, laying mulberry leaves on the replaced silkworm cloth, descending a lifting silkworm net, and climbing the big silkworms from the lifting silkworm net to the replaced silkworm cloth again;
2) lime disinfection: lime spraying is carried out by adopting a lime spraying device, the lime spraying device comprises a lime container and a lime brush, a notch is arranged below the lime container, the lime brush is arranged above the notch in the lime container, the length of the notch is consistent with the width of the silkworm breeding platform, and the lime spraying device moves along the length direction of the silkworm breeding platform and sprays downwards in the spraying process;
3) cocooning: the cocooning frame tray is hung on a cocooning frame rack, the cocooning frame rack is positioned above a silkworm breeding platform, the plane of the cocooning frame tray is perpendicular to the silkworm breeding platform, during cocooning, the cocooning frame tray descends to a position with the lower edge close to the silkworm breeding platform, boiled silks climb to the cocooning frame tray and enter the cocooning frame grid for cocooning, and after the preset cocooning condition is achieved, the cocooning frame tray ascends.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages that: by adopting the invention, a corresponding automatic process is provided for three steps of silkworm excrement cleaning, lime disinfection and cocooning in the silkworm breeding process, so that the process of manual intervention is reduced, the lifting of the silkworm net is convenient for replacing the silkworm cloth, and the replacement and cleaning of the silkworm cloth can also be realized by a further automatic mechanism; lime disinfection adopts a linear-motion planar principle, and the lime spraying device moves and sprays along the direction of the silkworm breeding platform, so that the lime spraying device is mainly used in the dormancy period of the big silkworms, great harm to workers due to lime spraying is avoided, the lime spraying amount can be controlled at will according to actual conditions, and manual work cannot be performed; the cocooning frame trays are hung on the cocooning frame and can be automatically lifted, and the weight of the cocooning frame trays can be set as a condition for triggering the cocooning frame trays to act, so that the condition of double cocoons is synchronously avoided in the automatic process. The invention reduces the labor, improves the automation degree of silkworm breeding and greatly improves the silkworm breeding efficiency.
Preferably, change the silkworm cloth and realize through silkworm cloth feed mechanism, silkworm cloth feed mechanism include first cylinder and second cylinder, first cylinder upward roll be equipped with clear silkworm cloth to connect on the second cylinder through sericulture platform, the second cylinder be used for rolling up and establish the used silkworm cloth. When the need is changed the silk worm cloth on the sericulture platform, then start the second cylinder and rotate, its rotation drives the silk worm cloth on the sericulture platform and begins to roll up on the second cylinder, clean silk worm cloth on the first cylinder is laid on the sericulture platform.
As preferred, when the rag was cleared up, dismantle first cylinder and second cylinder, the second cylinder book be equipped with and remain to clear up the rag, treat that the rag is fed by the drive wheel drive to set up a pair of clean round brush in second cylinder one side, a pair of clean round brush centre gripping in the upper and lower both sides of rag, the rag of clearing up through clean round brush is located on the first cylinder through disinfecting case and stoving case back in proper order again. The cleaning of the silkworm cloth is not carried out on the silkworm breeding platform, but carried out in the disinfection room, and when the silkworm cloth is fed, the silkworm cloth moves to enable the silkworm cloth to move relative to the cleaning rolling brush, the silkworm excrement is cleaned under the action of the cleaning rolling brush, and the silkworm excrement is rolled on the first roller again.
Preferably, the lime spraying device further comprises a lime spraying rail, the lime spraying rail is laid along the length direction of the silkworm breeding platform, the lime container is perpendicular to the lime spraying rail, when lime is sprayed, the lime container moves along the lime spraying rail, and meanwhile the lime brush rotates under the driving of the motor to realize lime spraying. The manual lime spraying can cause great harm to workers, such as pneumoconiosis, lime poisoning and the like, and under the design, the operation is convenient, the lime spraying is uniform, the lime spraying amount can be randomly controlled according to actual conditions, and the manual lime spraying cannot be realized.
Preferably, in cocooning, the cocooning frame tray contacts mature silkworms on the silkworm cloth, and the mature silkworms start to climb the cocooning frame lattices in the cocooning frame tray; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a weight value of the mature silkworms when cocooning frame lattices are fully occupied through average weights of single mature silkworms weighed in advance, setting a standard value, wherein the standard value is used for representing the weight value of the mature silkworms when cocooning frame lattices are fully occupied, judging whether the cocooning frame lattices are fully occupied by the mature silkworms or not by comparing the weight value of the silkworm cocoons on a cocooning frame disc with the previously obtained standard value, and lifting the cocooning frame disc when the measured value is larger than or equal to the standard value, so that the cocooning frame disc is separated from the mature silkworms on a silkworm cloth, and the cocooning frame rate of the silkworm cocoons is controlled.
Preferably, the weight value of the matured silkworms is detected by a weight sensor and compared with a standard value, the weight sensor is electrically connected with an electromagnet, when the measured value is greater than or equal to the standard value, the weight sensor transmits the result to the electromagnet, and the electromagnet acts to pull up the cluster plate.
Preferably, the driving wheels are arranged in two rows, namely an upper row and a lower row, the silkworm cloth to be cleaned is arranged between the two rows of driving wheels, and the axial direction of the driving wheels is consistent with the width direction of the silkworm cloth to be cleaned. The design makes the transmission more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the silkworm cocooning cultivation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a silkworm breeding platform according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lime spraying device.
Shown in the figure: 1. the silkworm excrement collecting device comprises a platform frame, 2, silkworm cloth, 3.1, a first roller, 3.2, a second roller, 4 and a silkworm excrement recycling box; 5. lime spraying device, 5-1, lime brush rotating shaft, 5-2, lime container, 5-3, coupler, 5-4, lime brush motor, 5-5, lime, 5-6, gap, 5-7, lime brush, 6, lime spraying rail, 7 and lifting silkworm net; 8. a cocoon suspension frame 9, a cocoon frame tray 10 and a silkworm breeding platform.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention. In the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, the drawings of the present invention are not necessarily to scale, nor are they necessarily to scale, as may be shown and described herein.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for breeding cocoons for giant silkworms of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) silkworm excrement cleaning: in the stage of breeding the big silkworms, the big silkworms are bred on the silkworm breeding platform 10 on the silkworm cloth 2, when silkworm excrement is removed, the lifting silkworm net 7 which is positioned above the silkworm breeding platform 10 and is full of mulberry leaves is descended, and after the big silkworms climb on the lifting silkworm net 7 to eat, the lifting silkworm net 7 is lifted; replacing the silkworm cloth 2 and finishing silkworm excrement cleaning, laying mulberry leaves on the replaced silkworm cloth, descending the lifting silkworm net 7, and climbing the big silkworms on the replaced silkworm cloth 2 from the lifting silkworm net 7;
2) lime disinfection: lime spraying is carried out by adopting a lime spraying device 5, the lime spraying device 5 comprises a lime container 5-2 and a lime brush 5-7, a gap 5-6 is arranged below the lime container 5-2, the lime brush 5-7 is arranged above the gap in the lime container 5-2, the length of the gap 5-6 is consistent with the width of the silkworm breeding platform 10, and in the spraying process, the lime spraying device 5 moves along the length direction of the silkworm breeding platform 10 and sprays downwards;
3) cocooning: the cocooning frame disk 9 is hung on a cocooning frame rack 8, the cocooning frame rack 8 is located above a silkworm breeding platform 10, the plane of the cocooning frame disk 9 is perpendicular to the silkworm breeding platform 10, during cocooning, the cocooning frame disk 9 descends to the position where the lower edge of the cocooning frame disk is close to the silkworm breeding platform 10, boiled silkworms climb to the cocooning frame disk and enter cocooning frame grids for cocooning, and after the cocooning frame disk reaches the preset cocooning condition, the cocooning frame disk ascends.
Change the silkworm cloth 2 and realize through silkworm cloth feed mechanism, silkworm cloth feed mechanism include first cylinder 3.1 and second cylinder 3.2, first cylinder 3.1 go up to roll up and be equipped with clear silkworm cloth 2 to connect on second cylinder 3.2 through sericulture platform 10, second cylinder 3.2 be used for rolling up and establish the silkworm cloth that has used. When the need is changed the silkworm cloth on sericulture platform 10, then start second cylinder 3.2 and rotate, its rotation drives the silkworm cloth on sericulture platform 10 and begins to roll up on the second cylinder, and meanwhile, the silkworm excrement drops on silkworm excrement collection box 4, clean silkworm cloth on the first cylinder 3.1 is laid on sericulture platform 10.
When the silkworm cloth is cleared up, dismantle first cylinder 3.1 and second cylinder 3.2, second cylinder 3.2 book be equipped with and wait to clear up silkworm cloth 2, wait to clear up silkworm cloth 2 and feed by the drive wheel drive to set up a pair of clean round brush in second cylinder 3.2 one side, a pair of clean round brush centre gripping in the upper and lower both sides of silkworm cloth 2, after disinfection case and stoving case in proper order again through the silkworm cloth 2 of clean round brush clearance, roll up and locate on first cylinder 3.1. The cleaning of the silkworm cloth is not carried out on the silkworm breeding platform, but carried out in the disinfection room, and when the silkworm cloth is fed, the silkworm cloth moves to enable the silkworm cloth to move relative to the cleaning rolling brush, the silkworm excrement is cleaned under the action of the cleaning rolling brush, and the silkworm excrement is rolled on the first roller again.
The driving wheels are arranged in two rows from top to bottom, the silkworm cloth 2 to be cleaned is arranged between the two rows of driving wheels from top to bottom, and the axial direction of the driving wheels is consistent with the width direction of the silkworm cloth 2 to be cleaned.
As shown in fig. 3, the lime spraying device 5 further comprises a lime spraying rail 6, the lime spraying rail 6 is laid along the length direction of the silkworm breeding platform 10, the lime container 5-2 is installed perpendicular to the lime spraying rail 6, when lime is sprayed, the lime container 5-2 moves along the lime spraying rail 6, and simultaneously the lime brush 5-7 rotates under the driving of the motor to realize lime spraying. Under this design, convenient operation sprinkles evenly moreover.
During cocooning, the cocooning frame plate 9 contacts mature silkworms on the silkworm cloth 2, and the mature silkworms start to climb cocooning frame lattices in the cocooning frame plate 9; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a weight value of the mature silkworms when cocooning frame lattices are fully occupied through average weights of single mature silkworms weighed in advance, setting a standard value, wherein the standard value is used for representing the weight value of the mature silkworms when cocooning frame lattices are fully occupied, judging whether the cocooning frame lattices are fully occupied by the mature silkworms or not by comparing the weight value of the silkworm cocoons on a cocooning frame disc with the previously obtained standard value, and lifting the cocooning frame disc when the measured value is larger than or equal to the standard value, so that the cocooning frame disc is separated from the mature silkworms on a silkworm cloth, and the cocooning frame rate of the silkworm cocoons is controlled.
The weight sensor is used for detecting the weight value of the matured silkworms and comparing the weight value with a standard value, the weight sensor is electrically connected with the electromagnet, when the measured value is larger than or equal to the standard value, the weight sensor transmits the result to the electromagnet, and the electromagnet acts to pull up the cluster plate.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the specific structure thereof is allowed to vary. In general, all changes which come within the scope of the invention as defined by the independent claims are intended to be embraced therein.