CN1063238A - 多轴薄层反应装置 - Google Patents

多轴薄层反应装置 Download PDF

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CN1063238A
CN1063238A CN90110131A CN90110131A CN1063238A CN 1063238 A CN1063238 A CN 1063238A CN 90110131 A CN90110131 A CN 90110131A CN 90110131 A CN90110131 A CN 90110131A CN 1063238 A CN1063238 A CN 1063238A
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conveying axis
planetary
main shaft
thin film
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斯格弗尔德·柴泽尼克
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Hannover Hermannberstoff Machinery Manufacturing Co
KraussMaffei Berstorff GmbH
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Abstract

用于连续生产合成材料聚合物或其它需要除气 或充气的液态物质的多轴薄层反应装置，它有一个壳 体，它包围着一个与低压源或高压源相接的除气室， 该室中支承着数个轴向平行且相互啮合的输送轴。 它们环形地围绕着除气室，输送轴对着除气室的一侧 上形成薄的极易除气或充气的处理物料层。一个上 部的和／或一个下部的行星辊式挤压机的用于传动 输送轴，腔室中这些输送轴与行星辊或挤压机段的行 星部件力传递地相连接，由此很容易对输送轴进行密 封和传动。由于自转的输送轴同时也在壳体内环行， 因而不必转动壳体。

Description

本发明涉及一种用于连续生产高分聚合物，需要除气的热塑性合成材料或其它要除气或充气的液态物质的多轴薄层反应装置。
这种类型的装置已由EP-OS  0208139公开。在该专利文献中描述了一种密封系统，它用于称为薄层反应装置的各个相互接合（啮合）的输送轴。所示出的反应装置具有不变的相互接合的输送轴。这些输送轴由向上伸入到一个传动机构中的轴端而被传动。该薄层反应装置对聚合物实施一个除气（脱气）过程。为此，在环形安装的输送轴之间同心构成的腔室的上端和下端都被密封，并在其中建立一低压（负压）。
在这种装置中，如果在输送轴的对着中央除气室的周面区域上产生极薄的熔体层，则是非常有利的。熔体层的厚度取决于各个相互接合的输送轴之间的距离，处于熔体状的待进行除气处理的物料将输入到反应装置中并流向环形安装的且相互接合的输送轴的外侧面上。输送轴通过自身的转动以及其几何形状而将熔体带入中央的除气室中，在该除气室中，熔体薄层中的挥发性组成部分通过产生的负压而向熔体表面扩散并且被吸出。
这种结构的薄层反应装置由于形成了这种薄的熔体层完全可以将熔体或液体中的挥发成分除去，直到具有几ppm的程度。但尤其是采取并列地布置所有相互接合的轴的方式保证了全部熔体扩张成薄的熔体层，从而能很好地将挥发性组成部分从熔体中除去。
在这种类型的薄层反应装置中，要使各个相互接合的，不变的输送轴相对于传动机构进行密封，以便在中心的除气室中维持直至10-4数量级的低压证明是相当困难的。
为此目的，需要复杂的密封系统，如在上述EP-OS  0208139中详细描述的那样。此外，还需要复杂的传动机构，用于完全同方向地转动按环形设置的相互接合的输送轴，如EP-PS  3030541所述。
此外，在这种薄层反应装置中，要求包围着环形设置的输送轴的壳体振动地转动，以防止进行加工处理的物料层粘结在壳体的内壁上（见DE-PS  3513536）。
本发明的任务是，提供一种薄层反应装置，它不再需要用于各个输送轴的复杂的密封系统，此外，各个输送轴的传动也大大地简化。而且也不必为了避免物料粘结在壳体内壁上而转动壳体。
通过对行星辊式挤压机各段的布置（这种挤压机在DE-OS  2905717中有过描述），能够以简单有效的方式实现使任意数目的输送轴在封闭的除气室中以绝对均匀的圆周速度作自转运动，同时在除气室中进行环行，在环行中刮擦壳体内壁。
对先有技术中不变的和此外还可以转动的轴相对于高的负压（低压）进行密封是相当麻烦的，而且需要很高的设计制造费用和材料费用，这从EP-OS  0208  139中的密封系统中可以清楚地看到。
在本发明中，为此目的对行星辊挤压机各段进行的布置以极简单的和经济的方式解决了所有问题，因为现在只有一根轴，即中央主轴的传动轴。从除气室中伸出，因此只须对此轴进行密封。
在本发明中，没有采用使输送轴进行转动的复杂传动机构，但这完全不影响薄层反应装置的功能。通过极简单的方式就保证了反应装置的全部输送轴完全同步地且均匀地转动，即通过将输送轴与行星辊式挤压机部件从上方和/或下方以力传递的方式连接起来。除了使输送轴自转外，输送轴还通过带齿的中央主轴段而在圆形环道上围绕中央主轴转动。通过这种沿壳体内壁上的环绕运动使壳体得到清理。因此不再需要象DE-PS3513536中描述的那样转动壳体，从而能够非常经济地制造薄层反应装置。
此外，由于熔体是滚落地供入到带齿的行星部件和带齿的壳体内壁之间以及带齿的行星部件和中央主轴之间，熔体在行星辊式挤压机段中还经受了附加的均匀化过程。使用的每个行星辊式挤压机段的轴向长度取决于产品的熔体粘度以及熔体特性。
行星辊式挤压机段也可以只起传动机构的功能，而不承担均匀化的作用，那么在这种情况下，该段部分就可以制做得很短。
用一个直径较小的轴将上部的行星辊式挤压机段的中央主轴与下部的行星辊式挤压机段的中央主轴连接起来是有利的，这样可以在这两段之间构成一个较大的除气室（空间）。上部和下部的行星辊式挤压机段以及该轴可以制成一个整体，也可以在一个空心轴的两端上固定中央轴部分而构成。这样两个行星辊式挤压机段可以与在两段之间安装的输送轴完全同步地转动。传输送轴自转和环行的反应装置传动机构接在一个与上部的中央主轴相连的轴上。输送轴分别与上，下行星部件连接，上，下行星部件则分别装在一个穿通的多角形心轴的上端和下端上。
但是在大型反应装置中，上部和下部的中央主轴部分件例如与一个其中设有除气孔的轴通过螺纹旋接在一起则是有利的。
在上部的中央主轴段中同心地设置了一个钻孔，该钻孔与上述轴中的除气孔以及与一个产生低压（负压）的装置相连。
在一个制造简单，成本低的实施方式中，反应装置的输送轴只有一端导入行星辊式挤压机段的行星部件中而被传动。在这种实施方式中，没有导入行星部件中的输送轴的一端伸到下部的连接法兰的一个环形凹处中，输送轴绕着一个锥形结构的中央排料体转动。
下面按照附图描述本发明的多轴薄层反应装置的实施例。
图1  薄层反应装置的纵剖截面图;
图2  薄层反应装置另一个实施例的纵剖截面图;
图3  沿图1中的Ⅲ-Ⅲ线的横剖截面图;
图4  沿图1中的Ⅳ-Ⅳ的横剖截面图。
上部的行星辊式挤压机段2用一个棱键装在传动轴1上。中央主轴13通过轴14与下部的行星辊式挤压机段3的中央主轴15相连。
装在反应装置壳体5内的输送轴4的一端或两端上设有具有内螺纹的中央孔，分别与成型于行星主轴16和17上。配有螺纹的螺栓（未示出）相连。上部的和下部的行星辊式挤压机段2和3以及输送轴4都安装在壳体5中。在壳体5的外部周围装有一些加热体6，以便能对熔体的温度施加影响。在下部的中央主轴15上固定着一个带有输送片或输送槽的排料螺杆部分7，用于建立工具压力并保证除气室19向下方向的真空密封。
传动轴1支承在推力轴承9中并由轴密封件8在向上方向密封。
熔体在压力下经输送口10输送到反应装置中，由此使除气室同时在向上方向被密封。
在输送口10的下面，在行星辊式挤压机段2的行星16和壳体内壁24之间的分界缝上方大约同轴心地设置了一个环形槽23，该槽有利于环绕分配注入的熔体。此外，在环形槽23上方设置了多个输送口10，它们促进了熔体的分配。
轴1有一个同心轴向钻孔27，一个产生低压或高压的装置（图中未示出）经连接法兰12与钻孔27相连通。轴1中设有一些横向钻孔18，它们与轴向钻孔27相连，因此除气室19中可以产生低压或高压。
在图2所示的实施例中，输送轴4在下方设有与行星主轴相连，而且自由地导入一个在连接法兰22中设置的环形凹槽20中。在轴14的下端中旋入一个大约呈锥体状的压出器21。
下面说明一下薄层反应装置的工作方式。
通过熔体输送口10使例如一种聚乙烯熔体进入环形槽23，然后从这里到达内壁24以及行星部件16和中央主轴13之间的部位。通过在压力下输入的熔体使除气室19在向上的方向被密封。
通过带有斜齿的中央主轴13的转动，使带有斜齿的行星主轴16在带齿的壳体内壁24上滚动。行星主轴16沿箭头29方向自转，同时绕中央主轴13转动（箭头30）。
熔体经环形槽23进入中间空隙25（图3），并向下沿输送轴4的外侧面输向中间空隙26中（图4）。
自转的输送轴4各将一定量的熔体带入除气室19中。在输送轴4上形成薄的熔体层。在对着除气室19的输送轴4圆周部分上的熔体层厚度由输送轴4的相互刮擦的混合件或输送片之间的间距来确定。因此，随时都可以通过置换相互之间具有较小间距的输送轴4（具有另一种几何尺寸的输送片（板）或混合板）使本发明的薄层反应装置适应于各种材料粘性。
众所周知，从高分子高粘度的熔体中除去挥发性组成部分是很难的。只有在大面积上（所有与除气室相对的输送轴周面部分）能够形成极薄的薄层时，才可能快速且经济地除气（脱气）。
通过选取不同几何尺寸或形状的输送轴可以调整输送效果。熔体被输向下方，进到第二个行星辊式挤压机段3中。
通过一个未示出的连接在除气法兰12上的真空泵在除气室19中建立一个高的负压（经轴14中的孔27和开口18）。
排料螺杆7中的熔体形成一个向下方向的密封。该熔体以一定的压力排料口11排出，以便输向例如一个集水圈成粒器。
薄层反应装置最好用于合成材料的聚合作用，加聚作用和缩聚作用等工艺过程。因为在这些过程中熔体中挥发性组成部分才有可能被除掉。但是，该薄层反应装置也可以按相反的工作方式使用，例如，当需要在液态物料中掺合一种气体，以便例如进行一定的化学反应时。那么在除气室19中将压入一种气态物质，它沉积在液态薄层上，通过转动输送轴4而进入液体中。

Claims (8)

1、用于连续生产高分子聚合物，需要除气的热塑性合成材料熔体，或者其它需要除气或充气的液态物质的多轴薄层反应装置，包括一个壳体，该壳体包围着一个可与低压源或高压源相接的腔室，在该腔室中可转动地支承着多个可被传动的轴向平行的且相互接合的输送轴，这些输送轴环形地围绕该腔室安装，每个输送轴都与设置在其两侧的输送轴相接合，全部输送轴可以同方向地被传动，从而在输送轴对着除气室的一侧上形成了处理材料的薄层，其特征在于，输送轴(4)的传动机构由上部的和/或下部的行星辊式挤压机段(2，3)构成，可使轴(4)自转(2a)同时沿着壳体内壁环形地擦刮着内壁地环行(30)，输送轴(4)与行星辊式挤压机段(2，3)的行星部件(16，17)按传递力的方式相连接。
2、按照权利要求1的多轴薄层反应装置，其特征在于，行星辊式挤压机段（2，3）由带齿的中央主轴（13，15）和以相互间间隙均匀地围绕中央主轴（13，15）设置的直径较小的带齿行星轴（16，17）构成，行星轴（16，17）与壳体部分的内齿（24）相啮合。
3、按照权利要求1和2的多轴薄层反应装置，其特征在于，上部的和/或下部的行星辊式挤压机段（2，3）的中央主轴（13，15）以其直径较小的轴（14）穿过除气室（19）的纵向中轴线，与下部的和/或上部的行星辊式挤压机段（3，2）的中央主轴部分（15，13）相连，中央主轴（13，15）和轴（14）与纵向钻孔（27）轴向同心，纵向钻孔（27）的一端经法兰（12）与一个负压（低压）产生装置相连，在其相对的另一端上设有通入除气室的侧面上的横向钻孔（18），中央主轴（13，15）上装有一个传动机构。
4、按照权利要求1至3的多轴薄层反应装置，其特征在于，上部的行星辊段（2）的中央主轴（13），直径较小的且与两个中央主轴相连的轴（14）以及下部的行星辊式挤压机段（3）的中央主轴（15）制作成一个整体，或者通过在一个空心轴（14）的两端上固定中央主轴部分（13，15）而构成。
5、按照权利要求1至4的多轴薄层反应装置，其特征在于，输送轴（4）的一端或两端上设有具有内螺纹的中央孔。行星部件（16，17）上具有一个轴向成形的与输送轴（4）的内螺纹相接合的螺栓。
6、按照权利要求1和5的多轴薄层反应装置，其特征在于，在一个穿通的多角形心轴的下端上安装了连接有各个输送轴部件的行星部件（17），在上端上侧安装了行星部件（16）。
7、按照权利要求1的多轴薄层反应装置，其特征在于，在壳体的上侧设置了一个或多个在周向上分布的熔体输入口（10），这些输入口（10）与一个环形槽（23）相连，该环形槽（23）大约位于转动的行星部件（16）与壳体齿（24）之间的分界缝上方。
8、按照权利要求1的多轴薄层反应装置，其特征在于，在下部的行星辊段（3）的中央主轴（15）上或者在穿过除气室的轴（14）的下端部上配有一个螺杆部件（7），该螺杆部件（7）有输送片，并且可以对熔体进行密封。
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DE59001970D1 (de) 1993-08-19
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