CN106220818A - 一种高温、低压变密封专用tpu工业合成技术 - Google Patents

一种高温、低压变密封专用tpu工业合成技术 Download PDF

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CN106220818A
CN106220818A CN201610662470.3A CN201610662470A CN106220818A CN 106220818 A CN106220818 A CN 106220818A CN 201610662470 A CN201610662470 A CN 201610662470A CN 106220818 A CN106220818 A CN 106220818A
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王东凯
隋乙
徐贺
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Dalian Zhonghai Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,所述高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,主要包括TPU工业合成配方的特殊计算方法和TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺。本发明涉及一种大型工程机械液压密封用的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的工艺技术以及完整的工业生产方法,所述工业化的产品能够在高温、高压、高频的液压油缸内充分满足使用要求。

Description

一种高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化工合成技术领域,具体是一种高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术。
背景技术
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)主要以三类原材料通过化学反应合成,它们分别是低聚物多元醇、小分子多元醇与多异氰酸酯。合成的产品的物性主要取决于这三类原材料中每个类别原料种类的选取、各组分精确的比列调节,由于构成材料软硬段的原料及比例不同,使得TPU具有相当宽泛的物理化学性能,它兼具橡胶材料的柔性,又有塑料材料的刚性,现今被应用到工业、农业、医疗、运动器材、日常用品等诸多行业。
TPU除兼具柔性与刚性外,它还具有耐磨、耐低温、耐油等优点,但是TPU与大多热塑性材料一样都存在一个较大的缺点--耐热性。如很多文献、专利阐述的一样,普通的TPU材料在80℃以上时,很多的机械性能会严重下降甚至消失,这大大的限制了其在高温工况条件下的应用。所以,高耐热TPU一直是技术工作者研发的课题。同时,TPU已工业化多年,现TPU配方的设计及计算都是采用硬段含量法:以小分子多醇与异氰酸酯的质量和除以总质量等于经验的硬段含量比列,结合异氰酸酯指数得到一个二元一次方程,最后解方程求解各组分的用量。其计算方法繁琐,精度较差。
适用于中、大型工程机械液压油缸密封的TPU材料必须要有如下几种基础的物性:
1、压缩永久变形性能;2、较高的机械性能;3、耐热性能;4、耐磨性能;5.耐低温性能;6.耐油性能。其中,压缩永久变形性能的好坏是衡量一个密封圈是否符合标准的重要依据,专利(专利公开号:CN102532464A)公开了一种低压变的TPU制备方法,也阐述了目前国内改善TPU材料压缩永久变形的通用方法,说明了通用方法的耗时、耗力并且效果不是十分理想的现状。在专利(专利公开号:CN102532464A)中,文献提供了一种在中低温度下(70℃)改善压缩永久变形性能的方法,但想要应用在大型工程机械的液压油缸密封圈上,TPU除具有较高的机械性能外还必须要兼顾耐高温、低压变两种基础物性,即在高温(100℃)环境时有足够小的压缩永久变形性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服已有技术的不足,提供一种可以在高温下使用的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的工业化合成技术,以满足中大型工程机械液压油缸密封圈的使用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,主要包括TPU工业合成配方的特殊计算方法和TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述TPU工业合成配方的特殊计算方法具体为:
90A硬度产品,以多元醇质量为1份基础计算,1.4BDO与MDI的用量分别设为X与Y,多元醇平均分子量为2000,多醇混合液经验值为520,则:X=(1-520/2000)/(520/90-1)=0.1549;Y=(1+0.1549)*250*1.03/520=0.5719。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺具体为:
(1)首先将低聚物多元醇预热到70℃-100℃,接着将预热后的低聚物多元醇与抗氧剂1010、有机铋Bi8108和助剂混合后加入反应釜A中,在搅拌下将温度加热到110℃-120℃,在-0.09MPa至-0.1MPa真空下脱水2h,然后降温至95℃;
(2)将干燥的HQEE片状物加入反应釜B中,在40r/min转速的搅拌下将温度加热到120℃-125℃;
(3)取计量的反应釜A中混合液加入到预热100℃的真空容器中,接着计量的反应釜B中液体加入到上述的真空容器中,搅拌至均匀后得到混合后的真空容器,随后将混合后的真空容器内的料温控制在100℃;
(4)将MDI预热到65℃-90℃,接着预热后计量的MDI加入上述混合后的真空容器中并启动真空机械手,在高速搅拌下真空脱气30s,然后将混合后的物料注入合成案板中;
(5)在160℃的合成案板中停留20min后取出,转移到80℃-110℃的工业烘箱中后熟化8h-16h,然后取出冷却、破碎、注塑试样测试,注塑温度控制在195℃-210℃,注塑压力控制在50kgf/cm2-60kgf/cm2
(6)试样注塑后在80℃-120℃烘箱中后硫化8h-16h,然后缓慢冷却至室温,48小时后进行测试,得到高温、低压变密封专用TPU。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中低聚物多元醇为聚己内酯二醇、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、改性聚碳酸酯二醇中的一种或两种的组合物。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中抗氧剂1010为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中有机铋Bi8108中铋的含量为20%。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中扩链剂为对苯二酚二羟乙基醚(HQEE)、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或任意几种的组合物。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中MDI为4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)在配方计算上,本发明解决了求解方程组的繁琐计算,可有效减少技术人员在配方计算过程中的出错率,缩短计算时间,方便复核;
(2)在工艺上,本发明解决了自动浇注机由于吐出速度慢,短时间内吐出量不足而导致合成聚合热不足从而影响TPU聚合度的问题(TPU材料没有足够的聚合度机械性能较差);同时,本发明解决了用简单合成容器操作产生的气泡问题,提高了部分机械性能,提高了材料物性的稳定性;
(3)所述的TPU材料不仅在100℃时有较小的压缩永久变形性能,同时还保留了40MPa以上的抗张强度、500%以上的断裂伸长率。无需添加2官能度以上的原料,避免了由于多官能度的原料控制不当而导致交联过度,使材料无法使用甚至无法回收的情况。
(4)本发明以纯HQEE为扩链剂,结合有机铋选择性催化作用,以特殊的温度控制工艺实现了耐高温、低压变TPU的工业化生产,以此工艺合成的TPU非常适合中大型工程机械液压油缸的密封圈。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,主要包括TPU工业合成配方的特殊计算方法和TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺。
例:以多元醇2000分子量、1.4BDO与MDI及异氰酸酯指数1.03计算邵氏90ATPU各组分用量。
所述TPU工业合成配方的特殊计算方法具体为:
以多元醇质量为1份基础计算,1.4BDO与MDI的用量分别设为X与Y,多醇平均分子量经验值为520,则:X=(1-520/2000)/(520/90-1)=0.1549;Y=(1+0.1549)*250*1.03/520=0.5719。
目前工业方法:以多元醇质量为1份基础计算,1.4BDO与MDI的用量分别设为X与Y,硬段含量经验值为66.88%,则:(1+X)/(1+X+Y)=0.6688;(Y/250)/(1/2000+X/90)=1.03
以此二元一次方程求算各组分的含量,解得X=0.1549,Y=0.5719。
由对比可知,本发明的计算方法化繁为简,计算的原理是以物质的摩尔比进行计算,无需解方程组即可精准的计算出各组分的用量,减少了技术人员的大量计算工作,提高了技术人员的配方设计效率。
所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺具体为:
(1)首先将低聚物多元醇预热到70℃-100℃,接着将预热后的低聚物多元醇与抗氧剂1010、有机铋Bi8108和助剂混合后加入反应釜A中,在搅拌下将温度加热到110℃-120℃,在-0.09MPa至-0.1MPa真空下脱水2h,然后降温至95℃;
(2)将干燥的HQEE片状物加入反应釜B中,在40r/min转速的搅拌下将温度加热到120℃-125℃;
(3)取计量的反应釜A中混合液加入到预热100℃的真空容器中,接着计量的反应釜B中液体加入到上述的真空容器中,搅拌至均匀后得到混合后的真空容器,随后将混合后的真空容器内的料温控制在100℃,进行乳化,乳化时间为65s-155s;
(4)将MDI预热到65℃-90℃,接着预热后计量的MDI加入上述混合后的真空容器中并启动真空机械手,在高速搅拌下真空脱气30s,然后将混合后的物料注入合成案板中;
(5)在160℃的合成案板中停留20min后取出,转移到80℃-110℃的工业烘箱中后熟化8h-16h,然后取出冷却、破碎、注塑试样测试,注塑温度控制在195℃-210℃,注塑压力控制在50kgf/cm2-60kgf/cm2
(6)试样注塑后在80℃-120℃烘箱中后硫化8h-16h,然后缓慢冷却至室温,48小时后进行测试,得到高温、低压变密封专用TPU。
所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中低聚物多元醇为聚己内酯二醇、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、改性聚碳酸酯二醇中的一种或两种的组合物。
所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中抗氧剂1010为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯。
所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中有机铋Bi8108中铋的含量为20%。
所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中扩链剂为对苯二酚二羟乙基醚(HQEE)、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或任意几种的组合物。
所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中MDI为4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
实施例2
根据实施例1,通过调整配方的组合与浓度、合成控制工艺中的参数得到12组不同的组合产品,随后按照标准ASTM D2240、ASTM D412、ASTM D624和ASTM D395进行测试,测试结果见表1。
表1
表1备注:1.所有压变数据的压缩率均为25%,此压缩率为密封行业的测试标准,相比ASTM D395的压缩率10%或15%具有更大的压缩量,相比ASTM D395的测试结果,本测试方法结果偏大,但更能说明材料压缩永久变形性能;2.23℃压缩永久变形测试时间为70小时;100℃压缩永久变形的测试时间为24小时;3.所述份数为质量份数;4.所述PE3020为聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇,所述PTMG-1000为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,所述PCL-220N为聚己内酯二醇,所述PCD-982R为改性聚碳酸酯二醇,所述1.3-PG为1,3-丙二醇,所述1.4-BG为1,4-丁二醇,所述TMP为三羟甲基丙烷,所述HQEE为对苯二酚二羟乙基醚,所述MDI为4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,所述1010为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯,所述Bi8108为有机铋Bi8108;5.所述多醇起始温度为多醇混合液预热的温度,所述MDI起始温度为MDI预热的温度。
由表1可知,本发明提供的生产工艺合成的TPU在高温时的压缩永久变形性能较好,在100℃环境中以25%的压缩率压缩24小时,测试的压缩永久变形值为32%,同时保证了40MPa以上的抗张强度。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (8)

1.一种高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,主要包括TPU工业合成配方的特殊计算方法和TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,所述TPU工业合成配方的特殊计算方法具体为:
90A硬度产品,以多元醇质量为1份基础计算,1.4BDO与MDI的用量分别设为X与Y,多元醇分子量为2000,多元醇混合液平均分子量经验值为520,则:X=(1-520/2000)/(520/90-1)=0.1549;Y=(1+0.1549)*250*1.03/520=0.5719。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺具体为:
(1)首先将低聚物多元醇预热到70℃-100℃,接着将预热后的低聚物多元醇与抗氧剂1010、有机铋Bi8108和助剂混合后加入反应釜A中,在搅拌下将温度加热到110℃-120℃,在-0.09MPa至-0.1MPa真空下脱水2h,然后降温至95℃;
(2)将干燥的HQEE片状物加入反应釜B中,在40r/min转速的搅拌下将温度加热到120℃-125℃;
(3)取计量的反应釜A中混合液加入到预热100℃的真空容器中,接着计量的反应釜B中液体加入到上述的真空容器中,搅拌至均匀后得到混合后的真空容器,随后将混合后的真空容器内的料温控制在100℃;
(4)将MDI预热到65℃-90℃,接着预热后计量的MDI加入上述混合后的真空容器中并启动真空机械手,在高速搅拌下真空脱气30s,然后将混合后的物料注入合成案板中;
(5)在160℃的合成案板中停留20min后取出,转移到80℃-110℃的工业烘箱中后熟化8h-16h,然后取出冷却、破碎、注塑试样测试,注塑温度控制在195℃-210℃,注塑压力控制在50kgf/cm2-60kgf/cm2
(6)试样注塑后在80℃-120℃烘箱中后硫化8h-16h,然后缓慢冷却至室温,48小时后进行测试,得到高温、低压变密封专用TPU。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中低聚物多元醇为聚己内酯二醇、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、改性聚碳酸酯二醇中的一种或两种的组合物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中抗氧剂1010为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯。
6.根据权利要求3所述的高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中有机铋Bi8108中铋的含量为20%。
7.根据权利要求3所述的高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中扩链剂为对苯二酚二羟乙基醚(HQEE)、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或任意几种的组合物。
8.根据权利要求3所述的高温、低压变密封专用TPU工业合成技术,其特征在于,所述TPU工业合成控制的特殊工艺中MDI为4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
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