CN106220298B - Agaricus bisporus covering soil capable of improving growth speed and quality of hyphae and preparation method - Google Patents

Agaricus bisporus covering soil capable of improving growth speed and quality of hyphae and preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106220298B
CN106220298B CN201610541084.9A CN201610541084A CN106220298B CN 106220298 B CN106220298 B CN 106220298B CN 201610541084 A CN201610541084 A CN 201610541084A CN 106220298 B CN106220298 B CN 106220298B
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soil
covering
agaricus bisporus
water content
pleurotus eryngii
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CN106220298A (en
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任鹏飞
郭兵
闫怀芹
任海霞
韩建东
李瑾
万鲁长
宫志远
杨鹏
梁怀玉
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving growth speed and quality of hypha, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight: the soil covering material is prepared by mixing 30-70% of turfy soil or garden soil and 70-30% of edible fungus residues, the soil covering material has the characteristics of sufficient water content, high water holding capacity, proper nutrients, good air permeability and the like by using the turfy soil or garden soil and the used fungus residues, the edible fungus residues in the formula have large saturated water content and porosity and good water holding capacity, the whole components are matched with each other to play an unexpected effect, and the edible fungus residues are quick in hypha growth, quick in kinking, high in yield, good in mushroom quality, medium in mushroom quality and not different from the yield of cultivation in the traditional formula.

Description

Agaricus bisporus covering soil capable of improving growth speed and quality of hyphae and preparation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a novel earthing formula of edible fungi based on edible fungi residue recycling, and particularly relates to agaricus bisporus earthing for improving growth speed and quality of hypha and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The agaricus bisporus is the edible fungus which is cultivated most widely and has the largest yield and consumption in the world. The earthing is a necessary technical means for switching the vegetative growth to reproductive growth of the agaricus bisporus, and different earthing formulas can directly influence the quality and the yield of the agaricus bisporus. The covering soil is a necessary condition for switching the vegetative growth to reproductive growth of the agaricus bisporus. To date, the most advanced agaricus bisporus production technology in the world still needs to adopt an earth covering technology. Different casing materials directly affect the yield of agaricus bisporus.
At present, soil covering materials of agaricus bisporus in various domestic areas comprise turfy soil, garden soil, mixed soil, river mud chaff soil and the like. The turfy soil is loose and breathable, does not have hardening, is rich in bacteria and microorganisms, and can be used as an optimal soil covering material for agaricus bisporus, but is stored in original forest in northeast, so that the turfy soil is inconvenient to purchase, transport and manufacture and is not expensive, and the production cost is high due to the fact that the turfy soil is mined to destroy the ecological environment of the original forest in northeast and limit the mining; in most domestic areas, two soil covering materials, namely mixed soil and river mud rice chaff soil are generally adopted, and the mixed soil is low in water content and poor in water retention; the manufacturing labor intensity of the river mud rice chaff soil is high, the porosity is small, the water replenishing is difficult, and the influence on the yield is obvious.
The turfy soil is used as the soil covering material, so that the cost is high, the intensity of destroying the ecological environment is high, and the turfy soil is high in technical requirement, so that the commodity of the product is reduced. The river mud soil is poor in air permeability, the water content is 65%, the maximum water absorption is 38%, the air permeability is high, a novel agaricus bisporus casing soil formula is found, the generation cost is reduced, the production yield is improved, and the method is an urgent need for agaricus bisporus cultivation in the market.
The mushroom dregs are culture carrier for culturing edible mushroom, and the main components of the mushroom dregs are leftover of agricultural and sideline products, such as cottonseed shell, corncob, straw, coconut shell, wood dust, chicken manure and the like. In recent years, domestic fungus cultivation is more and more generalized and scaled, the result of centralized scale production is that a large amount of picked edible fungus residues are discarded, so that serious resource waste and environmental problems are caused, a large amount of fungus residues are generated every year in China, and the traditional method for treating the fungus residues is to discard or burn, so that the large amount of fungus residues cannot be reasonably reused, so that resource waste and environmental pollution are caused, and the hidden troubles of diseases, insects and quality safety are brought to a main production area. The edible fungus dregs contain a plurality of available nutrient elements, have larger saturated water content and porosity and have good water binding capacity. The reasonable reutilization of the fungus dregs of the edible fungi can improve the utilization rate of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of high production cost, complex operation, high labor intensity, high technical performance and the like of the existing agaricus bisporus casing material, the invention provides the agaricus bisporus casing which is simple and convenient to manufacture, has higher saturated water content and porosity and good water retention and can improve the growth speed and quality of hypha.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and quality of hypha.
The invention is realized by the following technical means:
an agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving growth speed and quality of hypha comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
30-70% of turfy soil or garden soil, 70-30% of edible fungus dregs,
the agaricus bisporus casing soil has the water content of 45-50%, the pH value of 7.5-8 and the nitrogen content of 1.6-1.75%, and the field soil is cultivated layer soil 15-18cm away from the ground surface or ground surface soil 1-15cm away from the ground surface.
The turfy soil generally refers to a product special for ancient marsh environment, a dead soft organic accumulation layer is formed under the condition of lack of air in rich water, the content of nitrogen and ash elements is low, the ventilation property is good, and the turfy soil is naturally formed.
The turfy soil adopted by the invention is prepared by crushing straws, adding zymophyte for fermentation, adding black soil when 30% of remains are left when the straws are not completely rotten, wherein the adding amount of the black soil is 50-70% of the straws, adding water with the mass of 10-30% of the black soil after mixing, and spraying for four times at intervals by using a spraying technology, wherein the spraying is carried out again when the straws are dried to 50% in the previous time. The zymophyte is a zymophyte which is conventionally used in the field.
The invention preferably relates to agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and quality of hypha, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
40-60% of turfy soil or garden soil and 60-40% of edible fungus residues.
The invention preferably relates to agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and quality of hypha, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
55% of turfy soil and 45% of edible fungus residues.
The invention preferably relates to agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and quality of hypha, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
55% of garden soil and 45% of edible fungus residues.
The invention preferably relates to agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and quality of hypha, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
70% of garden soil and 30% of edible fungus residues.
Preferably, the edible fungus residues are fresh, dry, mildewproof and pollution-free edible fungus residues, the water content is about 50-60%, the porosity is 80-90%, and the volume weight is 0.2-0.3 g/m3
Preferably, the edible mushroom dregs are oyster mushroom dregs, pleurotus eryngii dregs or needle mushroom dregs.
Preferably, the edible fungus residues are obtained by air blasting, oxygen increasing and fermenting, the fermentation temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days; and paving an air duct with air holes on the surface at the bottom of the material pile, and blasting air to the material pile through an air blasting device for oxygenation, so that the temperature of the material pile is raised to 55-60 ℃, and the power of the air blasting device is 250 w.
The preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and the quality of hypha comprises the following steps:
(1) spreading fresh turfy soil, rural soil and edible fungus residues in the sun, airing for 2-3 days until the water content is 15-20 wt%, carrying out air blast oxygen enrichment fermentation on the aired edible fungus residues, and uniformly mixing the aired turfy soil or rural soil and the fermented edible fungus residues to obtain an earthing mixture;
(2) adding lime powder into the soil covering mixture, adjusting pH to 7.5-8, adjusting water content to 40-60%, performing formaldehyde disinfection treatment, covering with film, performing fumigation for 2-4 days, adjusting water content to 45-50%, and covering with film for use.
Preferably, the addition amount of the lime powder is 5-20% of the earthing mixture.
According to the invention, the addition amount of formaldehyde is preferably 2-3% of the soil covering mixture.
The soil covering formula material is suitable for soil covering materials of compost for tunnel fermentation, and the soil covering thickness is 2-4 cm.
The use method of the agaricus bisporus casing soil comprises the following steps:
and (3) covering soil after the mushroom hyphae grow fully in the culture material, crushing the covered soil before covering the soil, covering the soil with the thickness of 3-4 cm, adding no water for the first and second days after soil covering, adding a large amount of water after the hyphae eat the soil, controlling the temperature at 24-26 ℃, controlling the room humidity at 90-95%, and raking for 8-9 days.
Compared with the prior art, the formula has the following advantages:
1. according to the formula, the turfy soil or the garden soil is mixed with the edible fungus dregs to serve as the earthing material, so that the earthing material has the characteristics of sufficient water content, high water holding capacity, proper nutrients, good air permeability and the like, the edible fungus dregs in the formula have relatively high saturated water content and porosity, good water holding capacity is realized, the whole components are matched with each other, an unexpected effect is achieved, and the effects that hyphae grow fast, kink fast, the yield is high, the quality of the mushroom is good, the mushroom is medium and the yield is not different from that of the traditional formula; the edible mushroom residues are mixed with the turfy soil and the garden soil, so that the production cost of the agaricus bisporus casing material can be reduced, the labor intensity for manufacturing the casing material is reduced, the used agaricus bisporus residues can be recycled as a high-quality raw material, and the constraint of the traditional formula is broken.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
An agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving growth speed and quality of hypha comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
55 percent of turfy soil, 45 percent of pleurotus eryngii fungus dreg, 50 percent of water content of agaricus bisporus casing soil, 7.6 of pH value and 1.75 percent of nitrogen content,
the pleurotus eryngii dregs are fresh, dry, mildewless and pollution-free pleurotus eryngii dregs, the water content is about 50-60%, the porosity is 80-90%, and the volume weight is 0.2-0.3 g/m3. The turfy soil is prepared by crushing straws, adding zymophyte for fermentation, adding black soil when 30% of remains of the straws are not completely rotten, adding water accounting for 10-30% of the weight of the black soil after mixing, and spraying for four times at intervals by using a spraying technology, wherein the spraying is carried out at intervals when the weight of the straws is 50% of that of the straws in the previous time.
The preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and the quality of hypha comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively spreading fresh turfy soil and pleurotus eryngii fungus residues in the sun and airing for 2-3 days until the water content is 18wt%, carrying out air blast oxygen enrichment fermentation on the aired pleurotus eryngii fungus residues, and uniformly mixing the aired turfy soil and the fermented pleurotus eryngii fungus residues to obtain an earthing mixture;
(2) adding 15% lime powder into the soil covering mixture, adjusting pH to 7.8, adjusting water content to 50%, sterilizing with 2% formaldehyde, covering with film, fumigating and sterilizing for 3 days, adjusting water content again to 50%, and covering with film for use. Covering a film for later use;
(3) after the hyphae grow over the culture material and before the hyphae are covered with soil, watering for 2 times, pressing and leveling the culture material surface full of the hyphae, covering with covering materials made of turfy soil and edible fungus residues, wherein the thickness is about 3 cm, and the covering is uniform;
(4) and (4) performing fruiting management, wherein the fruiting temperature is 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and an exhaust fan is turned on every hour for ventilation for 5 minutes during fruiting.
Example 2
An agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving growth speed and quality of hypha comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
55 percent of garden soil, 45 percent of oyster mushroom dregs, 50 percent of water content of agaricus bisporus casing soil, 7.6 of pH value and 1.75 percent of nitrogen content,
the mushroom dregs are fresh, dry, non-mildew and non-pollutionThe water content of the dyed oyster mushroom dregs is about 50-60%, the porosity is 80-90%, and the volume weight is 0.2-0.3 g/m3. The soil of a plough layer with the distance between the garden soil and the ground surface being 15-18cm or the soil of a ground surface layer with the distance between the garden soil and the ground surface being 1-15 cm.
The preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and the quality of hypha comprises the following steps:
(1) taking garden soil and oyster mushroom residues, spreading the garden soil and the oyster mushroom residues in the sun, airing the garden soil and the oyster mushroom residues for 2-3 days respectively until the water content is 16 wt%, carrying out air blast oxygen enrichment fermentation on the aired oyster mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing the aired turfy soil and the fermented oyster mushroom residues to obtain an earthing mixture;
(2) adding 15% lime powder into the soil covering mixture, adjusting pH to 7.8, adjusting water content to 52%, sterilizing with 2% formaldehyde, covering with film, fumigating and sterilizing for 3 days, adjusting water content again to 52%, and covering with film for use. Covering a film for later use;
(3) after the hyphae grow over the culture material and before the hyphae are covered with soil, watering for 2 times, pressing and leveling the culture material surface full of the hyphae, covering with covering materials made of turfy soil and edible fungus residues, wherein the thickness is about 3 cm, and the covering is uniform;
(4) and (4) performing fruiting management, wherein the fruiting temperature is 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and an exhaust fan is turned on every hour for ventilation for 5 minutes during fruiting.
Example 3
An agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving growth speed and quality of hypha comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
70 percent of garden soil, 30 percent of oyster mushroom dregs, 50 percent of water content of agaricus bisporus casing soil, 7.6 of pH value and 1.75 percent of nitrogen content,
the oyster mushroom dregs are fresh, dry, free of mildew and pollution, the water content is about 50-60%, the porosity is 80-90%, and the volume weight is 0.2-0.3 g/m3. The soil of a plough layer with the distance between the garden soil and the ground surface being 15-18cm or the soil of a ground surface layer with the distance between the garden soil and the ground surface being 1-15 cm.
The preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and the quality of hypha comprises the following steps:
(1) taking garden soil and oyster mushroom residues, spreading the garden soil and the oyster mushroom residues in the sun, airing the garden soil and the oyster mushroom residues for 2-3 days respectively until the water content is 15 wt%, carrying out air blast oxygen enrichment fermentation on the aired oyster mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing the aired turfy soil and the fermented oyster mushroom residues to obtain an earthing mixture;
(2) adding 15% lime powder into the soil covering mixture, adjusting pH to 7.8, adjusting water content to 45%, sterilizing with 2% formaldehyde, covering with film, fumigating and sterilizing for 3 days, adjusting water content to 45%, and covering with film. Covering a film for later use;
(3) after the hyphae grow over the culture material and before the hyphae are covered with soil, watering for 2 times, pressing and leveling the culture material surface full of the hyphae, covering with covering materials made of turfy soil and edible fungus residues, wherein the thickness is about 3 cm, and the covering is uniform;
(4) and (4) performing fruiting management, wherein the fruiting temperature is 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and an exhaust fan is turned on every hour for ventilation for 5 minutes during fruiting.
Comparative example 1
A novel earthing formula of agaricus bisporus, which is the same as example 1, except that:
the soil covering material of the agaricus bisporus is pure turfy soil, and the material processing, soil covering mode and cultivation management of the agaricus bisporus are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
A novel earthing formula of agaricus bisporus, which is the same as example 1, except that:
the soil covering material of the agaricus bisporus is pure garden soil, and the material treatment, soil covering mode and cultivation management of the agaricus bisporus are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
A novel earthing formula of agaricus bisporus, which is the same as example 1, except that:
the covering soil material of the agaricus bisporus is prepared by mixing garden soil and rice hulls in a ratio of 55%: 45 percent, the material treatment, the soil covering mode and the cultivation management of the agaricus bisporus are the same as the example 1.
Experimental comparison results
The influence of the different casing material formulations of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 on agaricus bisporus germination and yield is shown in table 1 below,
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001044932690000061
Figure BDA0001044932690000071
Conclusion analysis: the more peatmoss, the faster hyphae grow, the earlier fruiting body forms, the higher yield, but the mushroom type is smaller, the quality is loose, and the color is common; the more the mushroom dregs are added, the fast growth and twisting of the hyphae are realized, the yield is high, the quality of the mushroom is good, and the number of the mushroom is medium; the more the garden soil is, the slower the hypha climbs the soil, the slow twisting is, the yield is low, but the mushrooms are large, white in color and dense in texture, so that the mushroom is suitable for being sold fresh.
The comparison of experimental results shows that the yield of the agaricus bisporus in the novel agaricus bisporus casing formula is superior to that of the conventional casing formula.

Claims (1)

1. An agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving growth speed and quality of hypha comprises the following raw material components in percentage by weight:
55 percent of turfy soil, 45 percent of pleurotus eryngii fungus dreg, 50 percent of water content of agaricus bisporus casing soil, 7.6 of pH value and 1.75 percent of nitrogen content,
carrying out thin-wall cultivation on the pleurotus eryngii dregs, wherein the pleurotus eryngii dregs are fresh, dry, free of mildew and pollution, the water content of the pleurotus eryngii dregs is 50-60%, the porosity of the pleurotus eryngii dregs is 80-90%, and the volume weight of the pleurotus eryngii dregs is 0.2-0.3 g/m; the turfy soil is prepared by crushing straws, adding zymophyte for fermentation, adding black soil when 30% of remains of the straws are not completely rotten, adding water accounting for 10-30% of the weight of the black soil after mixing, and spraying for four times at intervals by using a spraying technology, wherein the spraying is carried out at intervals when the weight of the straws is 50% of that of the straws in the previous time;
the preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing soil for improving the growth speed and the quality of hypha comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively spreading fresh turfy soil and pleurotus eryngii fungus residues in the sun and airing for 2-3 days until the water content is 18wt%, carrying out air blast oxygen enrichment fermentation on the aired pleurotus eryngii fungus residues, and uniformly mixing the aired turfy soil and the fermented pleurotus eryngii fungus residues to obtain an earthing mixture;
(2) adding 15% lime powder into the soil covering mixture, adjusting p H value to 7.8, adjusting water content to 50%, sterilizing with 2% formaldehyde, covering with film, fumigating for 3 days, adjusting water content again to 50%, and covering with film;
(3) after the hyphae grow over the culture material and before the hyphae are covered with soil, watering for 2 times, pressing and leveling the culture material surface full of the hyphae, covering with covering material made of turfy soil and edible fungus residues, wherein the thickness is 3 cm, and the covering is uniform;
(4) and (4) performing fruiting management, wherein the fruiting temperature is 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 90-95%, and an exhaust fan is turned on every hour for ventilation for 5 minutes during fruiting.
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CN108496696A (en) * 2018-04-08 2018-09-07 北京农学院 A kind of rotten type edible fungus of landscape grass and its breeding method
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