CN106211777A - 作为阻燃剂的七磷衍生化合物 - Google Patents
作为阻燃剂的七磷衍生化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106211777A CN106211777A CN201580011843.4A CN201580011843A CN106211777A CN 106211777 A CN106211777 A CN 106211777A CN 201580011843 A CN201580011843 A CN 201580011843A CN 106211777 A CN106211777 A CN 106211777A
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- Prior art keywords
- represent
- phenyl
- alkyl
- group
- substituted
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- -1 phosphorus derivative compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 58
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006309 butyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- DWSWCPPGLRSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[c][2,1]benzoxaphosphinin-6-ium 6-oxide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[P+](=O)OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 DWSWCPPGLRSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypodiphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)P(O)(O)=O TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AVIZTSRRMBGYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium phosphonato phosphate 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O AVIZTSRRMBGYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KTNPVRSKFWZJEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1N KTNPVRSKFWZJEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DTSDBGVDESRKKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-aminoethyl)propane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NCCCNCCN DTSDBGVDESRKKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- BGGGMYCMZTXZBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxyphenyl) phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)=C1 BGGGMYCMZTXZBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含七磷衍生化合物的阻燃组合物和新型七磷衍生化合物。这些七磷衍生化合物尤其可用于制造基于热塑性聚合物(尤其是聚烯烃均聚物及共聚物)、缩聚物(例如聚酰胺或聚酯)和硬质塑料聚合物(例如基于聚环氧化物的那些)的阻燃组合物。
Description
本发明涉及新型七磷衍生化合物及其在阻燃聚合物组合物中的用途。本发明还涉及包含这些七磷衍生化合物的阻燃组合物。
这些七磷衍生化合物尤其可用于生产基于热塑性聚合物,尤其是聚烯烃均聚物和共聚物、缩聚物如聚酰胺或聚酯,和硬质塑料(duroplastic)聚合物如基于聚环氧化物的那些的阻燃组合物。
将阻燃剂添加至聚合物材料(合成或天然材料)中以提高聚合物的阻燃性。取决于其组成,阻燃剂可以以化学方式(例如通过释放氮而呈泡沫形式)和/或物理方式(例如通过产生发泡覆盖)作用于固相、液相或气相中。在燃烧过程的特定阶段(例如在加热、分解、点燃或火焰传播期间),阻燃剂会进行干涉。
已知许多阻燃剂,例如基于含氮化合物的那些,例如氰脲酸三聚氰胺、磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺磷酸铵、三聚氰胺聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺焦磷酸铵、三聚氰胺与磷酸的缩合产物以及三聚氰胺与磷酸的其他反应产物。
红磷在所选聚合物(PA,PU)中赋予优异的阻燃效果,而在其他聚合物(PBT、聚烯烃)中的阻燃性不足。红磷的使用进一步受到如下因素的限制:其在聚合物基材中的强颜色效应、倘若存在残余量的水则储存稳定性不足(PBT和PU)以及储存期间在反应性树脂中的不期望沉降(PU)。
仍需要具有可用于不同聚合物基材中的改善性质的阻燃组合物。关于安全性和环境要求的标准提高导致规章更加严格。特别地,含有卤素的已知阻燃剂不再符合所有必要的要求。因此,优选不含卤素的阻燃剂或低卤素含量的阻燃剂,特别是就其在与火焰有关的烟密度的优选性能而言。改善的热稳定性和较小的腐蚀行为是不含卤素的阻燃组合物的其他益处。
令人惊讶地发现,在向聚合物基材中添加所选的七磷衍生(P7)化合物的情况下,制得了具有优异阻燃性的热塑性或硬质塑料聚合物。
本发明涉及一种组合物,特别是阻燃组合物,其包含:
a)七磷衍生(P7)化合物;和
b)聚合物基材。
术语七磷衍生(P7)化合物在其范围内包括磷化合物,其中7个磷原子形成具有3个可修饰(可取代)仲磷原子的七磷杂三环[2.2.1.02,6]庚烷型笼结构。因此,磷原子优选呈连接或配位有至多3个配体的三环结构设置。具有该结构的登记实例为P7H3(CAS 51273-53-1)。该类配体的其他实例为各金属离子(例如锌离子)、由复合或配位化学已知的其他离子基团、具有其他取代基(例如三有机基硅基团)或有机基团(例如下文所解释的那些)的非金属原子。P7基团与金属原子(例如锌)、非金属原子(例如硅)和/或有机基团的碳原子之间存在直接键。
根据优选实施方案,所述七磷衍生(P7)化合物选自如下组:七磷卤化锌、三嗪七磷化物、三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物和三烷基七膦。
七磷卤化锌可通过卤化锌(特别是氯化锌)与三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物(例如P7(TMS)3(=三-三甲基甲硅烷基七磷化物))在有机溶剂(例如THF)中反应获得。
P7(TMS)3可通过H.Schmidbaur,A.Bauer,An improved preparation of tris(trimethylsilyl)heptaphosphine,Phosphorus,Sulfur,and Silicon,1995,第102卷,第217-219页中所述的方法获得。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及一种组合物,特别是阻燃组合物,其包含:
a)七磷卤化锌;和
b)聚合物基材。
本发明的又一实施方案涉及一种组合物,特别是阻燃组合物,其包含:
a)三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物,特别是三-三甲基甲硅烷基七磷化物;和
b)聚合物基材。
三嗪七磷化物可通过已知或类似的方法,例如通过三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物(例如P7(TMS)3(=三-三甲基甲硅烷基七磷化物))与合适的三嗪化合物(例如三聚氰胺)或系列蜜勒胺、蜜白胺和氰尿酰胺的三聚氰胺缩合产物反应而获得。
具有三聚氰胺或系列蜜勒胺、蜜白胺和氰尿酰胺的三聚氰胺缩合产物的七磷衍生(P7)化合物是新颖的,其也是本发明的主题。
因此,本发明的又一实施方案涉及三嗪七磷化物加成化合物以及所述化合物的制备。
又一实施方案涉及一种组合物,特别是阻燃组合物,其包含a)选自如下组的七磷衍生(P7)化合物:七磷卤化锌、三嗪七磷化物、三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物和三烷基七膦。
特别地,本发明涉及一种组合物,特别是阻燃组合物,其包含a)选自如下组的七磷衍生(P7)化合物:七磷氯化锌、三聚氰胺七磷化物、三-三甲基甲硅烷基-七膦和下式的三烷基七膦:
P7(Rx)3 (I)
其中Rx表示如下部分式的基团:
-CR1R2R3 (A),
其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH=CRaRb(B)
其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH-C(=O)-Ra (C)
其中:
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;
或其中
c)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;
R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或d)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;且
R1、R2和R3中的两个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。
定义C1-C4烷基在其范围内包括甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基以及正丁基、叔丁基和异丁基。
被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基优选为苄基或1-或2-苯基乙基。
本发明的组合物具有优异的热稳定性而无不期望的颜色效应,因此鉴于其在热塑性聚合物中的易分散性尤其适用于用于制造电和电子零件和器件的工程热塑性塑料和环氧压层体。此外,包含本发明化合物的环氧树脂对玻璃转变温度不显示出或仅显示出很小的不利影响,据认为这对其在用于制造印刷电路板的环氧压层体中的应用是有利的。通过在热塑性和硬质塑料树脂中使用本发明的阻燃添加剂,可大幅减少或替代常规的含卤阻燃剂和卤化环氧树脂、锑化合物和无机填料。
本发明的又一实施方案涉及上文所定义的七磷衍生(P7)化合物用于在聚合物中诱导阻燃性的用途。
其中存在七磷(P7)加成化合物的上文所定义的聚合物组合物获得了所期望的根据UL-94(保险商实验室项目94)的V-0等级,且在相关测试方法中获得其他优异等级。
这些七磷衍生(P7)化合物优选以基于聚合物基材的重量为1.0-90.0重量%,优选2.0-50.0重量%的量包含在本发明的阻燃组合物中。
术语聚合物和基材在其范围内包括热塑性和硬质塑料聚合物及热固性塑料。
下文给出了合适热塑性聚合物的列表:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基-戊-1-烯、聚乙烯基环己烷、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯,聚乙烯(任选可交联),例如高密度聚亚甲基(HDPE)、高密度和高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW),高密度和超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和ULDPE)。
聚烯烃,即前段中所列举的单烯烃的聚合物,优选聚乙烯和聚丙烯,可通过不同的方法制备,尤其通过以下方法制备:
a)自由基聚合(一般在高压和升高的温度下进行);
b)催化聚合,使用通常含有一种或多于一种元素周期表IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族金属的催化剂。这些金属通常具有一种或多于一种的配体,通常为氧化物、卤化物、醇盐、酯、醚、胺、烷基化物、烯基化物和/或芳基化物,它们可以是α-或π-配位的。这些金属配合物可呈游离形式或固
定在基材上,通常固定在活化氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或氧化硅上。这些催化剂可溶于或不溶于聚合介质中。催化剂本身可用于聚合中,或可使用其他活化剂,一般是金属烷基化物、金属氢化物、金属烷基卤化物、金属烷基氧化物或金属烷基氧丙环,所述金属为元素周期表Ia、IIa和/或IIIa族的元素。活化剂可方便地用其他酯、醚、胺或甲硅烷基醚基团改性。这些催化剂体系一般称为Phillips、Standard Oil Indiana、Ziegler-Natta、TNZ(DuPont)、金属茂或单中心催化剂(SSC)。
2.1)中所提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物,聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE),以及不同类型聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃和二烯烃彼此之间或与其他乙烯基单体之间的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物,线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和它们与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物,丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物,丙烯/异丁烯共聚物,乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物,乙烯/己烯共聚物,乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物,乙烯/庚烯共聚物,乙烯/辛烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物,乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯,如COC),乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物,其中1-烯烃原位产生;丙烯/丁二烯共聚物,异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物,乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物以及它们的盐(离聚物)以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯例如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯的三元共聚物;以及这些共聚物彼此之间和与上述1)中所述聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物,LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA),LLDPE/EVA,LLDPE/EAA,以及交替或无规的聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其他聚合物,例如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.烃树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化改性形式(例如增粘剂),以及聚亚烷基与淀粉的混合物。
上述均聚物和共聚物可具有立体结构,包括间规立构、等规立构、半等规立构或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
5.聚苯乙烯,聚(对甲基苯乙烯),聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.衍生自乙烯基芳族单体的芳族均聚物和共聚物,所述单体包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯的所有异构体,尤其是对乙烯基甲苯,乙基苯乙烯的所有异构体,丙基苯乙烯,乙烯基联苯,乙烯基萘,以及乙烯基蒽,以及它们的混合物。均聚物和共聚物可具有立体结构,包括间规立构、等规立构、半等规立构或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
a)包括上述乙烯基芳族单体和选自以下的共聚单体的共聚物:乙烯,丙烯,二烯,腈,酸,马来酸酐,马来酰亚胺,乙酸乙烯酯和氯乙烯或丙烯酸衍生物以及它们的混合物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯,苯乙烯/丙烯腈,苯乙烯/乙烯(三元共聚物),苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/马来酸酐,苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲基酯;高抗冲强度的苯乙烯共聚物与其他聚合物例如聚丙烯酸酯,二烯聚合物,或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯,苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯,苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或者苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。
b)由6)中所述聚合物的氢化衍生的氢化芳族聚合物,尤其包括通过氢化无规立构聚苯乙烯制备的聚环己基乙烯(PCHE),通常称为聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH)。
c)由6a)中所述聚合物的氢化衍生的氢化芳族聚合物。
均聚物和共聚物可具有立体结构,包括间规立构、等规立构、半等规立构或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
7.乙烯基芳族单体,例如苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和马来酸酐在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯和丙烯腈在丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上的接枝共聚物,及其与6)中所列共聚物的混合物,例如已知为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
8.含卤素的聚合物例如聚氯丁二烯、氯化橡胶,异丁烯-异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤代丁基橡胶),氯化或磺基氯化的聚乙烯,乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物,表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,尤其是含卤素的乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯,聚偏氟乙烯,以及它们的共聚物,例如氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯,氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或偏二氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9.衍生自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈,其用丙烯酸丁酯进行冲击改性。
10.9)中所述单体彼此之间或与其他不饱和单体之间的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/乙烯基卤共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11.衍生自不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或缩醛的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯基酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯基酯、聚马来酸乙烯基酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基蜜胺;以及它们与1)中所述烯烃的共聚物。
12.环醚的均聚物和共聚物,例如聚亚烷基二醇,聚氧化乙烯,聚氧化丙烯,或其与二缩水甘油醚的共聚物。
13.聚缩醛,例如聚甲醛,以及含有环氧乙烷作为共聚单体的那些聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
14.聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,以及聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.一方面衍生自羟基封端的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯且另一方面衍生自脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯及其前体。
16.衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或衍生自氨基羧酸或相应内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4,聚酰胺6,聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12,4/6、12/12,聚酰胺11,聚酰胺12,来自间二甲苯二胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;在存在或不存在作为改性剂的弹性体下由六亚甲基二胺和间苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸制备的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺;以及上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合或接枝弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或与聚醚的共聚物,例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四亚甲基二醇;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在加工期间缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
17.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
18.衍生自二羧酸和二醇和/或衍生自羟基羧酸或相应内酯的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚萘甲酸亚烷基酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯,以及衍生自羟基封端的聚醚的嵌段共聚醚酯,以及用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
19.聚酮。
20.聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
21.上述聚合物的共混物(聚合物共混物),例如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS,PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA6.6,和共聚物,PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/热塑性聚酯弹性体、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
22.具有对应于以下通式的聚碳酸酯:
这些聚碳酸酯可通过界面法或熔融法(催化酯交换反应)获得。聚碳酸酯在结构上可为支化或线性的且可包含任意官能取代基。聚碳酸酯共聚物与聚碳酸酯共混物也处于本发明的范围之内。术语聚碳酸酯应理解为包括与其他热塑性材料的共聚物和共混物。生产聚碳酸酯的方法是已知的,例如参见美国专利说明书3,030,331、3,169,121、4,130,458、4,263,201、4,286,083、4,552,704、5,210,268和5,606,007。可使用两种或更多种不同分子量的聚碳酸酯的组合。
优选为可通过二酚(例如双酚A)与碳酸酯源反应而获得的聚碳酸酯。合适的二酚实例为:
双酚A:双酚AF:
双酚AP:双酚B:
双酚C:双酚E:
双酚F:双酚M:
双酚P:
双酚S:双酚TMC:
双酚Z:
4,4'-(2-亚冰片基)双(2,6-二氯酚);或芴-9-双酚:
碳酸酯源可为碳酰卤、碳酸酯或卤代甲酸酯。合适的碳酰卤为光气或碳酰溴。合适的碳酸酯为碳酸二烷基酯,例如碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二苯酯、碳酸苯基-烷基苯基酯如碳酸苯基-甲苯基酯,碳酸二烷基酯,例如碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二(卤代苯基)酯如碳酸二(氯苯基)酯、碳酸二(溴苯基)酯、碳酸二(三氯苯基)酯或碳酸二(三氯苯基)酯、碳酸二(烷基苯基)酯如碳酸二甲苯基酯、碳酸萘基酯、碳酸二氯萘基酯等。
包含聚碳酸酯或聚碳酸酯共混物的上述聚合物基材为其中存在间苯二甲酸间苯二酚/对苯二甲酸间苯二酚链段的聚碳酸酯共聚物。这些聚碳酸酯可市购,例如SLX(General Electrics Co.,USA)。组分b)的其他聚合物基材还可以以混合物或共聚物的形式含有宽范围的合成聚合物,包括聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯类、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、热塑性聚氨酯、聚砜、聚缩醛与PVC,包括合适的相容剂。例如,聚合物基材可额外含有选自聚烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯、苯乙烯类聚合物及其共聚物的热塑性聚合物。具体实施方案包括聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸环亚己基亚甲基酯(PCTG)、聚砜(PSU)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(ASA)、丙烯腈-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯(AES)、苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)或高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)。
本发明的优选实施方案涉及七磷衍生(P7)化合物在热塑性聚合物中的用途。优选的热塑性聚合物包括聚烯烃、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚酯和聚碳酸酯。
优选一种阻燃组合物,其包含:
a)七磷衍生(P7)化合物;和
b')热塑性聚合物基材。
本发明的另一优选实施方案涉及一种阻燃组合物,其中组分b)为聚环氧化物型硬质塑料聚合物基材。
本发明的又一优选实施方案涉及一种组合物,其包含:
a)七磷衍生(P7)化合物;和
b”)多官能环氧化合物和任选的硬化剂化合物。
合适的多官能环氧化合物为环氧化物,其中存在至少两个如下部分式的环氧基:
其直接与碳、氧、氮或硫原子连接,且其中q表示0,R1和R3均表示氢且R2表示氢或甲基;或其中q表示0或1,R1和R3一起形成-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-CH2-CH2-基团且R2表示氢。
合适的硬化剂组分为例如胺和酸酐硬化剂,例如聚胺,例如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基三胺、六亚甲基二胺、甲二胺、N-氨基乙基哌嗪、二氨基二苯基甲烷[DDM]、DDM的烷基取代衍生物、异佛尔酮二胺[IPD]、二氨基二苯基砜[DDS]、4,4'-亚甲基二苯胺[MDA]或间苯二胺[MPDA])、聚酰胺、烷基/链烯基咪唑、双氰胺[DICY]、1,6-六亚甲基-双-氰基胍,或酸酐,例如十二碳烯基琥珀酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、苯均四酸酐及其衍生物。
本发明进一步涉及化合物(1)在阻燃组合物中的用途,所述阻燃组合物除上文所定义的组分之外还包含任选的组分,例如额外的阻燃剂和/或选自如下组的其他添加剂:四烷基哌啶添加剂、聚合物稳定剂、填料、增强剂和降低热塑性聚合物的熔体流动并减少较高温度下液滴形成的所谓抗滴落剂。
本发明还涉及在聚合物中诱导阻燃性的方法,其包括向聚合物基材中添加至少一种与至少一种额外阻燃剂的组合。
该额外阻燃剂为含磷阻燃剂,例如选自含磷和/或含氮的阻燃剂,含有机卤素的阻燃剂和无机阻燃剂。
含磷阻燃剂例如为二磷酸间苯二酚四苯基酯、间苯二酚苯基磷酸酯低聚物(RDP,Akzo Nobel)、磷酸三苯基酯、双酚A苯基磷酸酯低聚物(BDP)、磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、乙二胺二磷酸酯(EDAP)、四(2,6-二甲基苯基)间苯二酚二磷酸酯、聚磷酸铵、N,N-双(2-羟基乙基)-氨基甲基膦酸二乙基酯、磷酸的羟基烷基酯、二-C1-C4烷基次磷酸和连二磷酸(H3PO2)的盐(特别是Ca2+、Zn2+或Al3+盐)、四(羟基甲基)硫化三苯基膦、三苯基氧化膦、四苯基一氧化二膦、磷腈和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷酰基菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)及其衍生物,例如2-(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物)-1,4-苯二醇。
产氮阻燃剂例如为异氰脲酸酯阻燃剂,例如聚异氰脲酸酯、异氰脲酸的酯或异氰脲酸盐。代表性实例为异氰脲酸羟基烷基酯,例如异氰脲酸三-(2-羟乙基)酯、异氰脲酸三(羟甲基)酯、异氰脲酸三(3-羟基正丙基)酯或异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯。
含氮阻燃剂包括其他基于三聚氰胺的阻燃剂。代表性实例为氰脲酸三聚氰胺、硼酸三聚氰胺、磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺焦磷酸铵、磷酸双三聚氰胺和焦磷酸双三聚氰胺。
其他实例为苯胍胺、尿囊素、甘脲、氰脲酸脲、聚磷酸铵,以及蜜勒胺、蜜白胺、氰尿酰胺系列的三聚氰胺缩合产物和/或三聚氰胺与磷酸的高度缩合的化合物或反应产物,或其混合物。
代表性的有机卤素阻燃剂例如为多溴化二苯基醚(DE-60F,Great Lakes Corp.)、十溴二苯基醚(DBDPO;102E)、磷酸三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]酯(PBFMC Corp.)、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯、氯菌酸、四氯邻苯二甲酸、四溴邻苯二甲酸、聚三膦酸氯乙基酯混合物、四溴双酚A双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)(PE68)、溴化环氧树脂、亚乙基-双(四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺)(BT-93)、双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷(Declorane)、氯化石蜡、八溴二苯基醚、1,2-双(三溴苯氧基)乙烷(FF680)、四溴双酚A(RB100)、亚乙基双-(二溴降莰烷二甲酰亚胺)(BN-451)、双-(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷、PTFE、异氰脲酸三-(2,3-二溴丙基)酯和亚乙基-双-四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺。
上文所提及的有机卤素阻燃剂通常与无机氧化物增效剂组合。最常用的为锌或锑的氧化物,例如Sb2O3或Sb2O5。硼化合也是合适的。
代表性的无机阻燃剂包括例如氢氧化铝(ATH)、勃姆石(AlOOH)、氢氧化镁(MDH)、水滑石、硼酸锌、CaCO3、(有机改性的)层状硅酸盐、(有机改性的)层状双氢氧化物及其混合物。
特别优选的额外阻燃剂为选自如下组的产氮化合物:氰脲酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺磷酸铵、三聚氰胺聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺焦磷酸铵、三聚氰胺与磷酸的缩合产物以及三聚氰胺与磷酸的其他反应产物及其混合物。
上文所提及的额外阻燃剂类别有利地以如下量包含在本发明的组合物中:基于有机聚合物基材为约0.5-约40.0重量%;例如约1.0-约30.0重量%;例如基于组合物的总重量为约2.0-约25.0重量%。
上文所定义的七磷衍生(P7)化合物与额外阻燃剂的组合优选以基于组合物总重量为0.5-60.0重量%,优选2.0-55.0重量%的量包含在所述阻燃组合物中。
根据另一实施方案,本发明涉及额外包含额外组分—所谓的抗滴落剂的阻燃组合物。
这些抗滴落剂降低热塑性聚合物的熔体流动并抑制高温下的液滴形成。各参考文献,如美国专利说明书4,263,201描述了向阻燃组合物中添加抗滴落剂。
抑制高温下液滴形成的合适添加剂包括玻璃纤维、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、高温弹性体、碳纤维、玻璃球等。
在各参考文献中已提出添加具有不同结构的聚硅氧烷;参见美国专利说明书6,660,787、6,727,302或6,730,720。
根据又一实施方案,本发明涉及额外包含填料和增强剂作为额外组分的阻燃组合物。合适的填料例如为玻璃粉、玻璃微球、硅石、云母和滑石。
稳定剂优选是无卤的且选自如下组:硝酰稳定剂、硝酮稳定剂、氧化胺稳定剂、苯并呋喃酮类稳定剂、亚磷酸酯和次膦酸酯稳定剂、醌甲基化物稳定剂和2,2'-亚烷基双酚的单丙烯酸酯稳定剂。
如上所述,本发明的组合物可额外包含一种或多种常规添加剂,所述添加剂例如选自颜料、染料、增塑剂、抗氧化剂、触变剂、流平助剂、基础共稳定剂、金属钝化剂、金属氧化物、有机磷化合物、其他光稳定剂及其混合物;尤其是颜料、酚类抗氧化剂、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、2-羟基二苯甲酮类UV吸收剂、2-(2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑和/或2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类。
用于上文所定义组合物的优选额外添加剂为加工稳定剂,例如上文所述的亚磷酸酯和酚类抗氧化剂,以及光稳定剂,例如苯并三唑类。优选的具体抗氧化剂包括3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯(IRGANOX 1076)、季戊四醇-四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯](IRGANOX 1010)、异氰脲酸三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯(IRGANOX3114)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯(IRGANOX 1330)、三甘醇-双[3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯](IRGANOX 245)和N,N'-己烷-1,6-二基-双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺](IRGANOX 1098)。具体的加工稳定剂包括亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(IRGAFOS 168)、3,9-双(2,4-二叔丁基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷(IRGAFOS 126)、亚磷酸2,2',2”-次氮基[三乙基-三(3,3',5,5'-四叔丁基-1,1'-联苯-2,2’-二基)]酯(IRGAFOS 12)和双次膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)[1,1-联苯]-4,4’-二基酯(IRGAFOS P-EPQ)。具体的光稳定剂包括2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-双(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)苯酚(TINUVIN 234)、2-(5-氯(2H)-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚(TINUVIN 326)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚(TINUVIN 329)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-叔丁基-6-仲丁基苯酚(TINUVIN 350)、2,2'-亚甲基双(6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚)(TINUVIN 360),和2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-5-[(己基)氧基]-苯酚(TINUVIN 1577)、2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(TINUVIN P)、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮(CHIMASSORB 81)、1,3-双-[(2’-氰基-3’,3’-二苯基丙烯酰基)氧基]-2,2-双-{[(2’-氰基-3’,3’-二苯基丙烯酰基)氧基]甲基}-丙烷(UVINUL 3030,BASF)、-2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯(UVINUL 3035,BASF)和2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯(UVINUL 3039,BASF)。
根据又一实施方案,所述组合物包含上文所定义的额外阻燃剂及选自聚合物稳定剂和四烷基哌啶衍生物的添加剂作为任选组分。
四烷基哌啶衍生物的代表性实例选自如下组:
1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-十八烷基氨基哌啶,
癸二酸双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基-s-三嗪,
己二酸双(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪,
1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,
1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,
1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八酰基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,
癸二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
己二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
2,4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪与N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺)的反应产物,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪,
低聚化合物,其为4,4'-六亚甲基双(氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)与被2-氯-4,6-双(二丁基氨基)-s-三嗪封端的2,4-二氯-6-[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-s-三嗪的缩合产物,
下式的化合物:
和下式的化合物:
其中n为1-15。
相对于组分b)的聚合物基材的重量,上述添加剂优选以0.01-10.0%,尤其是0.05-5.0%的量包含。
上文所定义的组分在聚合物组分中的掺入通过已知方法实施,例如以粉末形式进行干混,或以溶液、分散体或悬浮液形式例如在惰性溶剂(水或油)中进行湿混合。添加剂组分可例如在模塑之前或之后掺入,或者还通过以下方式掺入:将已溶或已分散的添加剂或添加剂混合物施加至聚合物材料,随后蒸发或不蒸发溶剂或悬浮/分散剂。其可例如以干混合物或粉末形式或以溶液或分散体或悬浮液或熔体形式直接添加至加工装置(例如挤出机、密闭式混合机等)中。
可在常规混合机器中将添加剂组分添加至聚合物基材中,其中聚合物熔融并与添加剂混合。合适的机器是本领域技术人员所已知的。其主要为混合机、捏合机和挤出机。
该加工优选在挤出机中通过在加工期间引入添加剂而实施。
特别优选的加工机器为单螺杆挤出机、反向旋转和同向旋转双螺杆挤出机、行星齿轮挤出机、环形挤出机或共捏合机。可使用提供有至少一个气体去除室的加工机器,其中可向该加工机器施加真空。
合适的挤出机和捏合机例如描述于Handbuch der Kunststoffextrusion,第1卷,Grundlagen,编辑F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1989,第3-7页,ISBN:3-446-14339-4(第2卷,Extrusionsanlagen 1986,ISBN 3-446-14329-7)中。
例如,螺杆长度为螺杆直径的1-60倍,优选为螺杆直径的35-48倍。螺杆转速优选为10-600转/分钟(rpm),优选为25-300rpm。
最大通量取决于螺杆直径、转速和驱动力。本发明的方法也可以以低于最大通量的水平通过改变所提及的参数或使用可递送剂量的称重机器来实施。
如果添加多种组分,则这些可预混或单独添加。
添加剂组分和任选的其他添加剂也可以以母料(“浓缩物”)的形式添加至聚合物中,该母料包含以例如约2.0-约80.0重量%,优选约5.0-约50.0重量%的浓度掺入聚合物中的组分。聚合物并非必须具有与最终添加添加剂的聚合物相同的结构。在该操作中,聚合物可以以粉末、颗粒、溶液和悬浮液形式或以晶格形式使用。
添加剂组分、任选的其他添加剂也可以以母料(“浓缩物”)的形式添加至聚合物中,该母料包含以例如约1.0-约40.0重量%,优选2.0-约20.0重量%的浓度掺入聚合物中的组分。聚合物并非必须具有与最终添加添加剂的聚合物相同的结构。在该操作中,聚合物可以以粉末、颗粒、溶液和悬浮液形式或以晶格形式使用。
掺入可在成型操作之前或期间实施。含有本文所述的本发明添加剂的材料优选用于制备模塑制品(例如注射模塑或旋转模塑制品、注射模塑制品、型材等)和纤维、熔纺无纺布、膜或泡沫。
本发明还涉及一种七磷衍生(P7)化合物,其选自三嗪七磷化物和下式的三烷基七膦:
P7(Rx)3 (I)
其中Rx表示如下部分式的基团:
-CR1R2R3 (A)
其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH=CRaRb (B)
其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH-C(=O)-Ra (C)
其中:
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;
或其中
c)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;
R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或d)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;且
R1、R2和R3中的两个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。
三嗪七磷化物和三烷基七膦(I)可通过已知和类似的方法获得。
一种制备三嗪七磷化物的优选方法是使三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七膦如P7(TMS)3(=三-三甲基甲硅烷基七膦)与1-3当量的三嗪(例如与三聚氰胺或其衍生物,例如系列蜜勒胺、蜜白胺、氰尿酰胺的三聚氰胺缩合产物和/或三聚氰胺与磷酸的较高缩合化合物或反应产物或其混合物)进行加成反应。该方法也是发明的主题且由实施例阐释。
本发明还涉及三-三聚氰胺七磷化物及其制备。
制备三烷基七膦(I)的方法取决于烷基取代基的结构。
如果期望化合物(I),其中Rx表示如下部分式的基团:
-CR1R2R3 (A)
其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH=CRaRb (B)
其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH-C(=O)-Ra (C)
其中:
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;
使已知的起始物质三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物如P7(TMS)3(=三-三甲基甲硅烷基七磷化物))与至少3当量的以下化合物进行加成反应:
R1-C(=O)-CH=CH-R2 (II)
其中R1和R2彼此独立地表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基(方案a));
和由加成化合物移除三烷基甲硅烷基,例如三甲基甲硅烷基(方案b))。
如果使用3当量查耳酮(1,3-二苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮;R1和R2=苯基)作为起始物质(II),则获得化合物(I),其中在部分式(B)中,Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基(方案a));且Ra和Rb中的另一个表示苯基。随后移除甲硅烷基,从而得到化合物,其可定义为P7(查耳酮)3(方案b))。
该方法也是本发明的主题且由实施例阐释。
如果根据方案c),期望化合物(I),其中Rx表示如下部分式的基团:
-CR1R2R3 (A)
其中:
R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;
R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;
使已知的起始物质三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物如P7(TMS)3(=三-三甲基甲硅烷基七磷化物)与至少3当量的下述醛进行加成反应:
H-C(=O)-CR1R2R3 (III)
其中R1、R2和R3彼此独立地表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基(方案c))。
与酮的相应加成(方案d))产生加成化合物(I),其中:
d)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;且
R1、R2和R3中的两个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。通过类似方法的这些加工方法也是本发明的主题。
本发明的另一优选实施方案涉及一种七磷衍生(P7)化合物,其选自三聚氰胺七磷化物和三烷基七膦(I),其中:
Rx表示基团(A),其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(B),其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(C),其中:
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。
本发明的特别优选的实施方案为三烷基七膦化合物(I),其中:
Rx表示基团(A),其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示苯基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(B),其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示三甲基甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示苯基;或
b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示苯基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(C),其中
Ra表示苯基。
这些化合物的制备阐释在实施例中。
以下实施例阐释本发明:
实施例
缩写
sec:秒
min:分钟
h:小时
rpm:转/分钟
IEC:国际电工技术委员会
ISO:国际标准化组织
TMS:三甲基甲硅烷基
THF:四氢呋喃
P7(TMS)3:三-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-七膦
P7(TMS-查耳酮)3:三[1,3-二苯基-3-(三甲基甲硅烷基氧基)-2-丙烯基)]七膦
P7(查耳酮)3:三-1(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦
实施例1
a)由查耳酮和P
7
TMS
3
制备三(1,3-二苯基-3-三甲基甲硅烷基氧基-2-丙烯基)七膦
将0.100g(0.229mmol)P7(TMS)3(通过H.Schmidbaur,A.Bauer,An improvedpreparation of tris(trimethylsilyl)heptaphosphine,Phosphorus,Sulfur,andSilicon,1995,第102卷,第217-219页中所述的方法获得)溶解于3ml THF中并滴加0.143g(0.687mmol)1,3-二苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮([(E)-查耳酮],Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC)的THF溶液。在减压下移除THF。用己烷洗涤残余物并在减压下干燥浅黄色粉末。由标题产物(P7(TMS-查耳酮)3)的缓慢蒸发的THF溶液生成适于单晶x射线衍射的晶体。产物以超过95%飞纯度获得。
分析数据
元素分析[实验%/理论%]:C:61.52/61.20;H:6.35/5.98;P:19.88/20.43;
1H NMR(THF-d8):7.53-7.01(m,30H),5.89-5.59(m,3H),4.79-4.49(m,3H),0.10(s,27H);
31P NMR(THF-d8):122.48-100.84(m,3P),112.49-130.50(m,1P),156.12-177.15(m,3P);
拉曼[cm-1]:3057,2956,2897,1634,1596,1487,1445,1404,1342,1310,1277,1212,1186,1154,1094,1021,997,903,826,764,720,685,638,605,520,472,408,387,367,346,293,272;
TGA氮:T5%质量损失:221℃,T50%质量损失:272℃。
b)作为聚氨酯中的阻燃剂的P
7
(TMS-查耳酮)
3
的评估
通过用在80rpm和210℃的温度下操作的双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出而将加成物P7(TMS-查耳酮)3以表1中所示的量掺入热塑性聚氨酯中。产物的停留时间为3min。通过用10巴的压力注射模塑制备具有125mm×13mm×1.6mm尺寸的测试棒。根据IEC 60695-11-20在垂直火焰测试中测试样品,限制为仅使用两个测试棒来获得余焰时间。P7(TMS-查耳酮)3试样容易熄灭,如表1所示。
表1 聚氨酯配制剂和垂直火焰测试的结果
实施例2
a)通过移除P 7 (TMS-查耳酮) 3 中的甲硅烷基而制备三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙 基)七膦
在50ml Schlenk烧瓶中,将0.250g P7(TMS-查耳酮)3与0.250g NH4F(SigmaAldrich Co.LLC)合并。在惰性气体流下添加15ml乙腈并搅拌过夜。移除乙腈,并将残余物溶于THF中并过滤。在减压下移除THF并将残余物经己烷动员。过滤浅黄色粉末P7(查耳酮)3并在减压下干燥。
分析数据
元素分析[实验%/理论%]:C:63.74/63.99;H:4.89/4.65;P:25.69/25.67;
31P NMR(THF-d8):139.48-105.12(br.),100.68-60.12(br.),60.53-33.04(br.),31.05-32.66(br.);
MS(MALDI+):预测m/z=845.1135。实测m/z=845.1134;
TGA氮:T5%质量损失:204℃,T50%质量损失:308℃。
b)作为热固性环氧中的阻燃剂的三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦的评估
在室温下在50ml烧杯中以表2所示的量合并异佛尔酮二胺(3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己胺,BASF SE)、中等粘度双酚-A环氧树脂((LEUNA-HarzegmbH)A 19-03)和P7(查耳酮)3,并利用高速混合系统(Hauschild DAC 600)以2000rpm立即混合4min。在混合期间未观察到温度升高。将混合物倾入具有85mm内径的圆形铝盘中。将混合物在减压(100毫巴)下在80℃下固化2h并在125℃下固化3h。该程序得到具有85mm直径和约4mm厚度的完全固化的环氧树脂盘。
表2 环氧树脂配制剂
利用圆锥量热仪按照ISO-5660-1的程序测试表2环氧树脂配制剂的可燃性,不同之处在于使用圆形样品代替正方形样品。结果汇总在表3中,其显示环氧树脂的放热速率因P7查耳酮3而强烈降低。
表3 根据ISO 5660-1的可燃性
试样 | 1 | 2 |
峰值放热速率[kW m-2] | 1940 | 655 |
最大平均放热速率[kW m-2] | 686 | 227 |
总热释放[MJ m-2] | 106 | 79 |
残余质量[%] | 1.7 | 9.5 |
c)使用三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦制备透明环氧树脂板
给予二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC)2.3g三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦以制备该七膦化合物于DMF中的5重量%溶液。添加23.0g中等粘度双酚-A环氧树脂((LEUNA-HarzegmbH)A 19-03)并将溶液在摇床上均化1h。获得澄清溶液。通过在100℃温度下在5kPa减压下储存16h而移除DMF。在移除DMF并将溶液冷却至室温后,三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦于环氧树脂中的溶液保持完全透明。
向23.0g三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦双酚-A环氧树脂溶液中添加3.0g三亚乙基四胺(CAS编号112-24-3,Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC),并用高速混合系统(HauschildDAC 600)以2000rpm充分混合2min。将22.0g所得混合物倾入具有84mm内径的平铝盘中。将混合物在室温下在大气压下固化4h,随后在120℃的温度下在大气压下再固化2h。由此获得具有84mm直径的平盘。将试样抛光至3.1mm的厚度以从表面移除小气泡。试样的数码照片(图1)表明获得完全透明的材料。
利用圆锥量热仪按照ISO-5660-1的程序测试含有8.0重量%三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦的透明环氧树脂板的可燃性,不同之处在于使用圆形样品代替正方形样品。结果汇总在表4中,其显示环氧树脂的放热速率因三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦而强烈降低。
表4 根据ISO 5660-1的可燃性
试样 | 1 |
峰值放热速率[kW m-2] | 720 |
最大平均放热速率[kW m-2] | 388 |
总热释放[MJ m-2] | 64 |
实施例3
a)在三聚氰胺(P 7 三聚氰胺化合物)存在下制备P 7 (TMS) 3 的分解产物
通过选择起始物质P7(TMS)3和三聚氰胺的摩尔比,可获得具有不同摩尔比的三聚氰胺配位聚合物。在该实施例中,起始物质的量以使得在最终产物中获得1:1的三聚氰胺对P7比率的方式选择。通过观察拉曼光谱中的特征振动而确认P7笼在最终产物中保持完整。
搅拌0.100g(0.802mmol)三聚氰胺(Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC)于4ml甲醇(124mmol)中的浆液,并滴加溶解于3ml甲苯中的0.350g(0.802mmol)P7(TMS)3。在30min内形成黄色沉淀。将反应混合物在70℃下搅拌过夜。过滤混合物并将所得固体用2ml THF洗涤2次并在减压下于100℃下干燥1小时。
分析数据
元素分析[实验%/理论%]:C:12.5/10.4;N:23.1/24.3;P:57/62.7;其他:7.4;理论值之估计:三聚氰胺对P7之比率等于1:1。
Raman[cm-1]:2242,865,738,700,656,602,505,440,405,381,351,281;
TGA氮:T5%质量损失:232℃,T50%质量损失:417℃。
b)作为刚性聚氨酯泡沫中的阻燃剂的P 7 三聚氰胺化合物的评估
将所属P7三聚氰胺化合物添加至具有2Pa s粘度(DIN 51 550)和400mg KOH/g OH值(DIN 53 240)的聚醚多元醇中。通过用Lenart盘(Paul VollrathgmbH&Co KG)以1200rpm搅拌2min而获得该盐的分散体。在所述多元醇混合物中添加水、聚硅氧烷表面活性剂、催化剂和发泡剂并通过用Lenart盘以1200rpm进一步搅拌1min而均化。添加异氰酸酯,并将混合物立刻以1200rpm搅拌10sec。将反应混合物倾入卡纸板杯中。混合物立刻膨胀,从而形成具有多个初始倾倒高度的多孔状体。使用相同程序以获得无阻燃剂的对比实施例(对照)。表5中所示的浓度产生具有约50g l-1的低密度和主要闭孔结构的泡沫。
表5 聚氨酯刚性泡沫配制剂
在垂直火焰测试中根据保险商实验室标准94测试试样的可燃性,其中改进之处在于:泡沫为具有85mm外径和20mm厚度的圆盘。将火焰施加至样品的下边缘。测试结果报告在表6中。燃烧测试后残余试样的残余质量和物理外观也报告在表6中。添加P7三聚氰胺化合物导致火焰熄灭,且泡沫芯保持完整。
表6 刚性聚氨酯泡沫的可燃性
试样 | 1 | 2 |
阻燃剂 | 无 | P7三聚氰胺盐 |
量[g/100g多元醇] | - | 5 |
后燃时间1[sec] | ≥60 | 28 |
后燃时间2[sec] | - | 4 |
分类UL94 | 无 | V-1 |
残余质量[%] | 22 | 83 |
物理外观 | 中空壳 | 具有燃烧表面层的泡沫 |
实施例4
a)在ZnCl 2 存在下制备P 7 (TMS) 3 的分解产物
搅拌0.19g氯化锌(Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC)于THF中的溶液并滴加溶解于3ml THF中的0.2g(0.458mmol)P7(TMS)3。立刻形成黄色沉淀。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤固体,用2ml THF洗涤并在减压下干燥。
分析数据
元素分析[实验%]:P 24.6;Si:0.04;Zn:26.6;其他:48.8;
TGA氮:T5%质量损失:405℃,T50%质量损失:≥600℃。
b)在ZnCl 2 存在下作为热塑性聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)中的阻燃剂的P 7 (TMS) 3 分解产物的评估
通过用以80rpm在260℃温度下操作的双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出而将氯化锌七磷化物盐以表7所示的量掺入PBT中。产物的停留时间为3min。通过用10巴的压力注射模塑制备具有125mm×13mm×1.6mm尺寸的测试棒。根据IEC 60695-11-20在垂直火焰测试中测试样品,限制为仅使用两个测试棒以获得余焰时间。如表7所示,含有氯化锌七磷化物化合物的试样容易熄灭。
表7 氯化锌七磷化物盐的垂直火焰测试结果.
实施例5
a)由肉桂醛及P7(TMS)3制备三(1-苯基-3-三甲基硅氧基-2-丙烯基)七磷化物
将P7(TMS)3(4.00g,9.166mmol)溶解于Schlenk烧瓶中的20ml THF中并向搅拌溶液中缓慢添加肉桂醛(3.63g,27.499mmol)。溶液稍微升温。将反应混合物搅拌过夜并在减压下移除THF,从而得到三(1-苯基-3-三甲基硅氧基-2-丙烯基)七膦。以95%的纯度获得产物。
分析数据
31P NMR(THF-d8):129.97-106.51(m,3P),-99.20--130.50(m,1P),-149.28--178.25(m,3P);
元素分析[实验%/理论]:C:51.31/51.54;H:6.27/6.85;P:25.95/25.85。
b)通过由三(1-苯基-3-三甲基硅氧基-2-丙烯基)七膦移除甲硅烷基而制备三(3- 氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦
向如上文所述制备的三(1-苯基-3-三甲基硅氧基-2-丙烯基)七膦中添加20ml乙腈,之后添加3.058g(103.12mmol)NH4F(Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC)。将反应混合物搅拌过夜,随后滗析乙腈。添加40ml THF并将溶液用2×20ml脱气水洗涤以移除NH4F。在玻璃料上过滤亮黄色固体并用3×10ml THF、之后3×10ml二乙醚洗涤。在减压下过夜移除挥发物,从而得到亮黄色粉末。以约92%的纯度获得所需产物三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦。
所得化合物容易进行低聚和/或缩合反应,这使得元素分析的纯化困难。期望结构通过MALDI-MS测量确认。
分析数据
元素分析[实验%/理论]:C:49.0/52.6;H:4.9/4.4;O:8.0/7.8;P:34.0/35.2;
TGA氮:T5%质量损失:214℃,T50%质量损失:352℃;
MS(MALDI+):预测m/z=617.0196。实测m/z=617.0198。
c)作为热固性环氧树脂中的阻燃剂的三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦的评估
在室温下在50ml烧杯中以表8所示的量合并异佛尔酮二胺、中等粘度双酚A环氧树脂((LEUNA-HarzegmbH)A 19-03)和三-(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦,并用高速混合系统(Hauschild DAC 600)以2000rpm立即混合4min。在混合期间未观察到温度升高。将混合物倾入具有85mm内径的圆形铝盘中。在减压(100毫巴)下将混合物在80℃下固化2h并在125℃下固化3h。该程序得到具有85mm直径和约4mm厚度的完全固化的环氧树脂盘。
表8 环氧树脂配制剂
利用圆锥量热仪按照ISO-5660-1的程序测试表8的环氧树脂配制剂的可燃性,变化之处在于使用圆形样品代替正方形盘。结果汇总在表9中,其显示环氧树脂的放热速率因三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦而强烈降低。
表9 根据ISO 5660-1的可燃性
1 | 2 | |
峰值放热速率[kW m-2] | 1940 | 1009 |
最大平均放热速率[kW m-2] | 686 | 398 |
总热释放[MJ m-2] | 106 | 81 |
残余质量[%] | 1.7 | 8.2 |
d)制备具有三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦的透明环氧树脂板
给予二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC)2.3g三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦以制备七膦化合物于DMF中的5重量%溶液。添加23.0g中等粘度双酚-A环氧树脂((LEUNA-HarzegmbH)A 19-03),并将溶液在摇床上均化1h。获得澄清溶液。通过在100℃温度下在5kPa减压下储存16h而移除DMF。在移除DMF并将溶液冷却至室温后,三-1-(1,3-二苯基-3-氧代丙基)七膦于环氧树脂中的溶液保持完全透明。
向23.0g三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦于双酚-A环氧树脂中的溶液中添加3.0g三亚乙基四胺(CAS编号112-24-3,Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC),并用高速混合系统(HauschildDAC 600)以2000rpm充分混合2min。将22.0g所得混合物倾入具有84mm内径的平铝盘中。将混合物在室温下在大气压下固化4h且随后于120℃的温度下在大气压下再固化2h。获得具有84mm直径的平盘。将试样抛光至3.3mm的厚度以从表面移除小气泡。试样的数码照片(图2)表明获得了完全透明的材料。
利用圆锥量热仪按照ISO-5660-1的程序测试含有8.0重量%三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦的透明环氧树脂板的可燃性,不同之处在于使用圆形样品代替正方形样品。结果汇总在表10中,其显示环氧树脂的放热速率因三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦而强烈降低。
实施例5e)的对比(见下文)证实,在使用相同元素浓度的磷时,三(3-氧代-1-苯基-丙基)七膦的阻燃效果与红磷的效果相当。
表10 根据ISO 5660-1的可燃性
e)对比实施例:制备具有红磷的环氧树脂板
将1.73g具有45重量%磷元素浓度的红磷糊(ExolitRP 6520,由Clariant SE获得)与23.0g中等粘度双酚-A环氧树脂((LEUNA-HarzegmbH)A 19-03)和3.0g三亚乙基四胺(CAS编号112-24-3,Sigma Aldrich Co.LLC)合并。用高速混合系统(HauschildDAC 600)以2000rpm将混合物充分混合2min。将22.0g所得混合物倾入具有84mm内径的平铝盘中。将混合物在室温下在大气压下固化4h且随后在120℃的温度下在大气压下再固化2h。获得具有84mm直径的平盘。将试样抛光至3.4mm的厚度以从表面移除小气泡。材料具有2.8重量%的磷元素浓度,这对应于上述材料的磷元素浓度(实施例5d))。试样的数码照片示于图3中。
利用圆锥量热仪按照ISO-5660-1的程序测试含有红磷的环氧树脂板的可燃性,不同之处在于使用圆形样品代替正方形样品。结果汇总在表11中。
表11 根据ISO 5660-1的可燃性
试样 | 1 |
峰值放热速率[kW m-2] | 868 |
最大平均放热速率[kW m-2] | 353 |
总热释放[MJ m-2] | 53.4 |
Claims (18)
1.一种组合物,其包含:
a)七磷衍生(P7)化合物;和
b)聚合物基材。
2.如权利要求1的组合物,其包含a)选自如下组的七磷衍生(P7)化合物:七磷卤化锌、三嗪七磷化物、三-三烷基甲硅烷基-七磷化物和三烷基七膦。
3.如权利要求1的组合物,其包含a)选自如下组的七磷衍生(P7)化合物:七磷氯化锌、三聚氰胺七磷化物、三-三甲基甲硅烷基-七磷化物和下式的三烷基七膦:
P7(Rx)3 (I)
其中Rx表示如下部分式的基团:
-CR1R2R3 (A)
其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH=CRaRb (B)
其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或
b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH-C(=O)-Ra (C)
其中:
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;
或其中
c)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;
R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或
d)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;且
R1、R2和R3中的两个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。
4.如权利要求3的组合物,其包含a)选自如下组的七磷衍生(P)化合物:七磷氯化锌、三聚氰胺七磷化物、三-三甲基甲硅烷基-七磷化物和三烷基七膦(I),其中:
Rx表示基团(A),其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(B),其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或
b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(C),其中
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。
5.如权利要求4的组合物,其包含a)选自如下组的七磷衍生(P7)化合物:七磷氯化锌、三聚氰胺七磷化物、三-三甲基甲硅烷基-七磷化物及三烷基七膦(I),其中:
Rx表示基团(A),其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示苯基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(B),其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示三甲基甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示苯基;或
b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示苯基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(C),其中:
Ra表示苯基。
6.如权利要求1的组合物,其包含:
a)七磷衍生(P7)化合物;和
b')热塑性聚合物基材。
7.如权利要求6的组合物,其包含:
a)七磷衍生(P7)化合物;和
b”)多官能环氧化合物和任选的硬化剂化合物。
8.如权利要求1的组合物,其包含额外阻燃剂和选自如下组的添加剂作为任选的组分:四烷基哌啶添加剂、聚合物稳定剂、填料、增强剂和降低热塑性聚合物熔体流动并减少较高温度下液滴形成的所谓抗滴落剂。
9.如权利要求8的组合物,其包含至少一种选自如下组的额外阻燃剂作为任选的组分:磷阻燃剂、产氮阻燃剂、含有机卤素的阻燃剂和无机阻燃剂。
10.如权利要求9的组合物,其包含选自如下组的含氮化合物作为额外阻燃剂:氰脲酸三聚氰胺、磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺磷酸铵、三聚氰胺聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺焦磷酸铵、三聚氰胺与磷酸的缩合产物以及三聚氰胺与磷酸的其他反应产物,及其混合物。
11.如权利要求10的组合物,其包含选自如下组的含磷阻燃剂作为额外阻燃剂:四(2,6-二甲基苯基)间苯二酚二磷酸酯、二-C1-C4烷基次磷酸的盐、连二磷酸的盐和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷酰基菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)及其衍生物。
12.如权利要求8的组合物,其额外包含至少一种选自如下组的四烷基哌啶衍生物:
1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-十八烷基氨基哌啶,
癸二酸双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基-s-三嗪,
己二酸双(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪,
1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,
1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,
1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八酰基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,
癸二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
己二酸双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,
2,4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪与N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺)的反应产物,
2,4-双[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪,
低聚化合物,其为4,4'-六亚甲基双(氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)与被2-氯-4,6-双(二丁基氨基)-s-三嗪封端的2,4-二氯-6-[(1-环己基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-s-三嗪的缩合产物,
下式的化合物:
和下式的化合物:
其中n为1-15。
13.一种在聚合物中诱导阻燃性的方法,其包括向聚合物基材中添加七磷衍生(P7)化合物。
14.一种七磷衍生(P7)化合物,其选自三嗪七磷化物和下式的三烷基七膦:
P7(Rx)3 (I)
其中Rx表示如下部分式的基团:
-CR1R2R3 (A)
其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH=CRaRb (B)
其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或
b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示如下部分式的基团:
-CH-C(=O)-Ra (C)
其中:
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;
或其中
c)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;
R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或
d)R1、R2和R3之一表示羟基;且
R1、R2和R3中的两个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。
15.如权利要求14的七磷衍生(P7)化合物,其选自三聚氰胺七磷化物和三烷基七膦(I),其中:
Rx表示基团(A),其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(B),其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示(C1-C4烷基)3甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;或
b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(C),其中:
Ra表示C1-C4烷基、苯基或被苯基取代的C1-C4烷基。
16.如权利要求14的三-三聚氰胺七磷化物。
17.如权利要求14的三烷基七膦化合物(I),其中:
Rx表示基团(A),其中:
a)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示苯基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(B),其中:
Ra和Rb之一表示三甲基甲硅烷基;且
Ra和Rb中的另一个表示苯基;或
b)R1、R2和R3之一表示氢;
R1、R2和R3之一表示苯基;且
R1、R2和R3之一表示基团(C),其中
Ra表示苯基。
18.如权利要求14的七磷衍生(P7)化合物用于在聚合物中诱导阻燃性的用途。
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CN106738148A (zh) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-05-31 | 浦北县建业胶合板有限责任公司 | 一种环保抗流失木材阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
CN112280557A (zh) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-29 | 苏州星烁纳米科技有限公司 | 磷化铟纳米晶的制备方法及由其制备的磷化铟纳米晶 |
CN113912910A (zh) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-01-11 | 东莞市道尔新材料科技有限公司 | 新型pp用阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
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CN106738148A (zh) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-05-31 | 浦北县建业胶合板有限责任公司 | 一种环保抗流失木材阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
CN112280557A (zh) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-29 | 苏州星烁纳米科技有限公司 | 磷化铟纳米晶的制备方法及由其制备的磷化铟纳米晶 |
CN112280557B (zh) * | 2019-07-25 | 2023-02-28 | 苏州星烁纳米科技有限公司 | 磷化铟纳米晶的制备方法及由其制备的磷化铟纳米晶 |
CN113912910A (zh) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-01-11 | 东莞市道尔新材料科技有限公司 | 新型pp用阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
CN113912910B (zh) * | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-02 | 东莞市道尔新材料科技有限公司 | Pp用阻燃剂及其制备方法 |
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EP3122813B1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
TWI675055B (zh) | 2019-10-21 |
CN106211777B (zh) | 2019-06-18 |
JP6625600B2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 |
TR201807841T4 (tr) | 2018-06-21 |
KR102243300B1 (ko) | 2021-04-23 |
EP3122813A2 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
ES2672250T3 (es) | 2018-06-13 |
KR20160138037A (ko) | 2016-12-02 |
WO2015144667A3 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
TW201609900A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
US20180216008A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
WO2015144667A2 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
JP2017515963A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
US10414985B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
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