CN106188397A - 一种三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法;该方法包括以三嗪类除草剂或其类似物为模板分子,采用热引发本体聚合的方法,经过自组装、预聚合、聚合等过程制备得到三嗪类分子印迹聚合物,经过合成、研磨、过筛、洗脱等步骤,得到特异性吸附材料;所得分子印迹聚合物静态吸附率可达到95%以上,吸附量达4.9mg/g,而相应的非分子印迹聚合物的吸附率小于10%,吸附量低于0.51mg/g,印迹效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物合成领域,涉及一种三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的合成,所得聚合物可用于选择性地吸附莠去津、特丁津、西草净、特丁通、扑草净或西玛津中的一种或几种,并和液相色谱检测技术联用,可用于检测农作物、土壤和水体中莠去津、特丁津、西草净、特丁通、扑草净或西玛津中的一种或几种物质含量。
背景技术
三嗪类除草剂自开发以来,由于其高效性得以广泛使用。但近年来,一些研究表明三嗪类除草剂是可疑的内分泌干扰物质。由于其具有类似苯环的刚性结构,三嗪类除草剂及其衍生物可以在农作物中长期残留,对食品安全造成威胁。
分子印迹技术作为新兴的交叉学科,其作用机理类似于酶-底物的相互作用。而且相对于生物识别,分子印迹技术具有构效预定性的特点,可以人为地挑选合适的模板分子进行合成,且其耐热耐酸碱,比生物识别具有更强的适应性。现有的三嗪类分子印迹聚合物热引发本体聚合的方法制备的分子印迹聚合物吸附率普遍不高,低于30%,吸附量偏低,印迹效果不明显。
发明内容
为了解决传统本体聚合印迹效果不显著的问题,本发明提供一种三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的合成方法,用于选择性地吸附莠去津、特丁津、西草净、特丁通、扑草净或西玛津中的一种或几种。
本发明方法具体步骤如下:
(1)取一种三嗪类化合物或其结构类似物作为模板分子,溶于致孔剂中,然后加入功能单体,20℃~40℃下超声通N210min后,置于18~40℃恒温水浴中进行自组装;
(2)2~30h后加缓慢加入交联剂和引发剂的混合溶液,通N210min后置于18~40℃恒温水浴中预聚合2~30h;
(3)将恒温水浴的温度缓慢变化至聚合温度40~85℃,聚合10~24h;
(4)将所得棒状聚合物经机械研磨后过筛,将所得粉末用溶剂反复沉降数次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物。将沉淀物真空干燥至少12h,用酸化的甲醇进行索氏提取24h后,再用甲醇提取6h以上,通风橱中晾干,用溶剂反复沉降数次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物。将沉淀物真空干燥12h以上,即得到分子印迹聚合物粉末。
所述三嗪类化合物为莠去津、特丁津、西草净、特丁通、扑草净、西玛津中的一种,三嗪类除草剂结构类似物为三聚氰胺类化合物。
所述致孔剂为乙腈、甲苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷中的一种或任意比的几种。
所述功能单体为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或三氟甲基丙烯酸,模板分子与功能单体的摩尔比为1:2~1:6。
所述交联剂为乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,模板分子与交联剂的摩尔比为1:10~1:25。
所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈或偶氮二异庚腈,引发剂与交联剂的摩尔比为1:100~1:300。
所述致孔剂与交联剂的体积比为1:1~10:1。
所述用于沉降溶剂为乙腈或丙酮,沉降溶剂的用量为3~6mL/g,沉降次数为3~6次。
所述酸化的甲醇是用甲醇和乙酸按体积比6~10:1的比例混合制得。
本发明相比现有技术有以下优点:
本发明采用自组装、预聚合、聚合三个过程,与现有的本体热聚合的方法相比,本发明所制备的三嗪类分子印迹聚合物显著提高了印迹效果,所得分子印迹聚合物的吸附率达到95%以上,吸附量最高可达4.9mg/g。该制备方法流程简单,设备投入低,产品稳定,产品的吸附率高,吸附量大。
附图说明
图1是分子印迹聚合物的红外光谱分析;
图2是空白印迹聚合物的红外光谱分析;
图3是莠去津、特丁津和莠灭净的混合标准曲线的液相色谱图;
图4 是测定吸附后上清液莠去津含量的液相色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:本三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法具体内容如下:
(1)取莠去津标准品206mg作为模板分子,溶于甲苯中,然后加入甲基丙烯酸,20℃下超声通N2 10min后,置于20℃恒温水浴中进行自组装8h后,缓慢加入溶解有偶氮二异丁腈的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,通N2 10min后,将混合液置于20℃恒温水浴中预聚合3h;其中莠去津与甲基丙烯酸的摩尔比为1:2,莠去津与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:10,偶氮二异丁腈与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:100,甲苯与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的体积比为1:1;
(2)将恒温水浴的温度缓慢升至聚合温度65℃,聚合20h得棒状聚合物(MIPs);空白试验(NIPs)除不加入莠去津标准品外,其余条件与前述相同;
(3)将所得棒状聚合物于陶瓷研钵中研磨,将得到的粉末过200目筛,将所得粉末用50mL丙酮反复沉降5次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥24h后,用酸化的甲醇(甲醇和乙酸按体积比9:1的比例混合制得)进行索氏提取24h后,再用甲醇提取6h,取上清液进行紫外检测至紫外检测不到莠去津为止,通风橱中晾干,用50mL丙酮反复沉降3次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥12h,即得到得MIPs,NIPs。二者的红外光谱图分别如图1、图2所示。
将所得的MIPs,NIPs取50mg于具塞三角锥瓶中,加入2.25mL 114.03mg/L的莠去津溶液,常温下进行静态吸附试验,吸附完成后取上清液进行液相色谱检测(图3、4),得到未吸附和吸附后的数据如下:
由此计算MIPs和NIPs的吸附率:
可得,吸附率MIPs=95.9%;吸附率NIPs=10.0%。
同时,可计算得MIPs和NIPs的吸附量分别为4.9mg/g和0.51mg/g。
实施例2:本三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法具体内容如下:
(1)取特丁津标准品219.4mg作为模板分子,溶于氯仿中,然后加入甲基丙烯酸,30℃下超声通N2 10min后,置于40℃恒温水浴中进行自组装10h后,缓慢加入溶解有偶氮二异丁腈的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,通N2 10min后,将混合液置于30℃恒温水浴中预聚合5h;其中特丁津与甲基丙烯酸的摩尔比为1:4,特丁津与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:15,偶氮二异丁腈与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:200,氯仿与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的体积比为5:1;
(2)将恒温水浴的温度缓慢升至聚合温度55℃,聚合24h得棒状聚合物(MIPs);空白试验(NIPs)除不加入特丁津标准品外,其余条件与前述相同;
(3)将所得棒状聚合物于陶瓷研钵中研磨,将得到的粉末过200目筛,将所得粉末用50mL丙酮反复沉降5次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥20h后,用酸化的甲醇(甲醇和乙酸按体积比6:1的比例混合制得)进行索氏提取24h后,再用甲醇提取8h,取上清液进行紫外检测至紫外检测不到特丁津为止,通风橱中晾干,用50mL丙酮反复沉降3次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥12h,即得到得MIPs,NIPs。
将所得的MIPs,NIPs取50mg于具塞三角锥瓶中,加入2.25mL 108.75mg/L的特丁津溶液,常温下进行静态吸附试验,吸附完成后取上清液进行液相色谱检测,得到未吸附和吸附后的数据如下:
由此计算MIPs和NIPs的吸附率:
可得,吸附率MIPs=95.3%;吸附率NIPs=8.0%。
同时,可计算得MIPs和NIPs的吸附量分别为4.7mg/g和0.39mg/g。
实施例3:本三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法具体内容如下:
(1)取丁基三聚氰胺174mg作为模板分子,溶于乙腈中,然后加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯,35℃下超声通N2 10min后,置于35℃恒温水浴中进行自组装2h后,缓慢加入溶解有偶氮二异庚腈的三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,通N2 10min后,将混合液置于40℃恒温水浴中预聚合10h;其中丁基三聚氰胺与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的摩尔比为1:6,丁基三聚氰胺与三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:20,偶氮二异庚腈与三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:300,乙腈与三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯的体积比为10:1;
(2)将恒温水浴的温度缓慢升至聚合温度80℃,聚合12h得棒状聚合物(MIPs);空白试验(NIPs)除不加入丁基三聚氰胺标准品外,其余条件与前述相同;
(3)将所得棒状聚合物于陶瓷研钵中研磨,将得到的粉末过200目筛,将所得粉末用50mL乙腈反复沉降4次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥15h后,用酸化的甲醇(甲醇和乙酸按体积比8:1的比例混合制得)进行索氏提取24h后,再用甲醇提取8h,取上清液进行紫外检测至紫外检测不到丁基三聚氰胺为止,通风橱中晾干,用50mL乙腈反复沉降5次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥12h,即得到得MIPs,NIPs。
将所得的MIPs,NIPs取50mg于具塞三角锥瓶中,加入2mL 117.65mg/L的丁基三聚氰胺溶液,常温下进行静态吸附试验,吸附完成后取上清液进行液相色谱检测,得到未吸附和吸附后的数据如下:
由此计算MIPs和NIPs的吸附率:
可得,吸附率MIPs=97%;吸附率NIPs=7.9%。
同时,可计算得MIPs和NIPs的吸附量分别为4.56mg/g和0.37mg/g。
实施例4:本三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法具体内容如下:
(1)取扑草净标准品190mg作为模板分子,溶于二氯甲烷中,然后加入三氟甲基丙烯酸,20℃下超声通N2 10min后,置于20℃恒温水浴中进行自组装25h后,缓慢加入溶解有偶氮二异庚腈的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,通N2 10min后,将混合液置于40℃恒温水浴中预聚合3h;其中扑草净与三氟甲基丙烯酸的摩尔比为1:3,扑草净与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:12,偶氮二异庚腈与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:150,二氯甲烷与乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯的体积比为3:1;
(2)将恒温水浴的温度缓慢升高聚合温度45℃,聚合24h得棒状聚合物(MIPs);空白试验(NIPs)除不加入扑草净标准品外,其余条件与前述相同;
(3)将所得棒状聚合物于陶瓷研钵中研磨,将得到的粉末过200目筛,将所得粉末用50mL丙酮反复沉降5次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥24h后,用酸化的甲醇(甲醇和乙酸按体积比10:1的比例混合制得)进行索氏提取24h后,再用甲醇提取6h,取上清液进行紫外检测至紫外检测不到扑草净为止,通风橱中晾干,用50mL丙酮反复沉降3次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥12h,即得到得MIPs,NIPs。
将所得的MIPs,NIPs取50mg于具塞三角锥瓶中,加入1.5mL 150.03mg/L的扑草净溶液,常温下进行静态吸附试验,吸附完成后取上清液进行液相色谱检测,得到未吸附和吸附后的数据如下:
由此计算MIPs和NIPs的吸附率:
可得,吸附率MIPs=96.2%;吸附率NIPs=6.1%。
同时,可计算得MIPs和NIPs的吸附量分别为4.3mg/g和0.27mg/g。
实施例5:本三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法具体内容如下:
(1)取莠灭净182mg作为模板分子,溶于乙腈中,然后加入丙烯酸,35℃下超声通N2 10min后,置于40℃恒温水浴中进行自组装2h后,缓慢加入溶解有偶氮二异庚腈的三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,通N2 10min后,将混合液置于40℃恒温水浴中预聚合10h;其中莠灭净与丙烯酸的摩尔比为1:5,莠灭净与三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:15,偶氮二异庚腈与三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯的摩尔比为1:225,乙腈与三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯的体积比为6:1;
(2)将恒温水浴的温度缓慢升至聚合温度70℃,聚合16h得棒状聚合物(MIPs);空白试验(NIPs)除不加入莠灭净标准品外,其余条件与前述相同;
(3)将所得棒状聚合物于陶瓷研钵中研磨,将得到的粉末过200目筛,将所得粉末用50mL乙腈反复沉降4次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥15h后,用酸化的甲醇(甲醇和乙酸按体积比8:1的比例混合制得)进行索氏提取24h后,再用甲醇提取8h,取上清液进行紫外检测至紫外检测不到莠灭净为止,通风橱中晾干,用50mL乙腈反复沉降5次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥12h,即得到得MIPs,NIPs。
将所得的MIPs,NIPs取50mg于具塞三角锥瓶中,加入2mL 113.8mg/L的莠灭净溶液,常温下进行静态吸附试验,吸附完成后取上清液进行液相色谱检测,得到未吸附和吸附后的数据如下:
由此计算MIPs和NIPs的吸附率:
可得,吸附率MIPs=93%;吸附率NIPs=6.7%。
同时,可计算得MIPs和NIPs的吸附量分别为4.2mg/g和0.3mg/g。
Claims (9)
1.一种三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)取一种三嗪类化合物或其结构类似物作为模板分子,溶于致孔剂中,然后加入功能单体,20℃~40℃下超声通N2 10min后,置于18~40℃恒温水浴中进行自组装2~30h后,缓慢加入交联剂和引发剂的混合溶液,通N2 10min后置于18~40℃恒温水浴中预聚合2~30h;
(2)将恒温水浴的温度缓慢变化至聚合温度40~85℃,聚合10~24h;
(3)将所得棒状聚合物经机械研磨后过筛,将所得粉末用溶剂反复沉降数次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥至少12h,用酸化的甲醇进行索氏提取24h后,再用甲醇提取6h以上,通风橱中晾干,用溶剂反复沉降数次,倒掉悬浊液,收集沉淀物;将沉淀物真空干燥12h以上,即得到分子印迹聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:三嗪类化合物为莠去津、特丁津、西草净、特丁通、扑草净、西玛津中的一种,三嗪类除草剂结构类似物为三聚氰胺类化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:致孔剂为乙腈、甲苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷中的一种或任意比的几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:功能单体为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或三氟甲基丙烯酸,模板分子与功能单体的摩尔比为1:2~1:6。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:交联剂为乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯,模板分子与交联剂的摩尔比为1:10~1:25。
6.根据权利要求5所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈或偶氮二异庚腈,引发剂与交联剂的摩尔比为1:100~1:300。
7.根据权利要求5所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:致孔剂与交联剂的体积比为1:1~10:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:用于沉降溶剂为乙腈或丙酮,沉降溶剂的用量为3~6mL/g,沉降次数为3~6次。
9.根据权利要求1所述的三嗪类除草剂分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:酸化的甲醇是用甲醇和乙酸按体积比6~10:1的比例混合制得。
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