CN106178997A - 用于酸性溶剂的渗透蒸发脱水的耐酸pbi膜 - Google Patents
用于酸性溶剂的渗透蒸发脱水的耐酸pbi膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106178997A CN106178997A CN201610623848.9A CN201610623848A CN106178997A CN 106178997 A CN106178997 A CN 106178997A CN 201610623848 A CN201610623848 A CN 201610623848A CN 106178997 A CN106178997 A CN 106178997A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- film
- pbi
- acidproof
- acid
- pervaporation
- Prior art date
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- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tunicamycin Natural products CC(C)CCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C(CC(O)C2OC(C(O)C2O)N3C=CC(=O)NC3=O)OC1OC4OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C4NC(=O)C MEYZYGMYMLNUHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种渗透蒸发膜可以为耐酸聚苯并咪唑(PBI)膜。该耐酸PBI膜可以为通过选自磺化、磷酸化、交联、N‑取代和/或其组合的工艺化学改性的PBI膜。该膜可以是热稳定化的。使酸物质脱水的方法可包括以下步骤:使酸性水溶液与耐酸聚苯并咪唑的膜接触;带走富含水的渗透物流;并带走富含酸物质的浓缩物流。酸性水溶液可以是乙酸。
Description
该申请是分案申请,优先权日是2012年5月25日,原国际申请日是2013年4月24日,母案进入中国国家阶段的日期是2014年11月25日;国际申请号是PCT/US2013/037901,母案的中国国家申请号是201380027431.0;原申请的发明名称是《用于酸性溶剂的渗透蒸发脱水的耐酸PBI膜》。
发明领域
耐酸PBI膜用于经由基于膜的渗透蒸发使例如乙酸的酸性溶剂脱水。
发明背景
渗透蒸发是通过经由膜进行部分蒸发来分离液体混合物的过程。分离过程有两步:首先,混合物的一个组分经由膜进行渗透离开混合物(脱离组分被称为渗透物,且剩下的混合物被称为渗余物或浓缩物);第二步,渗透物蒸发离开膜。见Pervaporation,Wikipedia(3/10/2010)。
渗透蒸发膜的效力可通过膜的选择性(表示为分离系数)和生产能力(表示为通量)来确定。通量是指渗透物从混合物向蒸气流动或转移的速率,并且表示成在单位时间内穿过单位面积的给定表面的渗透物的量。分离系数是指膜选择性地去除一个混合物组分比去除混合物的其它组分多的能力。生产能力和选择性是膜依赖性的。见Membranetechnology,1998-2009Lenntech Water Treatment&Purification Holding B.V.,Delft,the Netherlands(www.lenntech.com)。
美国专利公告No.2011/0266222公开了使用PBI选择性渗透中空纤维通过渗透蒸发使有机液体(例如,乙二醇,EG)脱水的方法。中空纤维的PBI选择性渗透层没有经过化学改性以使其耐酸。
酸性溶剂的脱水是重要的商业化操作。基于生产量来说,乙酸是前50种化学品当中的一种酸性溶剂。目前,例如乙酸的酸性溶剂的脱水是通过二元蒸馏进行的。然而这种分离方法是困难的,因为乙酸和水具有非常接近的挥发度。如此,由于需要较多的回流和具有许多级的较大蒸馏塔,因此需要较多的能量以获得纯度高于95重量%的乙酸。鉴于蒸馏有这些缺点,研究重点已放在乙酸的渗透蒸发脱水上面。更具体来说,研究已集中在开发能得到合理的通量并具有良好分离系数的膜上面。在渗透蒸发脱水中,相当数目的渗透蒸发脱水膜是由交联的聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖和乙酸纤维素制成的。
因此,需要开发新的更好的渗透蒸发膜,特别是用于脱水及诸如乙酸的酸性溶剂脱水的渗透蒸发膜。
US2008/0308491A1公开的是用于燃料电池(fuel cell)的聚合物电极膜(PEM,polymer electrolyte membrane),虽然浸渍了氨基三甲叉膦酸(ATMP,aminotrismethylene-phosphonic acid)的PBI膜(见US2008/0308491A1的第1和第3自然段),但US2008/0308491A1并没有提及渗透蒸发或分离系数。
US2011/0266222A1公开了用于有机溶液,例如二元醇(ethylene glycol),渗透蒸发分离的PBI膜,但没有提及乙酸脱水或分离系数。US2011/0266222A1教导的是用于有机溶液(例如乙二醇)的渗透蒸发分离的PBI膜。US2011/0266222A1没有提及:1)乙酸脱水;2)分离系数。US2011/0266222A1没有提及“酸材料”或“耐酸PBI膜”。US2011/0266222A1的摘要、9-1和71段、实施例教导,“有机溶液”是乙二醇。而“乙二醇”并不是酸材料,在渗透蒸发过程中与酸材料的表现可能不同。由于“乙二醇”并不是酸材料,US2011/0266222A1不会对耐酸膜有技术启示,更不会对耐酸PBI膜有技术启示。
US4,634,530A公开了用于电渗析(electrodialysis)和电化学应用的PBI膜,但US4,634,530A也没有提及渗透蒸发或分离系数。US4,634,530A示出了用于分离工艺的磺化PBI膜。但US4,634,530A没有提及“耐酸”,因此,不能得出磺化PBI膜“耐酸”的结论。US4,634,530A第1栏第13-21行公开了用于制备可便携水的膜。US4,634,530A的分离工艺是过滤工艺,即膜阻止杂质的通过。US4,634,530A根本没有公开在渗透蒸发工艺中采用耐酸PBI膜去除酸材料中的水分。
发明内容
渗透蒸发膜可以是耐酸的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)膜。耐酸PBI膜可以是通过选自磺化、磷酸化、交联、N-取代和/或其组合的方法化学改性的PBI膜。膜可以是热稳定化的。酸物质脱水的方法可包括以下步骤:使酸性水溶液与耐酸聚苯并咪唑的膜接触;带走富含水的渗透物流;并带走富含酸的浓缩物流。酸性水溶液可以是乙酸。
本发明涉及渗透蒸发工艺,即基于大量转移原理。
附图说明
为例示本发明的目的,附图中显示了本发明优选的形式;然而要理解的是,本发明不限于所示的精确布置和机构。
图1是代表性聚苯并咪唑(PBI)分子的示意图。
图2是将本发明已知的用于使乙酸脱水的渗透蒸发膜在各种温度下的分离系数和通量进行比较的图表。
对本发明的说明
在膜分离过程中,注入流被分离成被称为渗透物和浓缩物(或渗余物)的两个流出流。渗透物是注入流穿过半渗透膜的部分,而浓缩物流含有已经被膜排斥的成分。这种分离可以在膜接触器中进行,其中使注入流与膜接触,渗透物和浓缩物被带离接触器。膜可以是平膜、多层平膜(例如,双层膜)、中空纤维膜、多层中空纤维膜(例如,双层膜)或管式的。在多层中空纤维及管式膜中,一层是在分离中使用的膜,另一层膜可以是支撑膜。
在本发明的膜分离过程中,耐酸聚苯并咪唑(PBI)膜可用于使酸性溶剂脱水。酸性溶剂(或极性质子溶剂)可包括但不限于甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、乙酸、甲酸、氢氟酸和氨。在一个实施方案中,酸性溶剂可以是乙酸。
聚苯并咪唑(PBI)可以是任何的PBI。PBI也指PBI与其它聚合物的共混物、PBI的共聚物以及它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,PBI组分是主要(即,至少50重量%)组分。PBI分子的代表性(非限制性)图示在图1中给出。PBI还指例如四胺(芳族和杂芳族四氨基化合物)和选自以下的第二单体的熔融聚合的产物:游离二羧酸、二羧酸的烷基和/或芳族酯、芳族或杂环二羧酸的烷基和/或芳族酯,和/或芳族或杂环二羧酸的烷基和/或芳族酸酐。进一步的细节可获自第Re 26065;4506068;4814530号美国专利;和第2007/0151926号美国专利公告,上述各文献以引用的方式并入本文。PBI可商购自北卡罗来纳州夏洛特的PBIPerformance Products,Inc。
根据本发明使用的芳族和杂芳族四氨基化合物优选为3,3',4,4'-四氨基联苯、2,3,5,6-四氨基吡啶、1,2,4,5-四氨基苯、3,3',4,4'-四氨基二苯基砜、3,3',4,4'-四氨基二苯基醚、3,3',4,4'-四氨基二苯甲酮、3,3',4,4'-四氨基二苯基甲烷和3,3',4,4'-四氨基二苯基二甲基甲烷及它们的盐,特别是它们的单、二、三和四盐酸盐衍生物。
根据本发明使用的芳族羧酸为二羧酸或其酯或其酸酐或其酰氯。术语“芳族羧酸”也同样包括杂芳族羧酸。优选地,芳族二羧酸为间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、5-羟基间苯二甲酸、4-羟基间苯二甲酸、2-羟基对苯二甲酸、5-氨基间苯二甲酸、5-N,N-二甲基氨基间苯二甲酸、5-N,N-二乙基氨基间苯二甲酸、2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、2,6-二羟基间苯二甲酸、4,6-二羟基间苯二甲酸、2,3-二羟基邻苯二甲酸、2,4-二羟基邻苯二甲酸、3,4-二羟基邻苯二甲酸、3-氟邻苯二甲酸、5-氟间苯二甲酸、2-氟对苯二甲酸、四氟邻苯二甲酸、四氟间苯二甲酸、四氟对苯二甲酸、1,4-萘二羧酸、1,5-萘二羧酸、2,6-萘二羧酸、2,7-萘二羧酸、联苯甲酸、1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二羧酸、二苯基醚-4,4'-二羧酸、二苯甲酮-4,4'-二羧酸、二苯基砜-4,4'-二羧酸、联苯基-4,4'-二羧酸、4-三氟甲基邻苯二甲酸、2,2-双(4-羧基苯基)六氟丙烷、4,4'-二苯乙烯二羧酸、4-羧基肉桂酸或它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
根据本发明使用的杂芳族羧酸为杂芳族二羧酸或它们的酯或它们的酸酐。“杂芳族二羧酸”包括在环中含有至少一个氮、氧、硫或磷原子的芳族体系。优选地,其为吡啶-2,5-二羧酸、吡啶-3,5-二羧酸、吡啶-2,6-二羧酸、吡啶-2,4-二羧酸、4-苯基-2,5-吡啶二羧酸、3,5-吡唑二羧酸、2,6-嘧啶二羧酸、2,5-吡嗪二羧酸、2,4,6-吡啶三羧酸和苯并咪唑-5,6-二羧酸以及它们的C1-C20烷基酯或C5-C12芳基酯或它们的酸酐或它们的酰氯。
根据本发明使用的芳族和杂芳族二氨基羧酸优选为二氨基苯甲酸及其单和二盐酸盐衍生物。
优选地,使用至少2种不同的芳族羧酸的混合物。这些混合物特别地为N-杂芳族二羧酸和芳族二羧酸或它们的酯的混合物。非限制性例子有间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、2,6-二羟基间苯二甲酸、4,6-二羟基间苯二甲酸、2,3-二羟基邻苯二甲酸、2,4-二羟基邻苯二甲酸、3,4-二羟基邻苯二甲酸、1,4-萘二羧酸、1,5-萘二羧酸、2,6-萘二羧酸、2,7-萘二羧酸、联苯甲酸、1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二羧酸、二苯基醚-4,4'-二羧酸、二苯甲酮-4,4'-二羧酸、二苯基砜-4,4'-二羧酸、联苯-4,4'-二羧酸、4-三氟甲基邻苯二甲酸、吡啶-2,5-二羧酸、吡啶-3,5-二羧酸、吡啶-2,6-二羧酸、吡啶-2,4-二羧酸、4-苯基-2,5-吡啶二羧酸、3,5-吡唑二羧酸、2,6-嘧啶二羧酸和2,5-吡嗪二羧酸。优选地,其为间苯二甲酸二苯酯(DPIP)及其酯。
可根据如上所述的方法制备的聚苯并咪唑的例子包括:
聚-2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-(亚联苯基-2"2'")-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-(亚联苯基-4"4"')-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-(1",1",3"三甲基亚茚满基)-3"5"-对亚苯基-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5'-双苯并咪唑/2,2-(1",1",3"-三甲基亚茚满基)-5",3"-(对亚苯基)-5,5'-双苯并咪唑共聚物;
2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5-双苯并咪唑-2,2'-亚联苯基-2",2"'-5,5'-双苯并咪唑共聚物;
聚-2,2'-(亚呋喃基-2",5")-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-(萘-1",6")-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-(萘-2",6")-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-亚戊基-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-八亚甲基-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-(间亚苯基)-二咪唑并苯;
聚-2,2'-环己烯基-5,5'-双苯并咪唑;
聚-2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5'-二(苯并咪唑)醚;
聚-2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5'-二(苯并咪唑)硫醚;
聚-2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5'-二(苯并咪唑)砜;
聚-2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5'-二(苯并咪唑)甲烷;
聚-2,2"-(间亚苯基)-5,5"-二(苯并咪唑)丙烷-2,2;和
聚-亚乙基-1,2-2,2"-(间亚苯基)-5,5"-二苯并咪唑)亚乙基-1,2,
其中,亚乙基基团的双键在最终聚合物中是完整的。优选的聚合物聚-2,2'-(间亚苯基)-5,5'-双苯并咪唑可通过使3,3',4,4'-四氨基联苯与如下物质反应来制备:间苯二甲酸与间苯二甲酸二苯酯或与间苯二甲酸二烷基酯(如间苯二甲酸二甲酯)的组合;间苯二甲酸二苯酯和间苯二甲酸二烷基酯(如间苯二甲酸二甲酯)的组合;或至少一种间苯二甲酸二烷基酯(如间苯二甲酸二甲酯),作为唯一的二羧酸组分。
耐酸PBI是指对酸有抵抗力的化学改性PBI。耐酸PBI比同样的非耐酸PBI更能抵抗对要脱水的酸性溶剂的吸附(或吸收)。换句话说,PBI对酸的固有亲和力减小,使得其分离效率得以提高。可通过任何改性方法得到耐酸PBI。此类改性方法可包括而不限于交联、N-取代、磺化、磷酸化以及它们的组合。这种改性可以是在表面处(如果例如PBI的形式为片、纤维、中空纤维或管)或者可遍及成形的PBI(如果例如在将PBI成形之前使其耐酸)。前述改性分别可有若干途径。例如,至少有三种方式来进行磺化(即,给PBI聚合物主链增加硫酸根基团)。它们包括而不限于,i)PBI结构的直接磺化,ii)单体用硫酸根基团化学接枝,和iii)单体基团的辐射接枝之后进行磺化。在下文中将就其中薄膜表面被直接磺化的PBI薄膜来描述本发明,要理解本发明并不局限于此。
一般来说,可以按任何方式制成PBI薄膜。在一个实施方案中,PBI薄膜为没有孔或微孔的固体薄膜。例如,可由PBI溶液流延薄膜。用于PBI聚合物的溶剂可包括而不限于DMAc、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)以及它们的组合。PBI溶液在一个实施方案中可含有10-45重量%的PBI,并且在其它实施方案中可含有12-30重量%的PBI和14-28重量%的PBI。在一个实施方案中,使流延溶液脱气,流延到基材上面,然后将溶剂赶出流延薄膜,并且将无溶剂的流延薄膜真空干燥并冷却。
然后,可以对流延PBI薄膜进行化学改性以使其耐酸。在一个实施方案中,可以使薄膜磺化。可以在给定温度(例如,30-80℃,或40-70℃,或45-55℃)下将薄膜在硫酸(例如,浓度最高20重量%或1-20重量%,或2-15重量%,或2-10重量%或2-6重量%)中浸泡给定的时间(例如,1-4小时,或1.5-3.5小时或1.75-2.5小时)。此后可以自薄膜的表面除去过量的酸。
任选地,可以使磺化薄膜热稳定化。在此热稳定化期间,将磺化薄膜加热到给定温度(例如,300-500℃,或350-450℃,或400-450℃)达给定的时间(例如,最多5分钟,或0.3-4.5分钟,或0.5-1.5分钟)。
此后,可以使磺化薄膜释出微量的磺酸根基团。这可以通过将磺化薄膜在沸水中浸泡给定的时间(例如,1-5小时,或2-4小时,或2.5-3.5小时)来完成。然后,可通过将薄膜放置在真空烘箱中来干燥此薄膜以除去任何吸附的水分子。
可使用接触器来安放前述膜。接触器是已知的,并且可包括:板加框模块、管式模块、中空纤维模块和螺旋缠绕式模块。参见例如:“Membrane technology,”Wikipedia,TheFree Encyclopedia(2012);Kesting,R.E.,Synthetic Polymeric Membranes,第2版,JohnWiley&Sons,NYC,NY(1985),第10-14页;Cheryan,M.,Ultrafiltration Handbook,Technomic Publishing Co.,Lancaster PA(1986),第127-168页;和ChemicalEngineering Handbook,第5版,McGraw-Hill Book Company,NYC,NY(1973),图17-38,第5264171和5352361号美国专利,上述各文献以引用的方式并入本文。
脱水系统可包括一个或多个前述接触器或容纳用于使含水酸性溶剂脱水的前述膜的其它设备。例如,将以串联或并联方式或这两者组合的方式布置的多个接触器及相关设备(例如,泵、控制/监视设备和真空泵)组装起来以达到使含水酸性溶剂脱水的目的。
可通过如下方式使含水酸性溶剂脱水:使酸性水溶液与包含耐酸聚苯并咪唑的膜接触;带走富含水的渗透物流;并带走富含酸的浓缩物流。在一个实施方案中,将渗透物流连接于真空。在一个实施方案中,酸性水溶液的进料浓度可以为任何浓度。在其它实施方案中,进料浓度范围可以是50-95重量%,或75-95重量%,或78-92重量%。脱水期间的操作温度在一个实施方案中可以为任何温度。在其它实施方案中,温度范围可以是20-85℃,或25-75℃。
在图2中,对本文公开的耐酸PBI膜与用于酸性溶剂(例如,乙酸)的其它已知膜在各种温度下的分离系数和通量进行了比较。
虽然下面的实施例针对的是酸性溶剂乙酸的渗透蒸发脱水,但本发明并不局限于此。所述耐酸膜可用在其它渗透蒸发过程或脱水过程中。
将在以下非限制性实施例中对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例
材料
在制膜中使用聚苯并咪唑(PBI)。PBI聚合物溶液由PBI Performance Products,Inc提供,组成为PBI 26.2重量%、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)72.3重量%和氯化锂(LiCl)1.5重量%。使用得自Merck的分析纯的浓硫酸(H2SO4)与去离子水混合以制备不同浓度的磺化溶液。
膜制备程序
制备在膜表面上具有磺化改性的致密平片PBI膜。由在DMAc中的15重量%PBI聚合物溶液流延平片PBI致密膜。通过稀释所提供的PBI溶液来制备聚合物涂料溶液PBI/DMAc/LiCl(15/84.1/0.9重量%)。使稀释的溶液脱气过夜,之后才用流延刀流延到玻璃板上面达约70-100μm的厚度。然后,将流延膜在预设于75℃的热板上原样放置15小时,以使溶剂缓慢蒸发。将所得到的薄膜小心地剥离玻璃板,然后在两个丝网之间的真空烘箱中进行干燥,使温度以0.6℃/分钟的速率逐渐升高到250℃并在此温度下保持24小时以除去残留的溶剂,过后进行自然冷却。丝网不仅防止膜粘到玻璃板上,而且还有助于从两个表面上均匀地干燥膜。采用此干燥方案,LiCl留在原样制成的PBI膜中。
PBI膜的改性是磺化和热处理的组合。在50℃下将PBI膜在固定浓度的硫酸水溶液中浸泡2小时。随后使用滤纸将它们干燥以除去其表面上的过量硫酸。然后通过在空气中将PBI膜在预设于450℃的炉中放置固定的时间来对它们进行热处理(没有真空)。此后,将样品在沸水中浸泡3小时以除去微量的硫酸根基团,并在两个丝网之间的100℃的Binder可程序化真空烘箱中进行干燥以除去吸附的水分子。然后,使用Mitutoyo千分尺测量最终膜厚度,其为约15-20μm。
渗透蒸发实验
使用静态渗透蒸发槽来测试室温下的平片致密膜性能。另请参阅:Y.Wang,M.Gruender,T.S.Chung,Pervaporation dehydration of ethylene glycol throughpolybenzimidazole(PBI)-based membranes.1.Membrane fabrication,J.Membr.Sci.363(2010)149-159,其以引用的方式并入本文。将测试膜放置在有效表面积为15.2cm2的不锈钢渗透槽中。在收集样品之前将系统稳定化2小时。此后,通过浸在液氮中的冷阱收集渗透物样品。将样品称重。通过具有HP-INNOWAX柱(填充有交联的聚乙二醇)和TCD检测器的Hewlett-Packard GC 7890A,用三次平行的注射分析样品组成。最后,对通量和组成的数据进行平均。在整个实验期间进料含量变化小于0.5重量%,并且因此可认为在实验期间是不变的,因为进料溶液与渗透物样品相比量很大。将进料流速保持在1.38升/分钟。除另有规定外,操作温度为室温(22±2℃)。除有规定外,通过真空泵保持渗透物压力低于3毫巴。通过以下等式计算通量和分离系数:
其中,J是通量,Q是经时间t(小时)转移的总质量,A为膜面积(m2),下标1和2分别指乙酸和水;yw和xw分别为组分在渗透物和进料中的重量分数,并且是通过具有HP-INNOWAX柱(填充有交联的聚乙二醇)和TCD检测器的Hewlett-Packard GC 7890A进行分析的。
渗透蒸发实施例
渗透蒸发应用中的本发明实施例旨在帮助说明本发明的方法。所有实施例中对于通过平片致密膜进行乙酸(AA)脱水的渗透物通量以单位g·μm/m2·hr给出,其通过膜厚度进行标准化。
实施例1-4用对于进料组成AA/H2O(50/50重量%)改变硫酸浓度的影响来显示磺化PBI致密膜的渗透蒸发性能。后热处理在450℃下进行30秒。
实施例1-4
结果表明,纯净形式下的致密PBI膜的渗透蒸发性能相当差。分离系数小于10,且总通量为约100g/m2hr。经PBI膜的磺化,通量和分离系数均显著提高。
实施例5-10用对于乙酸的渗透蒸发脱水改变磺化后的后热处理持续时间的影响来显示渗透蒸发性能,进料组成为AA/H2O(50/50重量%)。在热处理之前,所有PBI膜均在2.5重量%硫酸溶液中磺化2小时。磺化之后的热处理使磺化结构稳定化。
实施例5-10
在实施例11-16中显示进料组成对磺化PBI膜的标准化总通量和分离系数的影响,渗透蒸发操作在室温下进行。所有PBI膜均用2.5重量%硫酸溶液磺化2小时,并在450℃下热处理30秒。
实施例11-16
将具有80重量%和90重量%乙酸的进料的分离系数指定为大于10,000的任意值,因为渗透物含有不到0.05重量%的乙酸。从结果来看,分离系数通常随着进料中乙酸浓度一直增加到90重量%乙酸而增大,然后略有减小。另一方面,对于含有介于50重量%与95重量%之间的乙酸的进料,通量通常是减少的。
在实施例17-20中显示了操作温度对磺化PBI膜的标准化总通量和分离系数的影响,进料组成为AA/水(50/50重量%)。所有PBI膜均用2.5重量%硫酸溶液磺化2小时并在450℃下热处理30秒。总通量随操作温度而增加,而分离系数则随之减小。
实施例17-20
本发明可以在不偏离其本质和基本属性的情况下以其它形式来具体实施,因此,应参考所附的权利要求书而不是前述说明书来指示本发明的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种渗透蒸发膜,包括:
耐酸聚苯并咪唑(PBI)膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的渗透蒸发膜,其中,所述耐酸PBI膜为通过选自磺化、磷酸化、交联、N-取代和/或其组合的工艺而化学改性的PBI膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的渗透蒸发膜,其中,所述膜为:平膜、多层平膜、中空纤维膜或多层中空纤维膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的渗透蒸发膜,其中,所述多层平膜具有的一个层为耐酸PBI膜,且另一层为微孔支撑层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的渗透蒸发膜,其中,所述多层中空纤维膜具有的一个层为耐酸PBI膜,且另一层为微孔支撑层,所述PBI层为内层或外层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的渗透蒸发膜,其中,所述膜是热稳定化的。
7.一种膜接触器,包括根据权利要求1所述的膜。
8.一种脱水系统,包括根据权利要求1所述的膜。
9.一种耐酸聚苯并咪唑(PBI)膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
由PBI聚合物的溶液形成PBI薄膜;以及
通过选自磺化、磷酸化、交联、N-取代和/或其组合的工艺对所述PBI薄膜进行化学改性。
10.根据权利要求9所述的耐酸聚苯并咪唑(PBI)膜的制备方法,进一步包括如下步骤:
使所述改性的PBI薄膜热稳定化。
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- 2013-04-24 JP JP2015514025A patent/JP2015518781A/ja active Pending
- 2013-04-24 KR KR1020177023199A patent/KR101918029B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-04-24 EP EP13794187.8A patent/EP2855000B1/en active Active
- 2013-04-24 CN CN201610623848.9A patent/CN106178997A/zh active Pending
- 2013-04-24 EP EP19209906.7A patent/EP3653286A1/en active Pending
- 2013-04-24 KR KR20147036055A patent/KR20150020594A/ko active Application Filing
- 2013-04-24 WO PCT/US2013/037901 patent/WO2013176818A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-04-24 CN CN201380027431.0A patent/CN104349834B/zh active Active
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2016
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EP2855000A4 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
KR101918029B1 (ko) | 2018-11-13 |
JP6240286B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
KR20170098982A (ko) | 2017-08-30 |
US9283523B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
USRE46720E1 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
JP2015518781A (ja) | 2015-07-06 |
IN2014DN09968A (zh) | 2015-08-14 |
WO2013176818A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
US20130313192A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
EP2855000A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
US9827532B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
KR20150020594A (ko) | 2015-02-26 |
CN104349834B (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
EP3653286A1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
EP2855000B1 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
CN104349834A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
US20160114291A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
JP2017039129A (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
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