CN106171506B - Life-prolonging and yield-stabilizing method for perennial asparagus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for prolonging life and stabilizing yield of perennial asparagus, which comprises the processes of seed soaking, sowing, seedling management, field treatment before field planting, field management and harvesting; seed soaking: placing the asparagus seeds in clear water at normal temperature, and soaking for 2-3 days and nights; sowing: single-grain dibbling; seedling management: keeping the seedbed wet before seedling emergence, and applying compound fertilizer every 15 times at the later growth stage of seedling; in the field before planting: applying 50kg of lime nitrogen to each mu of field 30 days before field planting, deeply turning the applied lime nitrogen together with field weeds and stubble residues into soil and watering, covering with a mulching film, and after 30 days, lifting the mulching film for loosening the soil; planting: planting seedlings in the planting furrows; field management: water management, fertilizer management, ridging, parent stem maintenance and pruning and building; harvesting: the diameter of the base part is more than 1cm, the stem length is more than 30cm, and the tip head is tight. The method can prolong the productive time of the asparagus and improve the total yield in the life cycle of planting the asparagus.

Description

Life-prolonging and yield-stabilizing method for perennial asparagus

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural plant cultivation, in particular to a life-prolonging yield-stabilizing method for asparagus.

Background

Asparagus belongs to perennial herbaceous plants, the origin is east coast of the Mediterranean sea and the region of Xiao Xian ya, the cultivation history has been over 2000 years, the tender stem of asparagus is edible, the tender stem contains abundant protein, vitamin, mineral substance and microelements required by human body, the asparagus also contains asparagine, has certain curative effect on hypertension, heart disease, angiosclerosis, cerebral hemorrhage, kidney stone and the like, is a high-grade and valuable vegetable, and is known as one of ten famous vegetables in the world.

The asparagus is withered and dead in the overground part in winter in temperate and cold regions, the underground part is dormant and overwintering, the annual cycle can be divided into a seedling stage and a dormant stage, the life cycle can be divided into a seedling stage, a strong year stage, a mature year stage and an aging stage, the life cycle is as long as 15-20 years, the full-production stage generally begins from the 4 th or 5 th year after field planting, and the full-production stage is 5-6 years; in order to maximize the improvement of the yield, researchers have involved various aspects, such as the octopus high-yield technology which takes the soil calcium cyanamide disinfection as the technical core (Chinese vegetables 2014 (12): 90-92) is proposed by the octopus, the efficiency is obviously improved in the aspect of improving the yield per mu, but the year of the productive period of the asparagus is not changed, namely the technical breakthrough on the yield increase of the asparagus cannot be fundamentally made.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for prolonging the life and stabilizing the yield of perennial asparagus, which can prolong the productive time of the asparagus and improve the total yield of the asparagus in the life cycle of planting.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a method for prolonging life and stabilizing yield of perennial asparagus, which is characterized by comprising the processes of seed soaking, sowing, seedling management, field treatment before field planting, field management and harvesting; the field management comprises a content of prolonging the life of the female stems, and the prolonging the life of the female stems is the key for realizing the yield increase of the asparagus;

the seed soaking process comprises the following steps: at normal temperature, placing asparagus seeds in clear water, and soaking for 2-3 days and nights;

the sowing is single-seed dibbling, the row-to-plant distance of the seeds is 20cm × 10cm, the distance between the seeds and the ground is not more than 1cm, the seeds are placed underground and watered thoroughly for one time, and the sowing time is 3-5 months in spring and 8-9 months in autumn;

the seedling management comprises the following specific contents: 1) keeping the seedbed wet before emergence; 2) watering the seedlings once within 9-11 days after seedling emergence, and removing weeds around the seedlings; 3) in the later growth period of the seedlings, compound fertilizer is applied every 15 days, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer is applied for 2 times;

the field treatment steps before planting are as follows: 1) applying 50kg of lime nitrogen to each mu of field for 30 days before field planting; 2) deeply digging the applied lime nitrogen, the field weeds and the stubble residues into the soil; 3) thoroughly watering the deeply ploughed soil, and covering a mulching film; 4) covering the mulching film for 30 days, and then opening the mulching film to loosen the soil;

the specific contents of the planting process are as follows: forming planting furrows with a row spacing of 1.5m, wherein the depth of each planting furrow is 2cm higher than a seedling root disc, and planting seedlings in the planting furrows, wherein the interval between adjacent seedlings in the same planting furrow is 40 cm;

the field management comprises water management, fertilizer management, ridging, parent stem maintenance and pruning building;

the harvesting time is from the second year after planting, the specific harvesting time is 2-3 months, 5-7 months and 9-12 months, and the harvesting standard is as follows: the diameter of the base part is more than 1cm, the stem length is more than 30cm, and the tip head is tight.

Preferably, the compound fertilizer application method in the seedling management comprises the following steps: alternately forming shallow trenches on one side of the plant, and applying the compound fertilizer into the shallow trenches.

Preferably, the time of planting is related to the sowing season: the planting time of spring sowing is 5-6 months, and the planting time of autumn sowing is 10 months in the current year or 3-4 months in the next year.

Preferably, the specific content of the field management is as follows:

water content management: watering thoroughly after planting, watering 1 time every 19-21 days, and timely cleaning ditches and draining water to avoid field water accumulation; controlling watering after the second year, and keeping the surface of the ridge properly dry;

② fertilizer management, namely applying compound fertilizer for 1 time every 1 month after planting for 40 days, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer is applied by alternately forming shallow trenches at the positions of the single side of the ridge and 30cm away from the plants;

③, ridging, namely, after planting for 1 month, ridging for 3cm by combining intertillage weeding, and then ridging for 1 time in the later period of the mother stem maintenance every year, wherein the thickness of the ridging for each time is 3cm, and the ridging is performed for 5-6 times until the surface of the ridge is 25-30 cm higher than the bottom of the ditch;

④ mother stems are kept for long life, namely spring and autumn mother stems are kept for rest year, the rest time is from 3 late 3 to 4 early 3 months in spring, from 7 late 7 to 8 early 8 months in autumn, the spring mother stems are kept for about 5, and the autumn mother stems are kept for about 10;

⑤ pruning and building frame, cutting dense branches and leaves during the period of mother stem maintenance, and drawing transverse lines at the positions 80cm away from the ridge surface on both sides of the plant.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides high-quality environmental conditions for the growth of the asparagus by strictly controlling time nodes in each link from seed soaking to harvesting and by controlling seeding distance and depth, fertilizing depth and frequency and careful management of a field, and simultaneously, the yield of the asparagus is improved and the productive time of the asparagus is prolonged by strictly prolonging the maintenance measures of the mother stems.

The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a flow system structure diagram of the method for prolonging life and stabilizing yield of perennial asparagus of the invention.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

In the first embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for prolonging life and stabilizing yield of perennial asparagus, and fig. 1 shows that the method comprises the following components of seed soaking, sowing, seedling management, field treatment before field planting, field management and harvesting; the field management comprises a content of prolonging the life of the female stems, and the prolonging the life of the female stems is the key for realizing the yield increase of the asparagus;

the seed soaking process comprises the following steps: at normal temperature, placing asparagus seeds in clear water, and soaking for 2-3 days and nights;

the sowing is single-seed dibbling, the row-to-plant distance of the seeds is 20cm × 10cm, the distance between the seeds and the ground is not more than 1cm, the seeds are placed underground and watered thoroughly for one time, and the sowing time is 3-5 months in spring and 8-9 months in autumn;

the seedling management comprises the following specific contents: 1) keeping the seedbed wet before emergence; 2) watering the seedlings once within 9-11 days after seedling emergence, and removing weeds around the seedlings; 3) in the later growth period of seedling culture, compound fertilizer is applied every 15 times, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg per mu, and the application is performed for 2 times;

the field treatment steps before planting are as follows: 1) applying 50kg of lime nitrogen to each mu of field for 30 days before field planting; 2) deeply digging the applied lime nitrogen, the field weeds and the stubble residues into the soil; 3) watering deeply ploughed soil thoroughly, and covering with a mulching film to make the lime nitrogen slowly form a nitrogen fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment; 4) covering the mulching film for 30 days, and then opening the mulching film to loosen the soil;

the specific contents of the planting process are as follows: planting furrows are arranged at a row spacing of 1.5m, the depth of each planting furrow is 2cm higher than a root disc of each seedling, the seedlings are planted in the furrows, and the interval between every two adjacent seedlings in the same planting furrow is 40 cm;

the field management comprises water management, fertilizer management, ridging, parent stem maintenance and pruning building;

the harvesting time is from the second year after planting, the specific harvesting time is 2-3 months, 5-7 months and 9-12 months, and the harvesting standard is as follows: the diameter of the base part is more than 1cm, the stem length is more than 30cm, and the tip head is tight.

Preferably, the compound fertilizer application method in the seedling management comprises the following steps: alternately forming shallow trenches on one side of the plant, and applying the compound fertilizer into the shallow trenches.

Preferably, the time of planting is related to the sowing season: the planting time of spring sowing is 5-6 months, and the planting time of autumn sowing is 10 months in the current year or 3-4 months in the next year.

Preferably, the specific content of the field management is as follows:

water content management: watering thoroughly after planting, watering 1 time every 19-21 days, and timely cleaning ditches and draining water to avoid field water accumulation; controlling watering after the second year, and keeping the surface of the ridge properly dry;

② fertilizer management, namely applying compound fertilizer for 1 time every 1 month after planting for 40 days, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer is applied by alternately forming shallow trenches at the positions of the single side of the ridge and 30cm away from the plants;

③, ridging, namely, after planting for 1 month, ridging for 3cm by combining intertillage weeding, and then ridging for 1 time in the later period of the mother stem maintenance every year, wherein the thickness of the ridging for each time is 3cm, and the ridging is performed for 5-6 times until the surface of the ridge is 25-30 cm higher than the bottom of the ditch;

④ mother stems are kept for long-life, namely spring and autumn mother stems are kept for a year, the keeping time is from 3 late spring to 4 early spring, and from 7 late autumn to 8 early autumn, when the number of the unearthed tender stems is reduced and the stem of the bamboo shoot becomes thin, strong seedlings are selected for keeping for the life, the mother stems in spring are kept for about 5 roots, and the mother stems in autumn are kept for about 10 roots, shallow ditches are opened at positions 35cm away from the plant at one side of the furrow in the initial period of keeping for 5cm, lime nitrogen is applied for 30kg, sufficient nutrition is provided for the mother stems, a safe environment is provided for later growth, the top is opened when the left mother stems are 1.3m high, the top growth is inhibited, the branching and leaf releasing are promoted, the spring mother stems are removed before the keeping of the autumn stems, and the autumn stems are removed after the autumn withers;

⑤ pruning and building frame, cutting dense branches and leaves during the period of mother stem maintenance, and drawing transverse lines at the positions 80cm away from the ridge surface on both sides of the plant.

The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for prolonging the life and stabilizing the yield of perennial asparagus is characterized in that: comprises the processes of seed soaking, seeding, seedling management, field treatment before field planting, field management and harvesting which are sequentially carried out;

the seed soaking process comprises the following steps: at normal temperature, placing asparagus seeds in clear water, and soaking for 2-3 days and nights;

the sowing is single-seed dibbling, the row-to-plant distance of the seeds is 20cm × 10cm, the distance between the seeds and the ground is not more than 1cm, the seeds are placed underground and watered thoroughly for one time, and the sowing time is 3-5 months in spring and 8-9 months in autumn;

the seedling management comprises the following specific contents: 1) keeping the seedbed wet before emergence; 2) watering the seedlings once within 9-11 days after seedling emergence, and removing weeds around the seedlings; 3) in the later growth period of the seedlings, compound fertilizer is applied every 15 days, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 50kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer is applied for 2 times;

the field treatment steps before planting are as follows: 1) applying 50kg of lime nitrogen to each mu of field for 30 days before field planting; 2) deeply digging the applied lime nitrogen, the field weeds and the stubble residues into the soil; 3) thoroughly watering the deeply ploughed soil, and covering a mulching film; 4) covering the mulching film for 30 days, and then opening the mulching film to loosen the soil;

the specific contents of the planting process are as follows: forming planting furrows with a row spacing of 1.5m, wherein the depth of each planting furrow is 2cm higher than a seedling root disc, and planting seedlings in the planting furrows, wherein the interval between adjacent seedlings in the same planting furrow is 40 cm;

the field management comprises water management, fertilizer management, ridging, parent stem maintenance and pruning building;

the harvesting time is from the second year after planting, the specific harvesting time is 2-3 months, 5-7 months and 9-12 months, and the harvesting standard is as follows: the diameter of the base part is more than 1cm, the stem length is more than 30cm, and the tip head is tight;

the application method of the compound fertilizer in the seedling management comprises the following steps: alternately forming shallow trenches on one side of the plant, and applying the compound fertilizer into the shallow trenches;

the time of planting: the planting time of spring sowing is 5-6 months, and the planting time of autumn sowing is 10 months in the current year or 3-4 months in the next year;

the specific content of the field management is ① water management, namely watering thoroughly after planting, watering 1 time every 19-21 days, and timely cleaning the ditch to drain water to avoid field water accumulation;

② fertilizer management, namely applying compound fertilizer for 1 time every 1 month after planting for 40 days, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the compound fertilizer is applied by alternately forming shallow trenches at the positions of the single side of the ridge and 30cm away from the plants;

③, ridging, namely ridging for 1 month in combination with intertillage weeding and ridging for 3cm, and ridging for 1 time in the later life-prolonging period of the mother stems every year, wherein the ridging thickness is 3cm each time, and ridging is carried out for 5-6 times until the surface of the ridge is 25-30 cm higher than the bottom of the ditch;

④ mother stems are kept for long life, namely spring and autumn mother stems are kept for long year, the keeping time is 3-4-8 of late spring, 7-8 of late autumn, 5 spring mother stems are kept for long life, 10 autumn mother stems are kept for long life, 30kg of lime nitrogen is applied to the positions, which are 35cm away from the plants, of one side of the ridge in the initial period of the keeping for long life, the top is cut when the kept mother stems are 1.3m high, the spring mother stems are removed before the autumn mother stems are kept for long life, and the autumn mother stems are removed after the autumn mother stems are withered and yellow in winter;

⑤ pruning and building frame, cutting dense branches and leaves during the period of mother stem maintenance, and drawing transverse lines at the positions 80cm away from the ridge surface on both sides of the plant.

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