CN1061053A - 镍化物品的生产 - Google Patents
镍化物品的生产 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1061053A CN1061053A CN91108396A CN91108396A CN1061053A CN 1061053 A CN1061053 A CN 1061053A CN 91108396 A CN91108396 A CN 91108396A CN 91108396 A CN91108396 A CN 91108396A CN 1061053 A CN1061053 A CN 1061053A
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- general formula
- sulfo group
- amido
- brightener
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 2-hydroxyl-3-butenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical class N* 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052728 basic metal Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000002650 habitual effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTTPFCJTQXRWHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dichloroanilino)cyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(NC=2CCCC(=O)C=2)=C1Cl OTTPFCJTQXRWHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl cyanide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)C#N)C=C1Cl JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229950011260 betanaphthol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VKFAUCPBMAGVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipivefrin hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH2+]CC(O)C1=CC=C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)C)=C1 VKFAUCPBMAGVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical group [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;ethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=C BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNKZJIOFVMKAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Aminopropanesulfonate Chemical compound NCCCS(O)(=O)=O SNKZJIOFVMKAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQPMYSHJKXVTME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OCCCS(O)(=O)=O WQPMYSHJKXVTME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNILZINKISHVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-azaniumylbutane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound NCCCCS(O)(=O)=O KNILZINKISHVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEPBITJSIHRMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 FEPBITJSIHRMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000806 Latten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008107 benzenesulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithionous acid Chemical compound OS(=O)S(O)=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003944 halohydrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940045996 isethionic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JTHLRRZARWSHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-yn-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CC#C JTHLRRZARWSHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ANPNLOWZUVKCRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-aminoethanesulfonate;2-aminoethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].NCCS(O)(=O)=O.NCCS([O-])(=O)=O ANPNLOWZUVKCRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KSVSZLXDULFGDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-aminobenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KSVSZLXDULFGDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MZSDGDXXBZSFTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/22—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated
- C07C215/24—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated and acyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C309/07—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C309/08—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton containing hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C309/13—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C309/14—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton containing amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/28—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C309/41—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C309/42—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton having the sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/28—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C309/45—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C309/46—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton having the sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本发明涉及通过从含有一种或多种镍盐、一种或多种无机酸和一种或多种增亮剂作为基本成分的酸性水浴进行镍的电沉积生产镍化物品的一种改进工艺,这些增亮剂中有一些是新型化合物。本发明进一步涉及一种可用于此目的的增亮剂混合物。
大家知道,如果镍的电沉积是要产生该金属的一层光亮,有延性和平整的覆盖膜,那么,酸性镍电解质就必须含有低水平的有机物质。这样的增亮剂一般分为一次增亮剂和二次增亮剂,为了增加效果,习惯上以多种增亮剂组合的形式使用。不过,用这种方式得到的亮度仍需要进一步改进。
DE-B1191652(1)描述了季铵化形式芳族类型的一环或多环杂环含氮碱,例如像2-吡啶鎓-1-硫酸根合乙烷这样的吡啶鎓盐,用作酸性电镍化浴的平整化剂,即增亮剂。这些化合物是同惯用增亮剂如苯间二磺酸、二芳基二磺酰亚胺或磺酰胺一起使用的。
专著《Praktische Galvanotechnik》(Eugen G.Lenze Verlag,Saulgau,1984年第4版,268~271(2)页)描述了镍电解质的数类惯用增亮剂。尽管所讨论的这些物质分成一次增亮剂、二次增亮剂和平整化剂,但要承认,毫不含糊的分类并非总是可能的。所提到的产生亮度的物质是:
-磺酰亚胺类,如苯并磺酰亚胺
-磺酰胺类
-苯磺酸类,如一、二和三苯磺酸
-萘磺酸类,如一、二和三萘磺酸
-链烷磺酸类
-亚磺酸
-磺化芳基砜类
-有双键和/或叁键的脂族化合物,如丁炔二醇
-可额外地进一步含有硫或硒等杂原子的一环和多环含氮杂环
-香豆素
-作为平整化剂的胺类和季铵化合物
-蔗糖
实际上惯用的增亮剂是链烯基磺酸类,如乙烯基磺酸钠或烯丙基磺酸钠,且与炔丙醇、2-丁炔-1,4-二醇、丙炔磺酸或2-吡啶鎓-1-硫酸根合乙烷等其它增亮剂并用。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于生产除具有同等良好的延性和表面平整性外还具有较高亮度的镍化物品的改进工艺。
我们发现,用以实现这一目的的是一种用于从含有一种或多种镍盐、一种或多种无机酸和一种或多种增亮剂作为基本成分的酸性水浴进行镍的电沉积生产镍化物品的工艺,这包括使用通式Ⅰ的含2-羟基-3-丁烯基的化合物作为增亮剂
式中n是1,2或3且变量A有如下含义:
当n=1时,为
-羟基
-通式-OR1的基团,其中R1是C1-C4烷基(可以是磺基取代的),苯基,3-或4-磺基苯基,α-或β-萘基,3-,4-,5-,6-或7-磺基-α-萘基或4-,5-,6-,7-或8-磺基-β-萘基
--O-PO(OX)H或-O-PO(OX)2的含磷基团,其中X是氢或一个碱金属或铵阳离子
-通式-SO3X的磺基
-通式-NH2、-NHR1或-N(R1)2的胺基,其中,如果在N原子上有两个R1基团,则它们可以相同,也可以不同
当n=2时,为
-通式-NH-或-NR1-的胺基
-一个二价氧原子
当n=3时,为
-一个三价氮原子。
可额外带有一个磺基的C1-C4烷基R1具体地说,是甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,磺甲基,2-磺基乙基,3-磺基丙基或4-磺基丁基,磺基通常呈游离酸形式,呈碱金属盐,尤其是钠盐或钾盐形式,或呈铵盐形式。特别好的结果是用2-磺基乙基得到的。
带有通式-O-PO(OX)H的含磷基团的化合物Ⅰ是一种亚磷酸-酯或其盐,而带有通式-O-PO(OX)2的含磷基团的化合物Ⅰ是一种磷酸-酯或其盐。
变量X-是氢或一个碱金属阳离子,尤其是钠或钾,或一个铵阳离子。由于按照本发明,化合物Ⅰ是在酸性介质中,尤其是在弱酸性介质中使用的,因此,在碱金属盐或铵盐和对应游离酸之间必然存在一种平衡。
在本发明的一个较好实施方案中,所用的化合物Ⅰ的n等于1或3且变量A有如下含义:
当n=1时,为
-羟基
-通式-OR2的基团,其中R2是2-磺基乙基,3-磺基苯基或4-磺基苯基
-通式-SO3X的磺基
-通式-NHR2的胺基
当n=3时,为
-一个三价氮原子。
本发明进一步提供通式Ⅰa的新型含2-羟基-3-丁烯基的化合物
式中n是1、2或3且变量B有如下含义:
当n=1时,为
-通式-OR3的基团,其中R3是C1-C4烷基(可另有磺基取代),3-或4-磺基苯基,α-或β-萘基,3-,4-,5-,6-或7-磺基-α-萘基或4-,5-,6-,7-或8-磺基-β-萘基
--O-PO(OX)H或-O-PO(OX)2的含磷基团,其中X是氢或一个碱金属或铵阳离子
-通式-NHR3的胺基
-具有两个相同R4基团的通式-N(R4)2的胺基,其中R4是R3或苯基
当n=2时,为
-通式-NH-的胺基
-通式-NR3-的胺基
当n=3时,为
-一个三价氮原子。
额外再带一个磺基的C1-C4烷基R3,具体地说,是磺甲基,2-磺基乙基,3-磺基丙基或4-磺基丁基,磺基通常呈游离酸形式,呈碱金属盐、尤其钠盐或钾盐形式,或呈铵盐形式。
化合物Ⅰ和Ⅰa可按如下制备:使乙烯基环氧乙烷、4-氯-3-羟基-1-丁烯或4-溴-3-羟基-1-丁烯以正确摩尔比和含有正确亲核基团的反应物反应。这样的反应物(例如)是:
-水
-C1-C4烷醇
-羟基甲磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸(羟乙磺酸),3-羟基丙磺酸或4-羟基丁磺酸的盐
-苯酚和α-或β-萘酚
-3-或4-磺基苯基和3-,4-,5-,6-或7-磺基-α萘酚或4-,5-,6-,7-或8-磺基-β-萘酚的盐
-亚磷酸或亚磷酸氢盐
-磷酸或磷酸氢盐或二氢盐
-亚硫酸或亚硫酸氢盐
-氨
-每个烷基有1-4个碳原子的一或二烷基胺
-氨基甲磺酸、2-氨基乙磺酸(牛磺酸)、3-氨基丙磺酸或4-氨基丁磺酸的盐
-苯胺和α-或β-萘胺
-间氨基苯磺酸或对氨基苯磺酸和3-,4-,5-,6-或7-磺基-α-萘胺或4-,5-,6-,7-或8-磺基-β-萘胺及它们的盐。
反应一般在对环氧化物和卤代醇惯用的条件下进行,详见(例如)M.S.Melinovskii,Epoxides and their Derivatives,Israel Program for Scientific Translations,Jerusalem,1965,或Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie,Volume VI/3(Oxygen Compounds I,Part 3),Thieme Verlag Stuttgart,1965。
在本发明的一个较好实施方案中,化合物Ⅰ是与至少一种进一步的增亮剂一起使用的。由于化合物Ⅰ主要起一次增亮剂的作用,所以,它们与二次增亮剂如炔丙基醇、2-丁炔-1,4-二醇、丙炔磺酸或较好是季铵化形式芳族类型的一环或多环杂环氮碱(如2-吡啶鎓-1-硫酸根合乙烷)的组合产生特别高的亮度。然而,用某些一次增亮剂如蔗糖也有可能检出增强的效果。
所使用的酸性镍电解质水浴含有一种或通常不止一种镍盐,如硫酸镍和氯化镍,一种或多种无机酸,较好是硼酸和硫酸,单独或较好进一步与惯用增亮剂组合的增亮剂化合物Ⅰ,及任选地进一步含有为此目的惯用浓度的惯用助剂和添加剂,如湿润剂和孔抑制剂。惯用酸性镍电解质水溶液(Watts电解质)有如下基本组成:
200~350克/升NiSO4×7H2O
30~150克/升NiCl2×6H2O
30~50克/升H3BO3。
电解质浴的pH通常在3~6的范围,较好在4~5的范围。这个pH可方便地用一种强无机酸、较好是硫酸调制。
化合物Ⅰ一般以0.1~2.0克/升这一范围,较好在0.2~1.3克/升这一范围的浓度存在于电解质浴中。进一步惯用增亮剂的浓度通常也在0.1~2.0克/升的范围内。
所述的镍电解质浴尤其能用来在钢物品上产生镍镀层,但也能在已经过用普通方法电涂预处理的,由其它材料如黄铜构成的物品上产生镍镀层。这一般是在30~80℃,较好在40~60℃进行的。
本发明进一步提供一种用于以上述浓度含有化合物Ⅰ和季铵化形式芳族类型的一环或多环杂环氮碱作为基本成分的酸性电镍化水浴的增亮剂混合物。
按照本发明使用的化合物Ⅰ对于极高亮度的形式来说是值得注意的。它们比惯用增亮剂产生更高的亮度,在某些情况下,甚至在镍电解质浴中以较低浓度存在时也如此。
制备实例1~6
实例1
1,2-二羟基-3-丁烯的制备
32.7克乙烯基环氧乙烷、70克水和0.5克96%(重量)浓硫酸作为催化剂,在85~90℃搅拌5小时。然后,用50%(重量)浓氢氧化钠溶液中和硫酸。少量未转化的乙烯基环氧乙烷在50℃,在射水真空下,连同过量的水一起蒸馏掉,留下40克呈粘稠液体形式的产品。
实例2
4-(2′-羟基-3′-丁烯-1′-基氧)苯磺酸钠的制备
267.7克65%(重量)浓对羟基苯磺酸和100克水一起蒸馏,再与80克50%(重量)浓氢氧化钠溶液混合。然后,在70~80℃搅拌,用30分钟时间滴加70克乙烯基环氧乙烷。随后,在同一温度下,将混合物搅拌8小时。然后,在射水真空下将水除去,留下195克产物。再将该产物吸收在水中,并调节到50%(重量)的浓度。
实例3
2-羟基-3-丁烯磺酸钠的制备
在80℃搅拌,用20分钟时间,将21.5克乙烯基环氧乙烷滴加到80.4克39%(重量)浓亚硫酸氢钠水溶液和23.6克水的混合物中。然后,在同一温度下将该混合物搅拌8小时。少量未转化的乙烯基环氧乙烷和水在射水真空下除去,留下40克产物。将该产物吸收在水中,并调节到50%(重量)的浓度。
实例4
三(2-羟基-3-丁烯-1-基)胺的制备
在70~80℃搅拌,用20分钟时间把126克乙烯基环氧乙烷添加到40.8克25%(重量)浓氨水和170克水的混合物中。随后,在同一温度将该混合物搅拌5小时。然后,在射水真空下将其缩减至172克。这留下一种粘稠液体,产物含量为78%(重量)。
实例5
2-N-(2′-羟基-3′-丁烯-1′-基)氨基乙磺酸钠的制备
在70~80℃搅拌,用30分钟时间,把70克乙烯基环氧乙烷滴加到313克47%(重量)浓2-氨基乙磺酸(牛磺酸)钠盐水溶液中。随后,在同一温度将该混合物搅拌6小时。然后,在射水真空下脱水。这留下218克产物。再将产物吸收在水中,把溶液调节到50%(重量)的产品含量。
实例6
2-N,N-二(2′-羟基-3′-丁烯-1′-基)氨基乙磺酸钠的制备
用两倍量的乙烯基环氧乙烷重复实例5,在反应已经发生且反应混合物已在射水真空下浓缩之后,给出287克产物,再将该产物吸收于水中,把溶液调节到50%(重量)的产品含量。
实例7
4-N-(2′-羟基-3′-丁烯-1′-基)氨基苯磺酸钠的制备
在70~80℃搅拌,用30分钟时间,把70克乙烯基环氧乙烷滴加到173克4-氨基苯磺酸(磺胺酸)、200克水和80克50%(重量)浓氢氧化钠水溶液的混合物中。随后在同一温度下将该混合物搅拌4小时,给出520克具有53%(重量)产品含量的溶液。
应用实例8~14和对比例A和B
使用实例1~7中制备的产物作为弱酸性电镍化浴中的增亮剂。
所使用的镍电解质水溶液有如下组成:
300克/升NiSO4×7H2O
60克/升NiCl2×6H2O
45克/升H3BO3
2克/升蔗糖
0.3克/升2-吡啶鎓-1-硫酸根合乙烷
X克/升增亮剂,如表所示
0.5克/升通式C12H25/C14H29-O-(CH2CH2O)2-SO3Na的脂肪醇衍生物,作为湿润剂
该电解质的pH用硫酸调至4.2。
要镍化的物品是黄铜片,在镀镍之前,用普通方法在碱性电解质中使之阴极脱脂。镍化在一个250毫升Hull电解池中于55℃、电流强度为2安培进行10分钟。然后用水漂洗这些试片,用压缩空气干燥。
下表表示这些实验的结果。可以看出,按照本发明使用的增亮剂或增亮剂混合物比先有技术药剂产生更高的亮度,在一些情况,甚至在镍电解质浴中以较低浓度存在时也如此。
表 镍电沉积的试验结果
实例号 增亮剂 浓度 亮度
〔实例号〕 X〔克/升〕 〔等级〕
8 1 0.3 4~5
9 2 0.8 4~5
10 3 0.8 4~5
11 4 0.3 5
12 5 0.6 5
13 6 0.8 5
14 7 1.2 4~5
用于比较:
A 乙烯基磺酸钠 0.8 4
B 烯丙基磺酸钠 0.7 4
亮度分级标准:
5=优异(完美的镜面光泽)
4=良好(几乎是镜面光泽)
3=中等
2=差
1=无亮度
8~14号所有实例及比较样品A和B的延性都非常好。
除了在实例8(发现有过度抑制的痕迹)外,不可能检测出对镍沉积过程的任何干扰。
Claims (6)
1、一种用于从含有一种或多种镍盐、一种或多种无机酸和一种或多种增亮剂作为基本成分的酸性水浴进行镍的电沉积生产镍化物品的工艺,该工艺包括使用通式I的一种含2-羟基-3-丁烯基的化合物作为增亮剂
式中n是1、2或3且变量A有如下含义:
当n=1时,为
-羟基
-通式-OR1的基团,其中R1是C1~C4烷基(可以是磺基取代的),苯基,3-或4-磺基苯基,α-或β-萘基,3-,4-,5-,6-或7-磺基-α-萘基或4-,5-,6-,7-或8-磺基-β-萘基
--O-PO(OX)H或-O-PO(OX)2的含磷基团,其中X是氢或一个碱金属或铵阳离子
-通式-SO3X的磺基
-通式-NH2、-NHR1或-N(R1)2的胺基,其中,如果该N原子上有两个R1基团,则它们可以相同也可以不同
当n=2时,为
-通式-NH-或-NR1-的胺基
-二价氧原子
当n=3时,为
-三价氮原子。
2、权利要求1的工艺,其中,在化合物Ⅰ中使用的n是1或3,且变量A有如下含义:
当n=1时,为
-羟基
-通式-OR2的基团,其中R2是2-磺基乙基,3-磺基苯基或
4-磺基苯基
-通式-SO3X的磺基
-通式-NHR2的胺基
当n=3时,为
-三价氮原子。
3、权利要求1的工艺,其中,除了化合物Ⅰ外,还使用至少又一种增亮剂。
4、权利要求3的工艺,其中,除了化合物Ⅰ外,还以季铵化形式使用芳族类型的一环或多环杂环氮碱作为进一步的增亮剂。
6、一种用于含有权利要求1所提出的化合物Ⅰ和季铵化形式芳族类型的一环或多环杂环氮碱作为基本成分的酸性电镍化水浴的增亮剂混合物。
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