CN106087242B - 一种钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜、制备方法及其用于荧光检测的应用 - Google Patents
一种钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜、制备方法及其用于荧光检测的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可在水相(或醇相)中进行高灵敏度荧光检测的钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜及其制备方法。钙钛矿量子点(PQDs)纤维膜是将粒径为2~10 nm的CH3NH3PbX3(X=Cl,Br,I)或者粒径为5~20 nm的CsPbX3(X=Cl,Br,I)钙钛矿量子点包埋到直径为0.5~3.0μm聚苯乙烯(PS)纤维中,编织成为PQDs/PS钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜。本发明通过将钙钛矿量子点混纺进聚苯乙烯纤维所获得的柔性疏水钙钛矿量子点纤维膜是一种高灵敏度的水相(醇相)荧光检测材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可在水相(或醇相)中进行高灵敏度荧光检测的钙钛矿量子点纤维膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
荧光共振能量转移(FRET)是能量由供体荧光团经无辐射途径转移给受体荧光团,并引起供体荧光猝灭和受体荧光增强的光学现象。利用量子点(QDs)所具有的独特光学性质(宽吸收、窄发射、抗光漂白及荧光可调),结合FRET具有的灵敏度高、适用广泛、分析速度快等优点,基于QDs的FRET技术作为检测纳米级距离变化的工具,已在生物及化学检测方面得到了广泛的应用。近年来,由于有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料具有独特的有机胺和无机层交替堆积形成的量子阱结构,结合介电约束效应以及量子点自身独特的量子限域效应,这种CH3NH3PbX3(X = Cl, Br, I)型钙钛矿量子点材料表现出优异的光学性质,例如高荧光强度,长荧光寿命,高量子产量,以及可调的荧光波长,在太阳能电池、发光、显示等领域具有独特的应用价值。随后,CsPbX3(X = Cl, Br, I)型无机钙钛矿量子点也被发现具有类似的光学性质并广泛应用于制备LED。基于上述钙钛矿量子点(PQDs)的独特性质,开发用于高灵敏的钙钛矿量子点荧光检测技术具有广阔的应用前景。
目前,已经有一些比较成熟又简便的方法来制备PQDs,然而在实际应用中,由于水分子的作用,钙钛矿材料的结构在相对潮湿的环境(~50%)中很容易被破坏,这严重限制了PQDs的应用范围。Huang等人(J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138 (18): 5749-5752)利用四甲氧基硅烷的高速水解性,在分析纯甲苯溶液中将钙钛矿量子点表面包覆SiO2,使其在相对较高的湿度下(80 %)暴露7 h后,保持92.13 %的发光强度,但是仍不能解决在水中的稳定性问题。目前还没有见到这种钙钛矿量子点用于水相荧光检测。因此,寻找合适的包覆材料,实现在保证钙钛矿量子点光学特性的同时有效改善其在水中的稳定性具有十分重要的应用价值。
聚苯乙烯(PS)是一种传统的热塑性高聚物,具有易加工,无色透明和机械强度高等优点,本发明采用PS对钙钛矿量子点进行有效包埋,应用FRET原理(PQDs作为能量供体,待测荧光样品作为能量受体),实现了在水相(或醇相)对荧光基团的灵敏检测。另外,通过调整PQDs的成分(Cl、Br、I的摩尔比),产生不同波长的发射峰,实现了不同荧光基团的检测。本发明是利用静电纺丝技术将PQDs与PS混纺成微纳米纤维,实现PS对PQDs的有效包埋。由于静电纺丝技术制备的微纳米纤维结构具有较大的表面积,较高的近表面量子点掺杂浓度,较强的疏水能力,有效实现了对超低浓度荧光基团的检测。此外,由于PS的高疏水性,得到的PQDs复合纤维膜还具有可裁剪,易清洁,可重复使用的优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种能够将钙钛矿量子点用于水相(或醇相)荧光检测的纤维膜及其制备方法。
本发明的具体技术方案是:一种钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜,钙钛矿量子点(PQDs)纤维膜是将粒径为2~10 nm的CH3NH3PbX3(X = Cl, Br, I)或者粒径为5~20 nm的CsPbX3(X= Cl, Br, I)钙钛矿量子点包埋到直径为0.5~3.0 μm聚苯乙烯(PS)纤维中,编织成为PQDs/PS钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜。
本发明的钙钛矿量子点纤维膜利用PQDs的荧光特性:荧光强度高,半峰宽窄,发光范围可根据X的摩尔比调整从而覆盖整个可见光范围,实现了纤维膜材料优异的荧光特性;利用高分子PS的化学结构特点使得复合纤维膜具有疏水性能以及耐水、耐醇等超高的稳定性;将PQDs混纺到有机高分子PS中获得的复合薄膜兼备量子点的荧光特性、有机纤维膜的柔性、疏水性和可塑性,从而有效提高了PQDs在检测领域的灵敏度、稳定性、重复使用性以及可加工性。
本发明还提出了一种钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜的制备方法,步骤如下:
CsPbX3(X = Cl, Br, I)钙钛矿量子点(CPX-PQDs)的制备:
1)首先,将0.4~0.5 mmol CsX和0.4~0.5 mmol PbX2溶解于10~12 mL二甲基二酰胺(DMF)溶剂中,待完全溶解后,加入1~1.2 mL油酸和0.5~0.6 mL油胺用于稳定溶液。然后,取上述溶液1 mL,快速加入到10 mL甲苯溶液中并大力搅拌,即得到CPX-PQDs甲苯溶液。
2)将CPX-PQDs混纺到PS纤维中:
将步骤1)中所制得的CPX-PQDs甲苯溶液超声20~40 min,然后将3~5 g PS(Mw =200000)加入到上述溶液中,室温下搅拌2~3 h,配成CPX-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液。接着,将前驱体溶液装入注射器中,调整纺丝电压为10~20 kV,接收距离10~15 cm,进行静电纺丝,从而获得CPX-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料。
本发明还提出了一种钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜的制备方法,步骤如下:
CH3NH3PbX3(X = Cl, Br, I)钙钛矿量子点(MAPX-PQDs)的制备:
1)首先,将甲胺水溶液冷却至0 ℃,加入氢X酸搅拌2~3 h,然后在-0.1 MPa,70 ℃条件下旋蒸除去溶剂即可得到CH3NH3X,产物用乙醚冲洗三次并在60~70 ℃真空烘箱中干燥4~6 h以备他用。
2)将0.16~0.18 mmol上述制备的CH3NH3X和0.2~0.3 mmol PbX2溶解在5 mL二甲基二酰胺(DMF)中,再加入20~40 μL辛胺和0.5~1 mL油酸形成前驱体溶液。将2 mL上述前驱体溶液加入10 mL甲苯中并大力搅拌,伴随混合可以看到强烈的荧光。7000~8000 rpm离心10~15 min即可得到沉淀产物MAPX-PQDs。
3)将MAPX-PQDs混纺到PS纤维中:
将步骤3)中所制得的MAPX-PQDs加入10 g甲苯溶液中超声25~35 min,然后将PS(Mw = 200000)按照其与甲苯质量比为0.2~0.5:1加入到上述溶液中,室温下搅拌2~3 h,配成MAPX-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液。接着,将前驱体溶液装入注射器中,调整纺丝电压为10~20 kV,接收距离10~15 cm,进行静电纺丝,从而获得MAPX-PQDs /PS复合纤维膜材料。
本发明又提出了一种上述钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜用于荧光检测的应用。
高分子PS具有疏水的化学结构,借助电纺纤维独特的几何学结构可以获得疏水纤维薄膜。这种结构有效避免了钙钛矿量子点与检测环境的直接接触,从而实现钙钛矿量子点在水相(或醇相)中的稳定存在;复合纤维膜具有较大的表面积和较高的近表面量子点掺杂浓度,有利于与待检测荧光基团之间发生有效的能量共振转移,从而提高检测精度;另外,通过调整钙钛矿量子点成分,可以产生不同位置的发射峰,从而检测多种荧光基团;这种疏水复合纤维还具有柔性,易于裁剪;易清洁,可重复多次使用等特点。综上,通过将钙钛矿量子点混纺进聚苯乙烯纤维所获得的柔性疏水钙钛矿量子点纤维膜是一种高灵敏度的水相(醇相)荧光检测材料。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1)本发明首次实现了钙钛矿量子点在水相(醇相)中的稳定存在,复合纤维膜几乎完全保留了钙钛矿量子点的光学特性;
2)电纺制备的纤维膜具有较大的表面积和较高的近表面量子点掺杂浓度,有利于实现高精度检测;
3) 通过调整钙钛矿量子点成分,可以实现多种荧光基团的检测;
4)复合纤维膜具有疏水特性,使得纤维膜在使用后容易清洁,可重复使用;
5)本发明的产品安全无毒,易于长期保存,并且制备工艺简单易操作,环境友好,成本较低,适合大规模工业生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs的透射电镜图;
图2为本发明实施例2所制备的MAPB-PQDs的透射电镜图;
图3为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料的光学照片图以及在365 nm紫外光照下的光学照片;
图4为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料的扫描电镜图;
图5为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料的透射电镜图,插图为纤维横截面图;
图6为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料和CPB-PQDs以及PS的X射线衍射图;
图7为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料的接触角测试图;
图8为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料在365 nm激发下的荧光发射谱图和罗丹明6G的吸收图谱;
图9为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料在水中浸泡后的荧光稳定性测试结果;
图10为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料在365 nm紫外光激发下对包含不同浓度的罗丹明6G水溶液的荧光检测光谱图;
图11为本发明实施例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料在365 nm紫外光激发下对包含不同浓度的罗丹明6G乙醇溶液的荧光检测光谱图;
图12为本发明对照例1所制备的CPB-PQDs/PS薄膜材料在365 nm紫外光激发下对包含不同浓度的罗丹明6G水溶液的荧光检测光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例的方式对本发明做进一步说明:
实施例1:
将0.4 mmol CsBr和0.4 mmol PbBr2溶解于10 mL DMF溶剂中,待完全溶解后,加入1 mL油酸和0.5 mL油胺用于稳定溶液。取上述溶液1 mL,快速加入到10 mL甲苯溶液中并大力搅拌,即得到CPB-PQDs甲苯溶液。
将所制得的CPB-PQDs甲苯溶液超声30 min,然后将3 g PS (Mw = 200000)加入到上述溶液中,室温下搅拌2 h,配成CPB-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液。接着,将前驱体溶液装入带有直径为0.5 mm喷嘴的医用注射器中,调整纺丝电压为15 kV,接收距离10 cm,进行静电纺丝,烘干后从而获得CPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料。
实施例2:
将甲胺水溶液冷却至0 ℃,加入氢溴酸搅拌2 h,然后在-0.1 MPa,70 ℃条件下旋蒸除去溶剂即可得到CH3NH3Br,产物用乙醚冲洗三次并在60 ℃真空烘箱中干燥5 h以备他用。
将0.16 mmol上述制备的CH3NH3Br和0.2 mmol PbBr2溶解在5 mL二甲基二酰胺中,再加入20 μL辛胺和0.5 mL油酸形成前驱体溶液。将2 mL上述前驱体溶液加入10 mL甲苯中并大力搅拌,伴随混合可以看到强烈的荧光。7000 rpm离心10 min即可得到沉淀产物MAPB-PQDs。
将上述制得的MAPB-PQDs加入10 g甲苯溶液混合超声30 min,然后将2 g PS(Mw =200000)加入到上述溶液中,室温下搅拌2 h,配成MAPB-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液。接着,将前驱体溶液装入带有直径为0.5 mm喷嘴的医用注射器中,调整纺丝电压为10 kV,接收距离10 cm,进行静电纺丝,从而获得MAPB-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料。
实施例3:
将0.5 mmol CsCl和0.5 mmol PbCl2溶解于12 mL DMF溶剂中,待完全溶解后,加入1.2 mL油酸和0.6 mL油胺用于稳定溶液。取上述溶液1 mL,快速加入到10 mL甲苯溶液中并大力搅拌,即得到CPC-PQDs甲苯溶液。
将所制得的CPC-PQDs甲苯溶液超声30 min,然后将5 g PS (Mw=200000)加入到上述溶液中,室温下搅拌2 h,配成CPC-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液。接着,将前驱体溶液装入带有直径为0.5 mm喷嘴的医用注射器中,调整纺丝电压为15 kV,接收距离15 cm,进行静电纺丝,烘干后从而获得CPC-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料。
实施例4:
将甲胺水溶液冷却至0 ℃,加入盐酸搅拌2 h,然后在-0.1 MPa,70 ℃条件下旋蒸除去溶剂即可得到CH3NH3Cl,产物用乙醚冲洗三次并在70 ℃真空烘箱中干燥5 h以备他用。
将0.17 mmol上述制备的CH3NH3Cl和0.3 mmol PbCl2溶解在5 mL二甲基二酰胺中,再加入40 μL辛胺和1 mL油酸形成前驱体溶液。将2 mL上述前驱体溶液加入10 mL甲苯中并大力搅拌,伴随混合可以看到强烈的荧光。8000 rpm离心10 min即可得到沉淀产物MAPC-PQDs。
将上述制得的MAPC-PQDs加入10 g甲苯溶液混合超声30 min,然后将5 g PS(Mw =200000)加入到上述溶液中,室温下搅拌3 h,配成MAPC-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液。接着,将前驱体溶液装入带有直径为0.5 mm喷嘴的医用注射器中,调整纺丝电压为15 kV,接收距离15 cm,进行静电纺丝,从而获得MAPC-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料。
实施例5:
本发明中钙钛矿量子点纤维膜在水相(醇相)荧光检测领域的应用,用于考察该薄膜对低浓度有机荧光分子水溶液(醇溶液)的荧光检测性能。具体方法如下:将CPB-PQDs/PS纤维膜粘贴在直角三棱柱的斜面上,紧贴固定在四面石英比色皿中,保证波长为365 nm的入射激光与薄膜表面成45°角照射,并被另一侧的与入射激光成光成90°的光谱仪接收到荧光信号。配制浓度为1~10 ppm的罗丹明6G水溶液(乙醇溶液)分别依次加入到上述比色皿中,从而对罗丹明6G水溶液(醇溶液)进行荧光检测。
实施例6:
本发明中钙钛矿量子点纤维膜在水相(醇相)荧光检测领域的应用,用于考察该薄膜对低浓度有机荧光分子水溶液(醇溶液)的荧光检测性能。具体方法如下:将MAPB-PQDs/PS纤维膜粘贴在直角三棱柱的斜面上,紧贴固定在四面石英比色皿中,保证波长为365 nm的入射激光与薄膜表面成45°角照射,并被另一侧的与入射激光成光成90°的光谱仪接收到荧光信号。配制浓度为1~10 ppm的罗丹明B水溶液(醇溶液)分别依次加入到上述比色皿中,从而对罗丹明B水溶液(醇溶液)进行荧光检测。
对照例1:
为了与实施例进行效果对比选取对照例1。对照例1取1 mL 实施例1中制得的CPB-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液直接滴涂在玻璃片上,60 ℃烘干12 h即可得到厚度约为1 mm的CPB-PQDs/PS薄膜,按照实施例5的方法对罗丹明6G水溶液进行荧光测试,检测结果如图12所示,其检测极限约为5 ppm。由此可得,在同等实验条件下,采用本发明的纤维膜的检测极限约为1 ppm(见图10),其检测精度是对应薄膜的5倍左右。
Claims (1)
1.一种钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜,其特征在于,钙钛矿量子点纤维膜是将粒径为5~20nm的CsPbX3钙钛矿量子点包埋到直径为0.5~3.0μm聚苯乙烯纤维中,编织成为PQDs/PS钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜;
所述钙钛矿量子点复合纤维膜的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)CsPbX3钙钛矿量子点CPX-PQDs的制备:
首先,将0.4~0.5mmol CsX和0.4~0.5mmol PbX2溶解于10~12mL二甲基二酰胺溶剂中,待完全溶解后,加入1~1.2mL油酸和0.5~0.6mL油胺用于稳定溶液;
然后,取上述溶液1mL,快速加入到10mL甲苯溶液中并大力搅拌,即得到CPX-PQDs甲苯溶液;
2)将CPX-PQDs混纺到PS纤维中:
将步骤1)中所制得的CPX-PQDs甲苯溶液超声20~40min,然后将3~5g PS加入到上述溶液中,室温下搅拌2~3h,配成CPX-PQDs/PS电纺前驱体溶液;
接着,将前驱体溶液装入注射器中,调整纺丝电压为20kV,接收距离10~15cm,进行静电纺丝,从而获得CPX-PQDs/PS复合纤维膜材料;
所述X=Cl,Br或I;所述PS的重均分子量Mw=200000。
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