CN106071535A - 澄清型酸枣固体饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料及其制备方法,所述方法将酸枣蒸煮软化后,脱皮、去核,经打浆、酶解、超滤等工艺制备得到酸枣固体饮料,尽可能最大限度地保留了酸枣中富含的营养活性成分,同时保留了酸枣果肉的香气,去除了果核和果皮等产生的涩味。将所得固体饮料冲调后,颜色呈红棕色,口感酸甜,溶液澄清,透明均匀,香气四溢。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及澄清型酸枣固体饮料及其制备方法,属于食品加工领域。
背景技术
酸枣(学名:Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H.F.Chow)是鼠李科枣属植物,原产中国华北,中南各省亦有分布,具有很高的营养价值和药用价值。中医典籍《神农本草经》中早有记载,酸枣可以“安五脏,轻身延年”。《本草纲目》记载“酸枣味酸、性平,主祛邪气,安中养身,平胃气,通九窍,助十二经,补中气,增津液”。
酸枣的营养主要体现在它的成分中。它含有钾、钠、铁、锌、磷、硒等多种微量元素,新鲜的酸枣中更是含有大量的维生素C,其含量是红枣的2~3倍、柑橘的20~30倍,在人体中的利用率可达到86.3%。此外,酸枣中还含有大量维生素E,可以促进血液循环和组织生长,使皮肤与毛发具有光泽,让面部皱纹舒展,已有研究证明酸枣具有防病抗衰老与养颜益寿的作用。
随着加工技术的提高,陆续开发出酸枣酒、酸枣汽水、酸枣汁等以酸枣为原料的功能性饮料,但是这些多为液体饮品,携带不方便。早期开发的酸枣固体饮品“酸枣晶”(“《食品科学》,1989年第4期”),虽然将酸枣制成了固体饮料,克服了携带或运输不便的问题,但是冲调后悬浮物较多,口感与酸枣汁等液体饮料相比有明显差异。中国专利申请CN94114259.0则公开了一种酸枣茶,其中将酸枣果肉、酸枣仁和作为粘合剂的蜂蜜以及天然甜味剂等混合、制粒、烘干,但是该酸枣茶冲调时需要装入滤纸袋进行过滤,与固体冲调饮料也存在一定差异。中国专利CN201010531016.7公开了一种速溶性酸枣全营养果粉,其中将鲜酸枣果经双道打浆机打浆、过滤分离后制取的酸枣果仁粉、酸枣果渣粉与酸枣果浆,经混匀、高压均质、真空低温干燥后制得,但是所述酸枣果粉冲调后静置后有肉眼可见的固体析出,而且口感有涩感。
为克服现有技术中酸枣固体饮品存在的缺陷,本发明开发出一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料,经打浆、酶解、超滤等工艺制备而成,将所得固体饮料冲调后,颜色呈红棕色,口感酸甜,溶液澄清透明,极大程度上保留了酸枣固有的香味和酸枣所富含的各类活性成分。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,一方面,本发明提供了一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选酸枣,去除杂质以及霉变、有虫蛀的酸枣,清洗,加水在50-65℃条件下浸泡30-80min,料液比为1∶5-1∶8,加热蒸煮至软烂,脱皮,去核,将酸枣果肉进行打浆处理,得到酸枣果浆;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的酸枣果浆冷却至室温,加入0.2-0.3%的柠檬酸、0.15-0.3%的抗坏血酸进行护色处理;
(3)在步骤(2)所得护色酸枣果浆中加入0.02-0.03%果胶酶、0.01-0.02%纤维素酶、0.01-0.03%木聚糖酶和0.005-0.01%中性蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解温度为30-45℃,酶解时间为20-40min,得到酶解后的酸枣果浆;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的酶解后酸枣果浆在3000-3500r/min下离心10-15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,将沉淀物溶于水中,搅拌均匀至充分溶解,再次在3000-3500r/min下离心10-15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,合并两次上清液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得上清液经孔径为0.02-0.03μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液,再将所得澄清溶液经孔径为0.005-0.01μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液;
(6)在步骤(5)最终得到的澄清溶液中加入55%-60%的麦芽糊精,搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,制得所述酸枣固体饮料。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(1)中的浸泡温度为50℃,浸泡时间为50min,料液比为1∶6。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(2)加入0.25%的柠檬酸和0.15%的抗坏血酸。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(3)加入0.025%果胶酶、0.015%纤维素酶、0.02%木聚糖酶和0.01%中性蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解温度为42℃,酶解时间为35min。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(4)中的离心条件为3500r/min下离心15分钟。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(5)中两次超滤的膜孔径分别为0.02μm和0.005μm。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(6)中加入了55%的麦芽糊精。
另一方面,本发明提供了由所述制备方法制备的酸枣固体饮料。
本发明将酸枣蒸煮软化后,脱皮、去核,经打浆、酶解、超滤等工艺制备得到酸枣固体饮料,尽可能最大限度地保留了酸枣中富含的营养活性成分,同时保留了酸枣果肉的香气,去除了果核和果皮等产生的涩味。将所得固体饮料冲调后,颜色呈红棕色,口感酸甜,溶液澄清,透明均匀,香气四溢。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施方式进一步详细说明本发明的技术方案。需要指出的是,以下说明仅仅是对本发明要求保护的技术方案的举例说明,并非对这些技术方案的任何限制。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求书记载的内容为准。
实施例1:
一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选酸枣,去除杂质以及霉变、有虫蛀的酸枣,清洗,加水在50℃条件下浸泡50min,料液比为1∶6,加热蒸煮至软烂,脱皮,去核,将酸枣果肉进行打浆处理,得到酸枣果浆;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的酸枣果浆冷却至室温,加入0.25%的柠檬酸、0.15%的抗坏血酸进行护色处理;
(3)在步骤(2)所得护色酸枣果浆中加入0.025%果胶酶、0.015%纤维素酶、0.02%木聚糖酶和0.01%中性蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解温度为42℃,酶解时间为35min,得到酶解后的酸枣果浆;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的酶解后酸枣果浆在3500r/min下离心15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,将沉淀物溶于水中,搅拌均匀至充分溶解,再次在3500r/min下离心15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,合并两次上清液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得上清液经孔径为0.02μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液,再将所得澄清溶液经孔径为0.005μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液;
(6)在步骤(5)最终得到的澄清溶液中加入55%的麦芽糊精,搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,制得所述酸枣固体饮料。
实施例2:
一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选酸枣,去除杂质以及霉变、有虫蛀的酸枣,清洗,加水在60℃条件下浸泡45min,料液比为1∶7,加热蒸煮至软烂,脱皮,去核,将酸枣果肉进行打浆处理,得到酸枣果浆;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的酸枣果浆冷却至室温,加入0.2%的柠檬酸、0.2%的抗坏血酸进行护色处理;
(3)在步骤(2)所得护色酸枣果浆中加入0.02%果胶酶、0.02%纤维素酶、0.015%木聚糖酶和0.008%中性蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间为30min,得到酶解后的酸枣果浆;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的酶解后酸枣果浆在3500r/min下离心15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,将沉淀物溶于水中,搅拌均匀至充分溶解,再次在3500r/min下离心15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,合并两次上清液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得上清液经孔径为0.03μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液,再将所得澄清溶液经孔径为0.01μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液;
(6)在步骤(5)最终得到的澄清溶液中加入60%的麦芽糊精,搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,制得所述酸枣固体饮料。
实施例3:
一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选酸枣,去除杂质以及霉变、有虫蛀的酸枣,清洗,加水在65℃条件下浸泡35min,料液比为1∶8,加热蒸煮至软烂,脱皮,去核,将酸枣果肉进行打浆处理,得到酸枣果浆;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的酸枣果浆冷却至室温,加入0.3%的柠檬酸、0.25%的抗坏血酸进行护色处理;
(3)在步骤(2)所得护色酸枣果浆中加入0.03%果胶酶、0.01%纤维素酶、0.025%木聚糖酶和0.007%中性蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解温度为45℃,酶解时间为30min,得到酶解后的酸枣果浆;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的酶解后酸枣果浆在3500r/min下离心15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,将沉淀物溶于水中,搅拌均匀至充分溶解,再次在3500r/min下离心15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,合并两次上清液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得上清液经孔径为0.02μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液,再将所得澄清溶液经孔径为0.01μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液;
(6)在步骤(5)最终得到的澄清溶液中加入58%的麦芽糊精,搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,制得所述酸枣固体饮料。
试验例1各实施例所得固体饮料的复溶情况
从实施例1-3制得的固体饮料中取10g,加入70℃的饮用水复溶至相同体积,观察颜色、香味、沉淀等情况,并测定绿原酸含量。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原料的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种澄清型酸枣固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选酸枣,去除杂质以及霉变、有虫蛀的酸枣,清洗,加水在50-65℃条件下浸泡30-80min,料液比为1∶5-1∶8,加热蒸煮至软烂,脱皮,去核,将酸枣果肉进行打浆处理,得到酸枣果浆;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的酸枣果浆冷却至室温,加入0.2-0.3%的柠檬酸、0.15-0.3%的抗坏血酸进行护色处理;
(3)在步骤(2)所得护色酸枣果浆中加入0.02-0.03%果胶酶、0.01-0.02%纤维素酶、0.01-0.03%木聚糖酶和0.005-0.01%中性蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解温度为30-45℃,酶解时间为20-40min,得到酶解后的酸枣果浆;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的酶解后酸枣果浆在3000-3500r/min下离心10-15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,将沉淀物溶于水中,搅拌均匀至充分溶解,再次在3000-3500r/min下离心10-15分钟,分离上清液和沉淀物,合并两次上清液;
(5)将步骤(4)所得上清液经孔径为0.02-0.03μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液,再将所得澄清溶液经孔径为0.005-0.01μm的超滤膜进行超滤,得澄清溶液;
(6)在步骤(5)最终得到的澄清溶液中加入55%-60%的麦芽糊精,搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,制得所述酸枣固体饮料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的浸泡温度为50℃,浸泡时间为50min,料液比为1∶6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)加入0.25%的柠檬酸和0.15%的抗坏血酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)加入0.025%果胶酶、0.015%纤维素酶、0.02%木聚糖酶和0.01%中性蛋白酶进行酶解,酶解温度为42℃,酶解时间为35min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中的离心条件为3500r/min下离心15分钟。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中两次超滤的膜孔径分别为0.02μm和0.005μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中加入了55%的麦芽糊精。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述方法制备的澄清型酸枣固体饮料。
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