CN105998301B - 一种治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,是由以下重量百分数的原料和辅料组成的:复方黄柏流浸膏,5%;泊洛沙姆407,17~21%;泊洛沙姆188,2~4%;Transcutol P,3~10%;防腐剂,0~0.2%;余量为水。制备方法为:向复方黄柏流浸膏中加入泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、Transcutol P、防腐剂和水,搅拌均匀,于4℃放置至呈可自由流动的半透明溶液,即得。本发明的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,通过直肠给药治疗结直肠炎,具有起效快,生物利用度高,使用方便、安全等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂及其制备方法,属于药物制剂技术领域。
背景技术
当今社会,随着人们生活水平的提高,饮食结构和生活习惯也发生了很大的变化,结直肠疾病的发病率也呈逐年增高的趋势,结直肠癌的发病率已经成为恶性肿瘤的第三位。结直肠炎是以结肠、直肠黏膜慢性弥漫性炎症为病理表现的一种消化道疾病,临床主要表现为腹痛、腹泻、反复黏液血便,急性危重患者还可表现为外周关节炎、结节性红斑、肝功能受损、血栓栓塞、心肌病变等肠外表现及低蛋白血症、发热、电解质紊乱等全身表现,病程迁延不愈,复发率高。目前,由于尚缺乏特异性措施治疗本病,并发症亦较严重,世界卫生组织把它定为现代难治病。
中医药对结直肠炎的治疗,方法繁多,有内服、内外合治、中西医结合、灌肠治疗等,可采用一种方法治疗,也可几种方法综合治疗。结肠或直肠的感染或病变的局部给药更优于口服途径,因为制剂直接施用于作用部位,因此能够迅速到达病灶部位并起效。根据技术发展的水平,活性物质的局部递送优选利用栓剂、灌肠剂和泡沫剂通过直肠给药实现。中药灌肠可以使药物充分作用于病变部位,提高药物作用浓度,使药物能够获得很好的扩散效果,从而可以到达更远的肠区域,而且还可以避免胃酸与消化酶对药物的影响,既解决了患者的服药困难,又充分发挥药效,减少对上消化道的刺激,具有疗效确切,操作简单,安全等优点。
复方黄柏液涂剂,是山东汉方制药有限公司独家自主知识产权产品,国药准字Z10950097,是国内首创的新型外用中药制剂。处方中主要成分为:连翘、黄柏、金银花、蒲公英、蜈蚣。具有清热解毒,消肿止痛,祛腐生肌,抗革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、消炎和促进伤口愈合的作用,还具有提高非特异性免疫力、增强单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的作用。适用于骨髓炎、骨结核窦道、脉管炎、结直肠炎等疑难病,是临床化脓性感染、抗菌消炎的特效外用药物。目前复方黄柏液涂剂用于临床的剂型主要是外用液体制剂,在临床上采用液体剂型灌肠治疗结直肠炎,使药物在病灶部位滞留时间短、疗效不能充分发挥,并且久置会有部分沉淀析出,导致药效降低,生物利用度降低。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,为解决复方黄柏液涂剂用于灌肠治疗结直肠炎的制剂缺点,提高药物的作用时间,充分发挥药物的疗效,本发明提供了一种治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,并提供了其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,是由以下重量百分数的原料和辅料组成的:复方黄柏流浸膏,5%;泊洛沙姆407,17~21%;泊洛沙姆188,2~4%;Transcutol P,3~10%;防腐剂(比如山梨酸钾),0~0.2%;余量为水。
优选的,是由以下重量百分数的原料和辅料组成的:复方黄柏流浸膏,5%;泊洛沙姆407,19%;泊洛沙姆188,2%;Transcutol P,5%;山梨酸钾,0.1%;余量为水。
所述复方黄柏流浸膏,是通过以下方法制备得到的:
(1)取连翘80份,黄柏40份,金银花40份,蒲公英40份,蜈蚣2.4份(按重量份计),混合,加水煎煮提取三次:第一次加6倍量(重量倍数,下同)水煎煮1小时,第二次加6倍量水煎煮45分钟,第三次加3倍量水煎煮30分钟;合并三次的煎液,过滤,65℃~75℃减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15(50℃测)的清膏;
(2)向上述清膏中加95%乙醇溶液,使含乙醇量达70%(含醇浓度),4~10℃冷藏静置24小时,过滤,滤液65℃~75℃减压浓缩至无醇味,即得复方黄柏流浸膏。
所述治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂的制备方法,为:向复方黄柏流浸膏中加入泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、Transcutol P、山梨酸钾和水,搅拌均匀,于4℃放置至呈可自由流动的半透明溶液,即得。
本发明的治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,采用泊洛沙姆407(简称P407)作为温敏凝胶基质,泊洛沙姆407具有表面活性,良好的安全性,而且一定浓度的P407聚合物溶液还具有低温时为液体、温度升高时转变成凝胶的反向热胶凝特性,P407浓度越高,凝胶黏度越高,胶凝温度越低,黏附作用力越强。采用泊洛沙姆188作为胶凝温度调节剂。采用Transcutol P作为增溶剂和吸收促进剂(复方黄柏流浸膏中有效成分盐酸小檗碱的水溶性差,易析出,因此需要解决盐酸小檗碱难溶的问题),Transcutol P是一种油状的水溶性液体,无刺激性,具有良好的皮肤耐受性,作为活性物增溶剂和吸收促进剂广泛应用于溶液、凝胶、乳膏、软膏等剂型中。
本发明的药物,剂型为温敏凝胶灌肠剂,与一般灌肠剂相比,它具有特殊的优点:由于使用可溶性凝胶辅料制成的温敏凝胶制剂,常温状态下是溶液状态,灌肠给药后在腔道体温的作用下发生相转变,成为半固体的凝胶状态,能产生润滑效果,易为患者接受;用量小,起效快,使用方便;具有较高的生物利用度。温敏凝胶剂灌肠治疗结直肠炎因其容易保留,并很少引起腹胀和不适,对轻中型病人的安全性和承受力较好。与国内外其他同类产品比较,本发明具有相当大的资源优势与技术优势,所用中药材均为普通药材,辅料为普通药用辅料,供应质量能够保证。采用传统的中药提取技术为主,与醇沉水沉分离技术、温敏凝胶剂制备工艺等有机结合,使中药有效成分、药用辅料有机结合,充分发挥药效。具有相当大的社会效益与经济效益。
本发明的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,通过直肠给药治疗结直肠炎,其优点如下:
(1)药物易被直肠吸收,起效快,生物利用度高;
(2)大部分药物能够有效储存到病灶部位,避免液体剂型的易流失、使用不便、药效持续时间较短的缺点;
(3)给药简便易行,又安全有效,提高了给药的顺应性;
(4)直肠给药剂量准确,在病灶部位快速形成凝胶,延长药物滞留时间,发挥长效作用;制剂所用高分子材料可生物降解,无需处理,方便,安全;
(5)减少住院时间,节约有限的卫生资源。
本发明的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,通过温敏凝胶直肠给药,具有以下优势:
①直肠给药后药物直接进入血液循环,最接近注射给药快速吸收起到疗效的作用,发挥其速效的同时,还降低了毒性,减少不良反应;
②将制备成温敏凝胶的药物,通过粘膜给药可以避开胃肠道的消化及肝脏的首过效应,使得用最少的药物剂量达到最大的治疗效果,即生物利用度高;
③温敏凝胶独特的溶胶-凝胶转变性能,使其具有制备简单的特点,易于生产;
④温敏凝胶高度亲水的三维网络结构使药物束缚于其中或其间隙中,有良好的生物粘附性和亲和力,使其具有良好的缓释或控释的性能;
⑤通过直肠给药途径,温敏凝胶良好的组织相容性,可以提高病人的顺应性,易与被患者接受。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
下述实施例中所涉及的仪器、试剂、材料等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规仪器、试剂、材料等,可通过正规商业途径获得。下述实施例中所涉及的实验方法,检测方法等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规实验方法,检测方法等。
实施例1复方黄柏液灌肠剂的研制
(一)材料与方法
1.1仪器
电热套、旋转蒸发仪、冰箱、烘箱、电子天平、磁力搅拌器等。
1.2材料与试药
连翘:为木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl的干燥果实。
黄柏:为芸香科植物黄皮树Phellodendron chinense Schneid.的干燥树皮。
金银花:为忍冬科植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thunb.的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。
蒲公英:为菊科植物蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.、碱地蒲公英Taraxacum borealisinense Kitam.或同属数种植物的干燥全草。
蜈蚣:为蜈蚣科动物少棘巨蜈蚣Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch的干燥体。
上述药材均符合《中国药典》2015版一部各药材项下规定。
1.3复方黄柏液原料药制备
1.3.1复方黄柏液处方:连翘80重量份,黄柏40重量份,金银花40重量份,蒲公英40重量份,蜈蚣2.4重量份。
1.3.2提取工艺
(1)按重量组分称取处方中的五味中药,加水煎煮提取三次,第一次加6倍量水煎煮1小时,第二次加6倍量水煎煮45分钟,第三次加3倍量水煎煮30分钟;
(2)煎液合并,过滤,65~75℃减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15(温度为50℃测量)的清膏;
(3)加乙醇使含乙醇量达70%,4~10℃冷藏静置24小时,过滤,滤液65~75℃减压浓缩至无醇味,得复方黄柏醇沉后流浸膏。
1.4复方黄柏温敏凝胶剂制备
影响胶凝温度的因素主要有复方黄柏流浸膏、凝胶基质的比例等。
1.4.1温敏凝胶基质温度调节剂筛选
1.4.1.1以泊洛沙姆188作为温度调节剂
称取适量的泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188,置于烧杯中,加蒸馏水50ml,配制成表1中以下浓度,搅拌均匀,于4℃放置至可自由流动的半透明溶液,测定其胶凝温度。
表1
17%P407 | 17%P407+2%P188 | 17%P407+3%P188 | 17%P407+4%P188 | |
胶凝温度℃ | 25.6 | 38.5 | 40.1 | 41.7 |
根据表1结果可知,随着P188的增加,温敏凝胶的胶凝温度上升,凝胶状态的粘度增加。
1.4.1.2以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为温度调节剂
称取适量的泊洛沙姆407和聚乙二醇,置于烧杯中,加蒸馏水50ml,配制成表2中以下浓度,搅拌均匀,于4℃放置至可自由流动的半透明溶液,测定其胶凝温度。
表2
17%P407 | 17%P407+2%PEG | 17%P407+3%PEG | 17%P407+4%PEG | |
胶凝温度℃ | 25.8 | 29.3 | 33.1 | -- |
根据表2结果可知,加入PEG使P407溶液相转变温度逐渐升高,粘度降低,当加入PEG的量超过3%时,导致P407其失去胶凝能力。
1.4.1.3以甘油作为温度调节剂
称取适量的泊洛沙姆407和甘油,置于烧杯中,加蒸馏水50ml,配制成表3中以下浓度,搅拌均匀,于4℃放置至可自由流动的半透明溶液,测定其胶凝温度。
表3
17%P407 | 17%P407+2%甘油 | 17%P407+3%甘油 | 17%P407+4%甘油 | |
胶凝温度℃ | 25.8 | 23.4 | 22.1 | 20.5 |
根据表3结果可知,甘油的加入使P407胶凝温度降低,粘度增大。
综合分析上述三种温度调节剂,结合人体直肠内温度,选择P188作为温敏凝胶的温度调节剂。用量为2%~4%。
1.4.2增溶剂的筛选
通过观察温敏凝胶外观溶液的澄清度及离心稳定性来筛选最佳增溶剂。
称取适量泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188和复方黄柏流浸膏3份,将泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188加入到复方黄柏流浸膏中,边加边搅拌,混合均匀,加入不同种类的增溶剂(丙二醇、吐温-80、Transcutol P),于4℃放置至可自由流动的半透明溶液,即成温敏凝胶。观察温敏凝剂的外观及离心稳定性考察最佳增溶剂的选择(结果如表4所示)。
表4
由表4可以看出,增溶剂为Transcutol P时,效果最佳,因此,本发明中的最佳增溶剂为Transcutol P。
1.4.3复方黄柏流浸膏浓度筛选
将泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188加入到复方黄柏流浸膏中,边加边搅拌,混合均匀,混匀后于4℃放置至可自由流动的半透明溶液,即成温敏凝胶。
胶凝温度的测定:采用搅拌子法测定温敏凝胶的胶凝温度。取含药温敏凝胶液于烧杯中,将温度计放于温敏凝胶溶液中。将烧杯放于可加热的磁力搅拌器上,缓慢升温,当磁力搅拌子完全停止转动的温度即为温敏凝胶的胶凝温度。平均测定3次,取平均值。
按表5处方设计制备温敏凝胶,考察复方黄柏流浸膏的量对胶凝温度的影响。
表5
由实验结果可知:随着复方黄柏流浸膏含量的增加,胶凝温度有所下降。
1.4.4温敏凝胶基质比例对胶凝温度的影响
按表6处方设计制备温敏凝胶,考察泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188的量对胶凝温度的影响。
表6
由表6数据可知:P407的比例增加,胶凝温度降低,P188的比例增加,胶凝温度升高。
1.5最佳复方黄柏温敏凝胶的制备
根据上述影响温敏凝胶胶凝温度的各因素考察,优选出最佳制备处方如下(表7)。
表7
根据上述优选的最佳处方制备3批复方黄柏微型灌肠剂,胶凝温度分别为37.3℃、37.5℃、37.5℃,其RSD值小于2%,可知此优选的处方稳定可行。
优选的最佳处方制备的温敏凝胶的胶凝温度与人体的直肠温度一致,可用于灌肠给药治疗结直肠炎。
(二)温敏凝胶质量标准研究
2.1外观:常温放置状态下为均匀的红棕色透明液体。
2.2pH检查:
取温敏凝胶适量,于常温条件下测定其pH值,测定结果为4.87,在规定的pH范围内,符合要求。
2.3含量测定
处方中有效成分盐酸小檗碱和连翘苷含量测定结果(如表8所示)。
表8
名称 | 批号 | pH | 盐酸小檗碱含量 | 连翘苷含量 |
复方黄柏温敏凝胶 | 160323 | 4.87 | 124.38ug/ml | 237.82ug/ml |
(三)稳定性考察
3.1影响因素试验
3.1.1高温试验
取同一批自制的复方黄柏温敏凝胶适量,置于60℃下放置10天,分别于0天、5天、10天取样,考察其外观性状和指标性成分含量。结果发现其性状发生明显变化,有异味产生,指标性成分的含量显著减少。表明高温对温敏凝胶有影响,贮存时应避开高温条件。
3.1.2高湿试验
取同一批自制复方黄柏温敏凝胶适量,于25℃置于相对湿度为75%条件下,放置10天,分别于0天、5天、10天取样,考察其外观性状及指标性成分含量。结果发现其性状和指标性成分的含量基本没有变化。表明湿度对此温敏凝胶没有显著性影响。
3.1.3低温试验
取同一批自制复方黄柏温敏凝胶适量,置于4℃冷藏条件下,放置10天,分别于0天、5天、10天取样,考察其外观性状及指标性成分含量。结果发现其性状和指标性成分的含量基本没有变化。表明冷藏条件对此温敏凝胶没有显著性影响。
3.1.4强光照试验
取同一批自制复方黄柏温敏凝胶适量,置于4500±500lux光照条件下,放置10天,分别于0天、5天、10天取样,考察其外观性状及指标性成分含量。结果发现其外观溶液颜色变深,指标性成分的含量有所下降。表明光照是影响制剂稳定性的因素,应避光保存。
结论:影响因素试验表明高温及光照条件下,复方黄柏温敏凝胶制剂的外观和指标性成分的含量有明显的变化,说明高温及强光照对制剂的稳定性产生明显的不利影响,而高湿和低温对制剂的稳定性影响较小。综上结果分析,此自制温敏凝胶室温下应避光保存。
实施例2复方黄柏液灌肠剂的初步药效学试验
上述制备的复方黄柏温敏凝胶,对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎动物模型进行了试验,具体实验如下:
试验动物分组:取体重180g~220g的雄性大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和复方黄柏温敏凝胶组。
溃疡性结肠炎模型制备及给药:随机选取10只大鼠作为空白对照组,其余大鼠禁食不禁水24小时后,麻醉,配置三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)乙醇溶液(乙醇浓度33%),充分混匀,用特殊的硅胶管将其导入大鼠距肛门约8cm的结肠内,第一次每只大鼠约灌注1ml溶液,若有溢出可适当补充0.2~0.3ml(含TNBS20mg~30mg),提尾法保持大鼠倒立3min,入笼静养;间隔20天后对存活的大鼠再次给予10mg~15mg TNBS同发灌肠,进行二次造模。空白对照组和模型对照组大鼠正常饲养,复方黄柏温敏凝胶组于第二次造模后次日开始给予黄柏温敏凝胶2ml灌肠治疗,每日1次,连续14d。
观察指标:
(1)一般状态:给药后每日观察大鼠的精神状态、活动、外观特征。
(2)结肠损伤评分:停药后次日处死动物,剪开大鼠腹腔,取回盲肠部至肛门结肠,测量长度并称重后,将结肠沿纵轴剪开,用生理盐水将内容物冲洗干净,平坦于器皿中,进行评分:无炎症和溃疡(0),局部充血但无溃疡(1),有溃疡但无充血和肠壁增厚(2),溃疡且有一处炎症(3),两个溃疡和炎症以上(4),主要炎症部位直径大于1cm(5),主要炎症部位直径超过2cm(6~10);无粘结(0),小粘结(1),大粘结(2);无腹泻(0),有腹泻(1)。
试验结果:
(1)一般情况:第一次造模后大鼠均出现严重腹泻、卷曲、毛色黯淡等情况,部分动物死亡,持续一周。二次造模后,绝大多数大鼠重复出现严重腹泻、卷曲、毛色黯淡、竖毛、少动等现象。模型对照组给药两周内,持续出现腹泻现象,卷曲懒动、毛色黯淡,复方黄柏温敏凝胶组经给药后第4~6天状态较模型对照组减轻,大多数动物两周后均少见腹泻现象,且均较模型组更为好动,毛色更光亮。正常组与模型对照组、复方黄柏温敏凝胶组每日进食量无显著差别;但模型对照组大鼠饮水量持续少于空白组和复方黄柏温敏凝胶组;模型对照组和复方黄柏温敏凝胶组的大鼠体重均明显低于正常组大鼠,但变化趋势与正常组相同,模型对照组大鼠从第2天开始,体重低于复方黄柏温敏凝胶组,并在给药期间持续低于复方黄柏温敏凝胶组和空白组。说明复方黄柏温敏凝胶组大鼠较模型组相比,状态有所好转,体重上升。
(2)粘膜损伤及评分
观察给药14天后各组结肠粘膜照片,参照文献标准进行评分(结果如表9所示)。模型组大鼠结肠粘膜损伤严重,溃疡面较大,发炎严重,有4只大鼠腹腔内出现严重粘连,大多数均有不同程度的腹泻情况,复方黄柏温敏凝胶组与模型组相比,粘膜损伤情况减轻,均未发现明显肠粘连现象;模型组有1只大鼠恢复正常,证明大鼠对TNBS造模剂损伤具有一定的自愈作用;对粘膜的评分可知,模型组得分最高,其余各给药组均较模型组明显降低。综合比较复方黄柏温敏凝胶对于溃疡性结肠炎大鼠具有很好的治疗效果。
表9给药14天后大鼠结肠粘膜损伤评分表(n=10)
结论:试验结果显示,复方黄柏温敏凝胶对于大鼠溃疡性结肠炎有较好的治疗效果,可作为灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,其特征在于:是由以下重量百分数的原料和辅料组成的:复方黄柏流浸膏,5%;泊洛沙姆407,19%;泊洛沙姆188,2%;TranscutolP,5%;防腐剂,0~0.2%;余量为水;
所述复方黄柏流浸膏,是通过以下方法制备得到的:
(1)取连翘80份,黄柏40份,金银花40份,蒲公英40份,蜈蚣2.4份,混合,加水煎煮提取三次:第一次加6倍量水煎煮1小时,第二次加6倍量水煎煮45分钟,第三次加3倍量水煎煮30分钟;合并三次的煎液,过滤,65℃~75℃减压浓缩至在50℃测得相对密度为1.10~1.15的清膏;
(2)向上述清膏中加乙醇或乙醇溶液,使含乙醇量达70%,4~10℃冷藏静置24小时,过滤,滤液65℃~75℃减压浓缩至无醇味,即得复方黄柏流浸膏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂,其特征在于:所述防腐剂选自山梨酸钾。
3.权利要求1或2所述的治疗结直肠炎的复方黄柏液灌肠剂的制备方法,其特征在于:向复方黄柏流浸膏中加入泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、TranscutolP、山梨酸钾和水,搅拌均匀,于4℃放置至呈可自由流动的半透明溶液,即得。
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