CN105998215A - 一种金莲花提取物及其制备方法与含其制剂 - Google Patents
一种金莲花提取物及其制备方法与含其制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105998215A CN105998215A CN201610317716.3A CN201610317716A CN105998215A CN 105998215 A CN105998215 A CN 105998215A CN 201610317716 A CN201610317716 A CN 201610317716A CN 105998215 A CN105998215 A CN 105998215A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种金莲花提取物及其制备方法与含其制剂。该金莲花提取物,含有总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸,其制备方法包括将金莲花水煎煮液或醇水煎煮液深层过滤,采用絮凝澄清剂进行澄清;所述絮凝澄清剂为Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂;或者所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成。本发明采用深层过滤联合絮凝沉淀技术去除杂质,既有效去除了鞣质等大分子物质,又有效的保留了黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸等有效成分,提高了提取物的有效成分含量,提取物的抑菌活性和体外抗病毒活性更强。本发明提供的制备方法简单、节能、环保、有机残留低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种金莲花提取物及其制备方法与含其制剂。
背景技术
金莲花是一种常用中药材,收载于《中国药典》1977年版,为毛茛科植物金莲花Trollius chinensis Bunge的干燥花。具有治疗口疮,喉肿,浮热牙宣,耳疼目痛,明目,解岚瘴。现代药理学研究证明金莲花具有抗病毒、抗菌等作用。近年来临床应用治疗急性化脓性扁桃体炎、上呼吸道感染、咽炎、急性肠炎、急性支气管炎等。金莲花的化学成分主要为黄酮、生物碱、有机酸等。金莲花黄酮类含量最高,但是生物利用度差;生物碱类含量最低,但是生物活性强;酚酸类含量居中,又具有相关生物活性,容易被机体吸收利用。
金莲花口服制剂的提取工艺多沿用部版药品标准WS3-B-3257-98中的制备方法,采用金莲花加水煎煮,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩,干燥制得提取物或制备成口服液等。目前以金莲花为原料的口服制剂均为粗提物,普遍存在服用量过大,药效不显著的缺点。张国刚报道了金莲花提取物的制备方法(CN103623075 A),采用乙醇水提取,浓缩,用大孔吸附树脂或聚酰胺树脂进行吸附分离,制得金莲花提取物。所述方法制得金莲花提取物中总黄酮含量达50%以上,并发现了金莲花提取物治疗病毒性疾病的药效物质。但是此方法具有生产周期长、成本高、有机残留多等缺点。
絮凝技术是在中药提取液中加入一种絮凝沉淀剂以吸附架桥和电中和方式与蛋白质、果胶等发生分子间作用,使之沉降,除去溶液中的粗粒子,以达到精制和提高成品质量目的的一项新技术。絮凝技术以其成本低、周期短、残留少等优点在中药制药工业中展现了良好的应用前景。
深层过滤一般是由纤维素和助滤剂构成的滤材,过滤介质空隙形成的通道曲折和细长,随着纵向深度扩展其孔径逐渐紧密。由此大的杂质颗粒物可被阻挡在表面,小的颗粒杂质随着粒径大小不同,被拦截在滤材纵向不同梯度上,保证了稳定的流速和极大的容污能力。
滴丸剂采用固体分散技术制备,能增加药物的分散度、溶出度和溶解度,从而提高生物利用度。对于难溶或不溶性药物来说滴丸剂的优点更突出。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有制备工艺的不足,提供一种金莲花提取物及其制备方法与含其制剂。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种金莲花提取物,含有总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸。
优选地,所述金莲花提取物中总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸的重量比为(155-185):1:(1.5-2.5),且总黄酮的含量以芦丁计为40.0%-65.0%。
进一步优选地,所述金莲花提取物中总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸的重量比为(160-182.2):1:(2-2.2),且总黄酮的含量以芦丁计为41.9%-60.8%。
本发明还提供上述金莲花提取物的制备方法,包括将金莲花水煎煮液或醇水煎煮液深层过滤,采用絮凝澄清剂进行澄清;所述絮凝澄清剂为Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂(由A组分和B组分组成);或者所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成。
具体地,上述金莲花提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将金莲花水煎煮液或醇水煎煮液深层过滤,将滤液浓缩得浓缩液;
2)向步骤1)所得浓缩液中加入絮凝澄清剂,静置后进行分离,收集药液;
所述絮凝澄清剂为Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂(由A组分和B组分组成);
或者所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成;
3)将步骤2)所得药液浓缩,减压干燥,即得所述金莲花提取物。
上述制备方法,其中,
步骤1)所述金莲花水煎煮液或醇水煎煮液可由现有常规技术制备;或由现有技术常规金莲花水提取物、醇水提取物经复水而制备得到。所述金莲花水煎煮液优选的制备方法包括将金莲花加6-10倍重量的水,浸泡1-2小时,煎煮2次,每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液,即得。
步骤1)所述浓缩方法优选为减压浓缩,浓缩温度优选为60-70℃。
步骤1)所述浓缩液相对密度优选为0.95-1.05(60℃时测定)。
步骤1)所述深层过滤可用深层过滤器,其滤芯包括石英砂、木质纤维素、硅藻土等中的一种或几种;优选滤芯为木质纤维素。进一步地,所述深层过滤选用0.1-1.0μm孔径的的滤芯(或过滤器),优选0.1-0.5μm孔径的滤芯(或过滤器)。进一步地,所述深层过滤压力优选为1.2-2.0bar;所述深层过滤流速优选为3-5L/min。
步骤2)中:
优选地,所述Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中B组分和A组分的重量比例为2-10:1-4;进一步优选为3:1。
优选地,所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成,其中B组分和壳聚糖的重量比为3-5:1;进一步优选为3:1。
优选地,所述絮凝澄清剂的用量为4%-20%。
本发明所述絮凝澄清剂的用量是指所述絮凝澄清剂占所述浓缩液重量或占所述金莲花水煎煮液或醇水煎煮液重量的百分比。
优选地,澄清温度为50-60℃。
步骤3)所述浓缩优选为减压浓缩,浓缩温度优选为60-70℃;优选地,浓缩至药液相对密度为1.10-1.20(60℃时测定);所述减压干燥温度小于70℃,优选为55-65℃。
更具体地,上述金莲花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将金莲花加6-10倍重量的水,浸泡1-2小时,煎煮2次,每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液,得金莲花水煎煮液;
将金莲花水煎煮液深层过滤,将滤液于60-70℃减压浓缩至相对密度0.95-1.05(60℃时测定),得浓缩液;其中,所述深层过滤的滤芯为孔径0.1-1.0μm的木质纤维素;所述深层过滤压力为1.2-2.0bar,流速为3-5L/min;
2)向步骤1)所得浓缩液中加入浓缩液重量4%-20%的絮凝澄清剂,静置后进行分离,收集药液;澄清温度为50-60℃;
所述絮凝澄清剂为Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂,其中B组分和A组分的重量比例为2-10:1-4;优选为3:1;
或者所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成,其中B组分和壳聚糖的重量比为3-5:1;优选为3:1;
3)将步骤2)所得药液于60-70℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.10-1.20(60℃时测定),于55-65℃减压干燥,即得所述金莲花提取物。
本发明所述Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂由北京正天成澄清技术有限公司提供。
本发明还包括按上述方法制备的金莲花提取物。
本发明还提供了含上述金莲花提取物的制剂,该制剂由金莲花提取物和药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂组成。
所述药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂是指药学领域常规的药物载体,选自填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、润湿剂、溶剂、表面活性剂或矫味剂中的一种或几种。
所述填充剂选自淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、微晶纤维素或葡萄糖等;
所述粘合剂选自纤维素衍生物、藻酸盐、淀粉、糊精、明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;
所述崩解剂选自微晶纤维素、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、低取代羟丙基纤维素或交联羧甲基纤维素钠;
所述润滑剂选自硬脂酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、微粉硅胶、滑石粉或硬脂酸镁;
所述助悬剂选自微粉硅胶、蜂蜡、纤维素、固态聚乙二醇;
所述润湿剂选自甘油、吐温-80、乙氧基氢化蓖麻油或卵磷脂;
所述溶剂选自乙醇、液态聚乙二醇、异丙醇、吐温-80、甘油、丙二醇或植物油,所述植物油选自大豆油、蓖麻油、花生油、调和油等;
所述表面活性剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钠、硬脂酸、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物、脂肪酸山梨坦或聚山梨酯(吐温)等;
所述矫味剂选自阿斯巴甜、蔗糖素、香精、柠檬酸或糖精钠。
所述制剂优选为滴丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂。
所述制剂优选为滴丸剂,所述片剂为普通片剂、糖衣片或薄膜衣片。
本发明还提供上述滴丸剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将金莲花提取物和基质按重量比1:2-5混匀后,进行滴制,制得到金莲花滴丸。
上述滴丸剂的制备方法中,所述基质为聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000、泊洛沙姆等中的一种或两种的混合物。
优选地,将所述基质加热后,再与金莲花提取物充分搅拌、混匀。
所述滴丸剂的制备可在有密闭储料罐的滴丸机设备上滴制而成。
优选地,每100g滴丸剂中含金莲花提取物20g-30g,总黄酮含量以芦丁计应为8g-19.5g;金莲花碱应为0.04g-0.12g;藜芦酸应为0.06g-0.31g。
本发明还提供上述金莲花提取物或含其制剂在制备治疗急、慢性扁桃体炎,急性中耳炎,急性鼓膜炎,急性结膜炎,急性淋巴管炎的药物中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下技术优势:首先采用深层过滤联合絮凝沉淀技术去除杂质,既有效去除了鞣质等大分子物质,又有效的保留了黄酮、金莲花碱(生物碱)和藜芦酸(有机酸)等类的有效成分,提高了提取物的有效成分含量使金莲花提取物总黄酮含量在40%以上(紫外-可见分光光度法)。常规Ⅱ型ZTC1+1天然澄清剂的使用方法是A组分和B组分按一定比例添加,本发明惊讶的发现将Ⅱ型ZTC1+1天然澄清剂的B组分和壳聚糖配合使用时,所得金莲花提取物总黄酮含量更高,提取物的抑菌活性更强;其次体外抑菌活性和体外抗病毒活性明显优于现有技术。本发明提供的制备方法简单、节能、环保、有机残留低。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道商购买得到的常规产品。金莲花提取物中总黄酮含量测定采用紫外可见分光光度法(参考文献:谭晓虹,方秀梅.金莲花中总黄酮含量的测定[J].张家口医学院学报,2002,19(6):37.)。金莲花碱含量测定采用高效液相色谱法(参考文献:王如峰,马群,杨继峰.HPLC测定金莲花中金莲花碱的含量[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(2):247)。藜芦酸含量测定采用高效液相色谱法(参考文献:杨晶凡,张贵君,张春晖,等.金莲花不同煎煮方法水提取液中4种药效组分含量和比例的测定[J].中国现代中药,2009,11(4):32)体外抑菌活性和体外抗病毒活性试验方法参照林秋凤等报道文献,金莲花抑菌抗病毒活性成分的初步研究(林秋凤,冯顺卿,李药兰,等.金莲花抑菌抗病毒活性成分的初步研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2004,31(4):412)。
实施例1
一种金莲花提取物,含有总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸;其中金莲花提取物中总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸的重量比为182.2:1:2.2,且总黄酮的含量以芦丁计为41.9%。
该金莲花提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将金莲花加10倍重量的水,浸泡1小时,煎煮2次,每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液,得金莲花水煎煮液;将金莲花水煎煮液深层过滤,将滤液于70℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.05(60℃时测定),得浓缩液;其中,所述深层过滤的滤芯为孔径0.1-0.5μm的木质纤维素;所述深层过滤压力为1.2-2.0bar,流速为3-5L/min;
2)向步骤1)所得浓缩液中加入浓缩液重量8%的絮凝澄清剂,静置后进行分离,收集药液;
所述絮凝澄清剂为Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂,其中B组分和A组分的重量比例为3:1;
3)将步骤2)所得药液于70℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.20(60℃时测定),于65℃减压干燥,即得所述金莲花提取物。
实施例2
一种金莲花提取物,含有总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸;其中金莲花提取物中总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸的重量比为160:1:2,且总黄酮的含量以芦丁计为60.8%。
该金莲花提取物的制备方法与实施例1的区别仅在于步骤2)所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成,其中B组分和壳聚糖的重量比为3:1。
对比例3
参照CN201310634820.1金莲花提取物的制备方法中实施例3制备金莲花提取物。金莲花加16倍量的78%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并乙醇提取液,回收乙醇溶剂并浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.15的浓缩液,静置,滤过,备用。将浓缩后的药液加入已处理好的D101大孔吸附树脂(金莲花药材量的2倍)吸附6小时。吸附药液的大孔吸附树脂柱用5倍柱床体积水洗后再用10倍柱床体积的50%乙醇洗脱,收集醇洗脱液,回收醇,干燥,粉碎,过筛,得金莲花提取物。
实验例1
将金莲花加10倍重量的水,浸泡1小时,煎煮2次,每次1小时,过滤,合并滤液,得金莲花水煎煮液;分别按不同方法进行澄清处理,然后将澄清后所得药液于70℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.20(60℃时测定),于65℃减压干燥,制得金莲花提取物。检测金莲花提取中总黄酮的含量,比较不同方法的影响。具体澄清处理方法及检测结果见下表1。
表1
注:对比例1深层过滤方法与实施例1相同,但不包括加入絮凝澄清剂进行澄清的步骤;对比例2不包括深层过滤处理的步骤,其絮凝澄清处理方法与实施例1相同;部颁标准方法:将金莲花水煎煮液(不进行澄清处理)于70℃减压浓缩至相对密度1.20(60℃时测定),于65℃减压干燥,制得金莲花提取物。
上表1结果表明,仅使用深层过滤或絮凝沉淀方法金莲花提取物中总黄酮含量提高不明显,而两种方法联合使用后总黄酮含量大幅度提高;絮凝沉淀中联合使用Ⅱ型ZTC1+1天然澄清剂的B组分和壳聚糖对总黄酮含量提高更大。实施例2与对比例3相比较虽然总黄酮含量稍低,但是金莲花碱和藜芦酸的含量较高,说明在一定程度上保存了生物碱类和酚酸类物质。
实验例2体外抑菌活性试验
采用微量稀释法。在96孔微量板中依次加入MH肉汤对倍稀释的供试液50μl以及各菌液(菌落形成单位为1.5×106/ml)50μl,于35℃培养20-22h,加入5%TTC5μl,继续培养1-3h,观察细菌的生长,孔显红色表明有细菌生长。结果判断以无可见细菌生长的最低药物浓度为药物对试验菌的最小抑制浓度(MIC)。供试金莲花提取物各组别的制备方法与实验例1相同。实验结果见下表2。
表2金莲花提取物最小抑菌浓度(μg/mL)
实验结果表明,仅深层过滤或絮凝沉淀技术制备的提取物与部颁标准方法相比抑菌作用无显著差异(P>0.05),两种技术联合应用制备的提取物与部颁标准方法相比抑菌作用有差异(P<0.05),其中絮凝沉淀使用ZTC1+1-Ⅱ型B组分和壳聚糖制备的提取物与部颁标准方法相比抑菌作用有显著差异(P<0.01)。实施例2与对比例3相比较,对藤黄微球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用相当,对表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用更明显。
实验例2体外抗病毒活性试验
1、病毒与细胞:呼吸道和胞病毒(RSV)、副流感3型病毒(para3)、Hep-2细胞(喉癌细胞)、A型流感病毒(FluA)
2、细胞毒性评价:在96孔板上进行,通过观察供试液对Hep-2细胞的细胞病变情况(CPE)得到。
3、抗病毒活性评价:在96孔板上进行,供试液以最大非细胞毒性浓度(MNCC)为初始浓度进行对半稀释,再加入病毒混悬液(100TCID50)。在CO2培养箱中37℃培养2-5天后,观察Hep-2细胞病变(CPE)情况。供试金莲花提取物各组别的制备方法与实验例1相同。实验结果见下表3。
表3金莲花提取物体外抗病毒活性结果
注:IC50为对病毒的半抑制浓度(μg/ml);TC50为对细胞的半毒性浓度(μg/ml);TI为治疗指数,TI=TC50/IC50。
实验结果表明,深层过滤联合絮凝澄清技术制备的提取物(实施例1、2)抗病毒作用较部颁标准方法、仅深层过滤(对比例1)、仅絮凝澄清(对比例2)、大孔树脂分离(对比例3)方法增强。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种金莲花提取物,含有总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸;其中,总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸的重量比为(155-185):1:(1.5-2.5),且总黄酮的含量以芦丁计为40.0%-65.0%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金莲花提取物,其特征在于,总黄酮、金莲花碱和藜芦酸的重量比为(160-182.2):1:(2-2.2),且总黄酮的含量以芦丁计为41.9%-60.8%。
3.权利要求1或2所述金莲花提取物的制备方法,包括将金莲花水煎煮液或醇水煎煮液深层过滤,采用絮凝澄清剂进行澄清;所述絮凝澄清剂为Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂;或者所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将金莲花水煎煮液或醇水煎煮液深层过滤,将滤液浓缩至相对密度0.95-1.05的浓缩液;
2)向步骤1)所得浓缩液中加入絮凝澄清剂,静置后进行分离,收集药液;所述澄清温度为50-60℃;
3)将步骤2)所得药液浓缩,减压干燥,即得所述金莲花提取物。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述深层过滤滤芯孔径0.1-1.0μm,优选0.1-0.5μm;所述滤芯包括石英砂、木质纤维素、硅藻土中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中B组分和A组分的重量比例为2-10:1-4;优选为3:1;
或者,所述絮凝澄清剂由Ⅱ型ZTCl+1天然澄清剂中的B组分和壳聚糖组成,其中B组分和壳聚糖的重量比为3-5:1;优选为3:1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述絮凝澄清剂的用量为4%-20%。
8.含权利要求1或2所述金莲花提取物的制剂,或含权利要求3-7任一项所述方法制备的金莲花提取物的制剂,该制剂由金莲花提取物和药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂组成;
所述制剂优选为滴丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂或颗粒剂;
所述滴丸剂的制备方法,包括将金莲花提取物和基质按重量比1:2-5混匀后,进行滴制;所述基质为聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000、泊洛沙姆中的一种或两种的混合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂为滴丸剂,每100g滴丸剂中含金莲花提取物20g-30g,总黄酮含量以芦丁计应为8g-19.5g;金莲花碱应为0.04g-0.12g;藜芦酸应为0.06g-0.31g。
10.权利要求1或2所述的金莲花提取物,或权利要求8或9所述的制剂在制备治疗急、慢性扁桃体炎,急性中耳炎,急性鼓膜炎,急性结膜炎,急性淋巴管炎的药物中的应用。
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