CN105948740A - 一种添加硅藻土及多种增韧剂的氧化锆生物陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种添加硅藻土及多种增韧剂的氧化锆生物陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105948740A
CN105948740A CN201610280004.9A CN201610280004A CN105948740A CN 105948740 A CN105948740 A CN 105948740A CN 201610280004 A CN201610280004 A CN 201610280004A CN 105948740 A CN105948740 A CN 105948740A
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华泽庆
华家玮
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将质量百分含量为60~70%的纳米氧化锆ZrO2粉、3~5%的纳米氧化钇Y2O3粉、10~20%的硅藻土粉、5~10%的纳米氧化铈CeO2粉、2~5%的纳米氧化镁MgO粉、1~3%的纳米氧化铒Er2O3粉及上述物料总质量的0.25%的聚氧化乙烯粉充分混合,得到混合粉末;将混合粉末经湿磨、烘干后,进行冷等静压处理,得到半成品块;将所述的半成品依次经过预烧结处理、切削处理和烧结处理,自然冷却后得到高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷材料。本发明制备的高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷材料具有较高韧性、化学稳定性、抗热震性、耐低温老化性,是代替以往陶瓷材料的更理想生物材料。

Description

一种添加硅藻土及多种增韧剂的氧化锆生物陶瓷材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物陶瓷材料领域,特别氧化锆陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物陶瓷是应用于生物材料的陶瓷,其不仅具有不锈钢、塑料的特性,而且与生物组织有良好的相容性和优异的亲和性。生物陶瓷根据其在生物体内的活性可分为惰性生物陶瓷、活性生物陶瓷和可降解生物陶瓷。其中,惰性生物陶瓷主要指化学性能稳定,与生物相容性好的陶瓷材料。惰性陶瓷材料的结构都比较稳定,分子中的键力较强,其主要包括氧化物陶瓷、非氧化物陶瓷、碳质材料等。是目前应用最广的生物陶瓷材料。
在众多惰性生物陶瓷材料中,氧化锆生物陶瓷材料是最晚开发出来的一种新型生物陶瓷材料,由于它具有优于以往任何生物陶瓷材料的物理、化学和生物性能使之成为该科研领域最前沿的热点研究材料,公认它是具有非常广阔的应用前景,会逐步取代其它惰性生物材料的新型材料,目前已广泛研发应用于口腔材料和人工关节植入材料。
但作为优秀惰性生物材料,氧化锆陶瓷材料也同其他陶瓷材料一样存在有许多需要研发改进的缺陷和问题需要解决。例如脆性问题,高温力学性能下降问题,低温潮湿环境下发生老化问题等。这些都需要通过改变其微观组成结构来研究克服。
本发明专利,就是通过在氧化锆材料中加入多种物质,诸如硅藻土、氧化铈、氧化钇、氧化镁、氧化铒等,从而改变其微观结构、形成更稳定的微观结构体的办法来改变和克服氧化锆的各种缺陷和问题,以达到制造出一种高稳定性,高韧性的氧化锆生物陶瓷材料,从而开发出更多性能优良、实用 性强、价格低廉的氧化锆生物陶瓷材料产品,比如更好的口腔材料,更好的人体关节植入材料等,以造福百姓,服务社会。
氧化锆具有多晶型,随温度而变化,一般存在如下多晶转变:
单斜ZrO2的晶格常数为:a=5.194×10-10m,b=5.266×10-10m
c=5.308×10-10m,β=80048′,理论密度为5.56g/cm3。四方ZrO2的晶格常数为:a=5.07×10-10m,c=5.16×10-10m,理论密度为6.10g/cm3。四方单斜ZrO2的相变属马氏体相变,相变过程伴随有约14%的晶格切变和3%~5%的体积效应。通过引入氧化物四方相稳定剂,四方相亚稳态在低于1000℃的温度范围内可以存在下来。利用这一效应和稳定剂的控制相变作用。可以使氧化锆材料达到增韧的效果,从而制造出高性能的陶瓷材料。
硅藻土是一种生物成因的硅质沉积岩,主要由古代硅藻及其他微体生物(放射虫、海绵等)的硅质遗骸组成,其主要成分为蛋白石及其变种,化学式为SiO2·H2O(含水氧化硅)。硅藻土中的硅藻有许多不同形状,如圆盘状、针状、筒状、羽状等,硅壳上有无数微细间隙小孔,孔隙率极高,达82%~90%,因此硅藻土有细腻、松散、质轻、多孔、吸水和渗透性强等特性。另外,它是热、电、声的不良导体,化学稳定性高,不溶于酸(除氢氟酸外),但能溶于强碱溶液中。
硅藻土的特殊结构构造,以及由此带来的特殊技术物理性能,使其广泛应用于轻工、化工、建材、石油、医药卫生等无机材料领域。
本发明的核心内容即是通过向氧化锆中引入硅藻土及各种氧化物如氧化铈、氧化钇、氧化镁、氧化铒等,从而改变氧化锆微观结构,制造出结构更稳定、性能更优良的氧化锆材料。
发明内容:
本发明解决的技术问题在于提供一种能克服以往氧化锆材料缺陷的新型高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷的制备方法,得到的氧化锆材料韧性更高、脆性更小、稳定性更好、更耐老化。
本发明公开了一种氧化锆生物陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(A)在助研磨添加剂的存在下将各组分原料混合,得到混合粉末;
各组分原料的质量百分含量为:
助研磨添加剂聚氧化乙烯加入量为上述各组分原料质量和的0.25%
(B)将步骤(A)所述的混合料粉末与氧化锆球及无水乙醇按:
混合料粉:乙醇:氧化锆球=1:1:1质量比例放入球磨机中,湿法研磨40—60小时磨成料浆。
(C)将步骤(B)所制的研磨料浆取出,放入80—90℃的烘干箱中,烘干成干粉。
(D)将步骤(C)所制的干粉,放入模具中,用等静压机以240—320MPa压力压制1.5—3小时,制成压型块。
(E)将步骤(D)所制的压型块放入预烧结炉中,以3—8℃/min升温速度升温到1000—1200℃,保温烧结2—4小时,再以3—8℃/min降温速度降 至室温,取出即为预烧结块。
(F)将步骤(E)所制的预烧结块用人工方法或用机械方法(如计算机辅助设计(CAD)/计算机辅助制造(CAM)系统方法加工成所需的切削形状块(如牙齿形状块或骨关节形状块)。
(G)将步骤(F)所制的切削形状块清理、烘干,放入烧结炉中以3—8℃/min升温速度升温到1450—1550℃保温烧结2—4小时,再以3—8℃/min降温速度降至室温,取出即为本发明所述的高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷产品。
优选的,所述步骤(A)中,所述纳米ZrO2的质量百分含量为55~65%。
优选的,所述步骤(A)中,所述纳米Y2O3的质量百分含量为3.5~4.5%。
优选的,所述步骤(A)中,所述硅藻土的质量百分含量为12~18%。
优选的,所述步骤(A)中,所述纳米CeO2的质量百分含量为6~8%。
优选的,所述步骤(A)中,所述纳米MgO的质量百分含量为3~4.5%。
优选的,所述步骤(A)中,所述纳米Er2O3的质量百分含量为1.5~2.5%。
优选的,所述步骤(B)中,所述湿法研磨时间为45—55小时。
优选的,所述步骤(C)中,所述烘干温度为78—85℃。
优选的,所述步骤(D)中,所述等静压压力为260—300MPa。
优选的,所述步骤(D)中,所述等静压压制时间为2—2.5小时。
优选的,所述步骤(E)中,预烧结炉升温速度为4—6℃/min。
优选的,所述步骤(E)中,预烧结炉降温速度为4—6℃/min。
优选的,所述步骤(E)中,预烧结炉保温烧结温度为1100—1150℃。
优选的,所述步骤(E)中,预烧结炉保温预烧结时间为2.5—3小时。
优选的,所述步骤(G)中,烧结炉升温速度为4—6℃/min。
优选的,所述步骤(G)中,烧结炉降温速度为4—6℃/min。
优选的,所述步骤(G)中,烧结炉保温烧结温度为1500—1530℃。
优选的,所述步骤(G)中,烧结炉保温预烧结时间为2.5—3小时。
与现有技术相比,本发明原料中的ZrO2与硅藻土、Y2O3、CeO2、MgO、Er2O3在研磨、烧结过程中相互作用,通过多种增韧剂的协同作用,使制成的高性能氧化锆材料具有更好的韧性、化学稳定性、生物相容性和低温耐老化性能,可作为骨代用品更好的服务人民。
实验结果表明:本发明制备的高性能氧化锆材料的断裂韧性可高达15—35MPa·m1/2
本发明制备的高性能氧化锆材料在300℃湿空气中500小时热处理后,发现其强度基本无变化,相对于目前现有市场上的TZP氧化锆增韧产品,在同等条件下热处理,强度会从实验前测值1000MPa降低30%,即300MPa左右。
根据情形相比较,本发明制备的高性能氧化锆陶瓷材料的抗低温老化性能大大提高。
按照ISO6872标准测量,其化学溶解率为0.2微克/cm2,远远低于标准限制。
具体实施方法:
现结合实施例对本发明提供的高性能氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法进行说明,本发明的保护范围不受以下实例限制。
实施例1:
(A)将各组分原料混合,得到混合粉末;
各组分的质量百分含量为:
(B)将步骤(A)所述的混合料粉末与氧化锆球及无水乙醇按:
混合料粉:乙醇:氧化锆球=1:1:1比例放入球磨机中,湿法研磨48小时磨成料浆。
(C)将步骤(B)所制的研磨料浆取出,放入80℃的烘干箱中,烘干成干粉。
(D)将步骤(C)所制的干粉,放入模具中,用等静压机以240MPa压力压制2小时,制成压型块。
(E)将步骤(D)所制的压型块放入预烧结炉中,以3℃/min升温速度升温到1000℃,保温烧结2小时,再以3℃/min降温速度降至室温,取出即为预烧结块。
(F)将步骤(E)所制的预烧结块用人工方法或用机械方法(如计算机辅助设计(CAD)/计算机辅助制造(CAM)系统方法加工成所需的切削形状块(如牙齿形状块或骨关节形状块)。
(G)将步骤(F)所制的切削形状块清理、烘干,放入烧结炉中以3℃/min升温速度升温到1450℃保温烧结2小时,再以3℃/min降温速度降至室温,取出即为本发明所述的高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷产品。
实施例2:
(A)将各组分原料混合,得到混合粉末;
各组分的质量百分含量为:
(B)将步骤(A)所述的混合料粉末与氧化锆球及无水乙醇按:
混合料粉:乙醇:氧化锆球=1:1:1比例放入球磨机中,湿法研磨48小时磨成料浆。
(C)将步骤(B)所制的研磨料浆取出,放入85℃的烘干箱中,烘干成干粉。
(D)将步骤(C)所制的干粉,放入模具中,用等静压机以300MPa压力压制3小时,制成压型块。
(E)将步骤(D)所制的压型块放入预烧结炉中,以5℃/min升温速度升温到1100℃,保温烧结3小时,再以5℃/min降温速度降至室温,取出即为预烧结块。
(F)将步骤(E)所制的预烧结块用人工方法或用机械方法(如计算机辅助设计(CAD)/计算机辅助制造(CAM)系统方法加工成所需的切削形状块(如牙齿形状块或骨关节形状块)。
(G)将步骤(F)所制的切削形状块清理、烘干,放入烧结炉中以4℃ /min升温速度升温到1500℃保温烧结3小时,再以4℃/min降温速度降至室温,取出即为本发明所述的高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷产品。
实施例3:
(A)将各组分原料混合,得到混合粉末;
各组分的质量百分含量为:
(B)将步骤(A)所述的混合料粉末与氧化锆球及无水乙醇按:
混合料粉:乙醇:氧化锆球=1:1:1比例放入球磨机中,湿法研磨48小时磨成料浆。
(C)将步骤(B)所述的研磨料浆取出,放入90℃的烘干箱中,烘干成干粉。
(D)将步骤(C)所述的干粉,放入模具中,用等静压机以280MPa压力压制2.5小时,制成压型块。
(E)将步骤(D)所述的压型块放入预烧结炉中,以4℃/min升温速度升温到1200℃,保温烧结3小时,再以4℃/min降温速度降至室温,取出即为预烧结块。
(F)将步骤(E)所述的预烧结块用人工方法或用机械方法(如计算机 辅助设计(CAD)/计算机辅助制造(CAM)系统方法加工成所需的切削形状块(如牙齿形状块或骨关节形状块)。
(G)将步骤(F)所述的切削形状块清理、烘干,放入烧结炉中以5℃/min升温速度升温到1530℃保温烧结4小时,再以5℃/min降温速度降至室温,取出即为本发明所述的高性能氧化锆生物陶瓷产品。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种氧化锆生物陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(A)在助研磨添加剂的存在下将各组分充分研磨,得到混合粉末;
各组分原料的质量百分含量为:
助研磨添加剂聚氧化乙烯加入量为上述各组分原料质量和的0.25%;
(B)将步骤(A)所述的混合料粉末与氧化锆球及无水乙醇放入球磨机中,湿法研磨成料浆;
(C)将步骤(B)所制的研磨料浆取出,放入烘干箱中,烘干成干粉;
(D)将步骤(C)所制的干粉,放入模具中,用等静压机压制,制成压型块;
(E)将步骤(D)所制的压型块放入预烧结炉中烧结为预烧结块;
(F)将步骤(E)所制的预烧结块加工成所需的切削形状块;
(G)将步骤(F)所制的切削形状块清理、烘干,放入烧结炉烧结,取出即为氧化锆生物陶瓷产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中,所述ZrO2的质量百分含量为55~65%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中,所述Y2O3的质量百分含量为3.5~4.5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中,所述硅藻土的质量百分含量为12~18%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中,所述CeO2的质量百分含量为6~8%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中,所述MgO的质量百分含量为3~4.5%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(A)中,所述Er2O3的质量百分含量为1.5~2.5%。
8.一种由权利要求1~7任意一项所述的制备方法制备的氧化锆生物陶瓷材料。
CN201610280004.9A 2016-04-29 2016-04-29 一种添加硅藻土及多种增韧剂的氧化锆生物陶瓷材料的制备方法 Pending CN105948740A (zh)

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