CN105934836A - 有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物及有机薄膜太阳能电池 - Google Patents
有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物及有机薄膜太阳能电池 Download PDFInfo
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- ZRQAIBMAFLMIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(thiophen-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CS1 ZRQAIBMAFLMIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBTDWUVVCOLMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 PBTDWUVVCOLMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
例如含有包含N,N'‑二苯基联苯胺的电荷传输性物质、电子接受性掺杂剂物质、和有机溶剂的组合物,赋予适于能够实现高光电转换效率的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层的薄膜,因此,作为有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物是适合的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物及有机薄膜太阳能电池。
背景技术
有机太阳能电池为在活性层或电荷传输性物质中使用了有机物的太阳能电池元件,众所周知的是由M.Gratzel开发的色素敏感太阳能电池和由C.W.Tang开发的有机薄膜太阳能电池(非专利文献1及2)。
其均为轻量、薄膜、且能够挠性化方面,能够以辊对辊生产的方面等,具有与目前主流的无机系太阳能电池不同的优点,因此,期待新的市场形成。
其中,有机薄膜太阳能电池(以下简称为OPV)具有无电解质、无重金属化合物等优点,而且因为最近由UCLA等团队进行了光电转换效率(以下简称为PCE)10.6%的报道等理由,而受到大的注目(非专利文献3)。
近年来,提倡可再生的能量的利用,其开发正在被加速。在OPV中,为了作为能量采集等器件早期实用化,正在进行研究。而且,进而预料其后在广范围的用途中普及。
但是,在OPV中作为阳极缓冲层经常被使用的PEDOT/PSS作为水分散液被制备,水分的完全的除去或再吸收的抑制非常困难,因此,存在容易使OPV元件的劣化加速的问题。另外,由于PEDOT/PSS水分散液的固体成分容易凝集,因此,存在容易产生涂布膜的缺陷、容易产生涂布装置的堵塞或腐蚀等问题,在批量生产工序中也残留课题。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Nature,vol.353,737-740(1991)
非专利文献2:Appl.Phys.Lett.,Vol.48,183-185(1986)
非专利文献3:Nature Photonics Vol.6,153-161(2012)
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的发明,其目的在于,提供赋予适于有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层的薄膜的组合物。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人等为了实现上述目的,重复进行了深入研究,结果发现,含有芳基二胺衍生物和电子接受性掺杂剂物质的组合物完全溶解于有机溶剂而形成均匀溶液,通过将由该均匀溶液得到的薄膜作为有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层使用,可得到具有优异的光电转换特性的有机薄膜太阳能电池,完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供:
1.有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其特征在于,含有包含式(1)表示的芳基二胺衍生物的电荷传输性物质、电子接受性掺杂剂物质、和有机溶剂,
[化1]
{式中,R1~R4分别独立地表示氢原子、卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基,R5~R8分别独立地表示氢原子、苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻吩基(这些基团可以被卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基或碳数1~20的酰基取代)、或式(2)表示的基团(其中,R5~R8的至少1个为氢原子),
[化2]
[式中,R9~R12分别独立地表示氢原子、卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基,R13及R14分别独立地表示苯基、萘基、蒽基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻吩基(这些基团可以相互键合而形成环,另外,可以被卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基取代)],
n表示2~5的整数};
2.如1的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述R5及R7为氢原子,所述R6及R8为苯基;
3.如1或2的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述n为2或3;
4.如1~3中任一项的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述电子接受性掺杂剂物质含有芳基磺酸化合物;
5.如4的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述芳基磺酸化合物由式(3)表示,
[化3]
(式中,X表示O,A表示萘环或蒽环,B表示2~4价的全氟联苯基,l表示键合于A的磺酸基数,为满足1≤l≤4的整数,q表示B和X的键合数,为满足2~4的整数);
6.如5的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述X表示O,所述A表示萘环或蒽环;
7.如1~6中任一项的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其含有有机硅烷化合物;
8.有机薄膜太阳能电池,其具有由1~7中任一项的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物制作的阳极缓冲层和以与所述阳极缓冲层连接的方式设置的活性层;
9.如8的有机薄膜太阳能电池,其中,所述活性层含有富勒烯衍生物;
10.如8的有机薄膜太阳能电池,其中,所述活性层包含在主链上含有噻吩骨架的聚合物;
11.如8的有机薄膜太阳能电池,其中,所述活性层包含富勒烯衍生物及在主链上含有噻吩骨架的聚合物。
发明的效果
本发明的组合物不仅可以使用在市场上可廉价地获得的化合物而制造,而且在将由其得到的薄膜用作阳极缓冲层的情况下,能够得到光电转换效率优异的有机薄膜太阳能电池。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明进一步详细地进行说明。
本发明的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物是含有上述式(1)表示的芳基二胺衍生物、电子接受性掺杂剂物质、和有机溶剂的组合物。
R1~R4分别独立地表示氢原子、卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基。
在此,作为卤原子,可列举氟、氯、溴、碘原子等。
作为碳数1~20的烷氧基的具体例,可列举:甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、c-丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、正己氧基、正庚氧基、正辛氧基、正壬氧基、正癸氧基、正十一烷氧基、正十二烷氧基、正十三烷氧基、正十四烷氧基、正十五烷氧基、正十六烷氧基、正十七烷氧基、正十八烷氧基、正十九烷氧基、正二十烷氧基等。
作为碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基(烷基硫)基的具体例,可列举:甲基硫基、乙基硫基、正丙基硫基、异丙基硫基、正丁基硫基、异丁基硫基、仲丁基硫基、叔丁基硫基、正戊基硫基、正己基硫基、正庚基硫基、正辛基硫基、正壬基硫基、正癸基硫基、正十一烷基硫基、正十二烷基硫基、正十三烷基硫基、正十四烷基硫基、正十五烷基硫基、正十六烷基硫基、正十七烷基硫基、正十八烷基硫基、正十九烷基硫基、正二十烷基硫基等。
作为碳数1~20的烷基的具体例,可列举:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基、正二十烷基等。
作为碳数1~20的卤烷基,可列举将上述碳数1~20的烷基的氢原子的至少1个用卤原子取代的基团,其中,优选氟烷基,更优选全氟烷基。
作为其具体例,可列举:氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、七氟丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、2,2,3,3-四氟丙基、2,2,2-三氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基、壬氟丁基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、十一氟戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-壬氟戊基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基、十三氟己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-十一氟己基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-十氟己基、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-壬氟己基等。
作为碳数3~20的环烷基的具体例,可列举:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基等。
作为碳数6~20的双环烷基的具体例,可列举:双环丙基、双环丁基、双环戊基、双环己基、双环庚基、双环辛基、双环壬基等。
作为碳数2~20的烯基的具体例,可列举:乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、6-庚烯基、7-辛烯基、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯基、8-壬烯基、9-癸烯基、10-十一碳烯基、11-十二碳烯基、12-十三碳烯基、13-十四碳烯基、14-十五碳烯基、15-十六碳烯基、16-十七碳烯基、17-十八碳烯基、18-十九碳烯基、19-二十碳烯基等。
作为碳数2~20的炔基的具体例,可列举:乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、4-己炔基、5-己炔基、6-庚炔基、7-辛炔基、3,7-二甲基-6-辛炔基、8-壬炔基、9-癸炔基、10-十一炔基、11-十二炔基、12-十三炔基、13-十四炔基、14-十五炔基、15-十六炔基、16-十七炔基、17-十八炔基、18-十九炔基、19-二十炔基等。
作为碳数6~20的芳基的具体例,可列举:苯基、α-萘基、β-萘基、蒽基、菲基、邻联苯基、间联苯基、对联苯基等。
作为碳数7~20的芳烷基的具体例,可列举:苄基、苯基乙基、苯基丙基、萘基甲基、萘基乙基、萘基丙基等。
作为碳数1~20的酰基的具体例,可列举:甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、异丁酰基、戊酰基、异戊酰基、苯甲酰基等。
其中,考虑提高芳基二胺衍生物相对于溶剂的溶解性、同时提高得到的薄膜的均匀性时,R1~R4优选氢原子、卤原子、碳数1~4的烷基、碳数1~4的全氟烷基、碳数1~4的烷氧基,最适合全部为氢原子。
R5~R8分别独立地表示氢原子、苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻吩基(这些基团可以被卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基或碳数1~20的酰基取代)、或上述式(2)表示的基团,但R5~R8的至少1个为氢原子。
上述式(2)中,R9~R12分别独立地表示氢原子、卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基,R13及R14分别独立地表示苯基、萘基、蒽基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻吩基(这些基团可以相互键合而形成环,另外,可以被卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基取代)。
予以说明,作为R5~R14中的卤原子、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、碳数1~20的酰基的具体例,可列举与上述同样的基团。
其中,考虑提高芳基二胺衍生物相对于溶剂的溶解性、同时提高得到的薄膜的均匀性时,R5及R7为均氢原子、且R6及R8为均苯基最适。
在本发明中,作为可以优选使用的芳基二胺衍生物的具体例,可列举以下的化合物(式(1-1)~(1-4)),但并不限定于这些。
[化4]
式(1)表示的芳基二胺衍生物可以使用市售品,也可以使用将联苯胺或二氨基联三苯等作为起始材料、利用公知的方法制造的芳基二胺衍生物,但任一种情况下,均优选使用在制备阳极缓冲层用组合物之前、通过再结晶或蒸镀法等精制成的芳基二胺衍生物。通过使用精制了的芳基二胺衍生物,可以更加提高备有由该组合物得到的薄膜的OPV元件的特性。通过再结晶精制的情况下,作为溶剂,例如可以使用1,4-二烷、四氢呋喃等。
式(1)表示的芳基二胺衍生物的分子量没有特别限定,考虑导电性的方面时,作为下限,通常为200以上,优选为300以上,考虑提高相对于溶剂的溶解性的方面时,作为上限,通常为5000以下,优选为2000以下。
在本发明的阳极缓冲层用组合物中,作为式(1)表示的芳基二胺衍生物,可以单独使用选自式(1)表示的芳基二胺衍生物中的1种的化合物(即分子量分布的分散度为1),也可以组合使用2种以上的化合物。
作为本发明的阳极缓冲层用组合物中所含的另一种成分的电子接受性掺杂剂物质只要是溶解于在阳极缓冲层用组合物中使用的至少一种溶剂,就没有特别限定。
作为电子接受性掺杂剂物质的具体例,可列举:氯化氢、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机强酸;氯化铝(III)(AlCl3)、四氯化钛(IV)(TiCl4)、三溴化硼(BBr3)、三氟化硼醚络合物(BF3·OEt2)、氯化铁(III)(FeCl3)、氯化铜(II)(CuCl2)、五氯化锑(V)(SbCl5)、五氟化砷(V)(AsF5)、五氟化磷(PF5)、三(4-溴苯基)铝六氯锑酸酯(TBPAH)等路易斯酸;苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、羟基苯磺酸、5-磺基水杨酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、聚苯乙烯磺酸、国际公开第2005/000832号中记载的1,4-苯并二烷二磺酸化合物、国际公开第2006/025342号中记载的芳基磺酸化合物、特开2005-108828号公报中记载的二壬基萘磺酸化合物等有机强酸;7,7,8,8-四氰基醌二甲烷(TCNQ)、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)、碘等有机氧化剂、国际公开第2010/058777号中记载的磷钼酸、磷钨酸、磷钨钼酸等杂多酸等无机氧化剂等,可以将各自组合使用。
其中,优选芳基磺酸化合物,特别优选式(3)表示的芳基磺酸化合物。
[化5]
(式中,X表示O,A表示萘环或蒽环,B表示2~4价的全氟联苯基,l表示键合于A的磺酸基数,为满足1≤l≤4的整数,q表示B和X的键合数,为满足2~4的整数)
在本发明中,作为可以优选使用的芳基磺酸化合物的具体例,可列举以下的化合物(式(3-1)),但并不限定于此。
[化6]
作为用于阳极缓冲层用组合物的制备的有机溶剂,可以使用能够良好地溶解芳基二胺衍生物及电子接受性掺杂剂物质的高溶解性溶剂。高溶解性溶剂可以单独使用1种,或混合使用2种以上,其使用量可以相对于组合物中使用的溶剂整体设为5~100质量%。
这样的高溶解性作为溶剂,可列举例如:N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮等。
其中,优选酰胺系溶剂的N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,更优选N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。
电荷传输性物质及电子接受性掺杂剂物质均优选完全溶解于上述有机溶剂,或成为均匀地分散的状态,考虑再现性良好地得到赋予高转换效率的有机薄膜太阳能电池的缓冲层时,更优选这些物质完全溶解于上述有机溶剂。
本发明的阳极缓冲层用组合物优选在25℃具有10~200mPa·s、特别是35~150mPa·s的粘度、在常压含有至少一种沸点50~300℃、特别是150~250℃的高粘度有机溶剂。
高粘度有机溶剂没有特别限定,可列举例如:环己醇、乙二醇、1,3-辛二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、三丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丙二醇、己二醇等。
高粘度有机溶剂相对于本发明的组合物中使用的溶剂整体的添加比例优选为固体不析出的范围内,只要不固体不析出,添加比例优选为5~80质量%。
进而,也可以以提高相对于涂布面的润湿性、调整溶剂的表面张力、调整极性、调整沸点等目的,以相对于组合物中使用的溶剂整体为1~90质量%、优选1~50质量%的比例混合在热处理时可赋予膜的平坦性的其它溶剂。
作为这样的溶剂,可列举例如:丁基溶纤剂、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚醋酸酯、二乙二醇单丁基醚醋酸酯、二丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯、乙基卡必醇、二丙酮醇、γ-丁内酯、乙基乳酸酯、正己基醋酸酯等,但并不限定于这些。
就本发明的阳极缓冲层用组合物而言,从提高得到的太阳能电池的转换效率的观点出发,优选含有有机硅烷化合物。
作为有机硅烷化合物,可列举三烷氧基硅烷、二烷氧基硅烷等,尤其优选芳基三烷氧基硅烷、芳基二烷氧基硅烷、含有氟原子三烷氧基硅烷、含有氟原子二烷氧基硅烷化合物,更优选式(S1)或(S2)表示的硅烷化合物。
[化7]
RSi(OCH3)3 (S1)
RSi(OC2H5)3 (S2)
(式中,R表示碳数1~6的氟烷基)
作为碳数1~6的氟烷基的具体例,可列举:三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基、1,1,2,2,3,3,3-七氟丙基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、3,3,4,4,4-五氟丁基、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-七氟丁基、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-壬氟丁基等。
作为二烷氧基硅烷化合物的具体例,可列举:二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二异丙基二甲氧基硅烷、苯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-(3,4-环氧基环己基)乙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-巯基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷等。
作为三烷氧基硅烷化合物的具体例,可列举:甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、丁基三乙氧基硅烷、戊基三甲氧基硅烷、戊基三乙氧基硅烷、庚基三甲氧基硅烷、庚基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十八烷基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三乙氧基(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)环己烷、全氟辛基乙基三乙氧基硅烷、三乙氧基氟硅烷、十三氟-1,1,2,2-四氢辛基三乙氧基硅烷、3-(七氟异丙氧基)丙基三乙氧基硅烷、十七氟-1,1,2,2-四氢癸基三乙氧基硅烷、三乙氧基-2-噻吩基硅烷、3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)呋喃等。
在本发明中,相对于本发明的组合物的电荷传输性物质及电子接受性掺杂剂物质,有机硅烷化合物的含量通常为0.1质量%~200质量%左右,优选为1质量%~50质量%,更优选为5质量%~20质量%。
本发明的组合物的固体成分浓度考虑组合物的粘度及表面张力等、或制作的薄膜的厚度等而适当设定,通常为0.1~10.0质量%左右,优选为0.5~5.0质量%,更优选为1.0~3.0质量%。
予以说明,固体成分是指构成阳极缓冲层用组合物的有机溶剂以外的成分。
另外,电荷传输性物质和电子接受性掺杂剂物质的物质量(mol)比也考虑显现的电荷传输性、电荷传输性物质等种类而适当设定,通常相对于电荷传输性物质1,为电子接受性掺杂剂物质0.1~10,优选为0.5~5.0,更优选为0.5~3.0。
而且,本发明中使用的阳极缓冲层用组合物的粘度考虑制作的薄膜的厚度等或固体成分浓度、根据涂布方法而适当调节,通常在25℃为0.1mPa·s~50mPa·s左右。
在制备本发明的组合物时,只要固体成分均匀地溶解或分散于溶剂,就可以按任意的顺序混合电荷传输性物质、电子接受性掺杂剂物质、有机溶剂。即,只要固体成分均匀地溶解或分散于有机溶剂,例如在使芳基二胺衍生物溶解于有机溶剂之后、使电子接受性掺杂剂物质溶解于该溶液的方法;使电子接受性掺杂剂物质溶解于有机溶剂之后、使芳基二胺衍生物溶解于该溶液的方法;将芳基二胺衍生物和电子接受性掺杂剂物质进行混合之后、向有机溶剂中投入其混合物并使其溶解的方法的任一种均可以采用。
另外,通常在常温、常压的非活性气体氛围下进行组合物制备,但只要不会有组合物中的化合物分解、或组成大幅变化的情况,可以在大气氛围下(氧存在下)进行,也可以一边进行加热,一边进行。
通过将以上说明的阳极缓冲层用组合物涂布于有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极并烧成,可以形成本发明的阳极缓冲层。
涂布之际,考虑组合物的粘度和表面张力、期望的薄膜的厚度等,从滴铸法、旋涂法、刮板涂敷法、浸渍涂敷法、辊涂法、棒涂法、模具涂敷法、喷墨法、印刷法(凸版、凹版、平版、丝网印刷等)等之类的各种湿式工艺法中采用最适合的方法即可。
通常在常温、常压的非活性气体氛围下进行涂布,但只要不会有组合物中的化合物分解、或组成大幅变化的情况,可以在大气氛围下(氧存在下)进行,也可以一边进行加热,一边进行。
膜厚通常优选5~200nm左右,作为使膜厚变化的方法,有:使组合物中的固体成分浓度变化、或使涂布时的溶液量变化等方法。
以下,对使用了本发明的组合物的有机薄膜太阳能电池的制造方法进行说明。
[阳极层的形成]:在透明基板的表面形成阳极材料的层,制造透明电极的工序
作为阳极材料,可以使用铟锡氧化物(ITO)、铟锌氧化物(IZO)等金属氧化物、或聚噻吩衍生物、聚苯胺衍生物等高电荷传输性有机化合物。另外,作为透明基板,可以使用由玻璃或透明树脂形成的基板。
阳极材料的层(阳极层)的形成方法根据阳极材料的性质而适当选择,通常采用使用了升华性化合物的干式工艺(蒸镀法)或使用了含有电荷传输性化合物的清漆的湿式工艺(特别旋涂法或狭缝涂敷法)中任一项。
另外,作为透明电极,也可以优选使用市售品,该情况下,从提高元件的成品率的观点出发,优选使用进行平滑化处理的基盘。使用市售品的情况下,本发明的有机薄膜太阳能电池的制造方法不包含形成阳极层的工序。
使用的透明电极优选用洗剂、醇、纯水等清洗后使用。例如,阳极基板优选在正要使用之前实施UV臭氧处理、氧-等离子体处理等表面处理(阳极材料以有机物为主成分时,也可以不进行表面处理)。
[阳极缓冲层的形成]:在形成了的阳极材料的层上形成阳极缓冲层的工序
按照上述方法,在阳极材料的层上使用本发明的组合物形成缓冲层。
[活性层的形成]:在形成了的阳极缓冲层上形成活性层的工序
活性层可以为将作为由n型半导体材料构成的薄膜的n层和作为由p型半导体材料构成的薄膜的p层进行层叠的层,也可以为由这些材料的混合物构成的非层叠薄膜。
作为n型半导体材料,可列举:富勒烯、[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(PC61BM)、[6,6]-苯基-C71-丁酸甲酯(PC71BM)等。另一方面,作为p型半导体材料,可列举:规则性聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)、PTB7(式(4))、PDTP-DFBT(式(5))、特开2009-158921号公报及国际公开第2010/008672号中记载的含有噻吩并噻吩单元聚合物类等、在主链上含有噻吩骨架的聚合物、CuPC、ZnPC等酞菁类、四苯并卟啉等卟啉类等。
其中,作为n型材料,优选PC61BM、PC71BM,作为p型材料,优选PTB7等在主链上含有噻吩骨架的聚合物类。
予以说明,在此所说的“在主链上含有噻吩骨架”表示仅由噻吩构成的2价的芳香环、或噻吩并噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、苯并二噻吩、萘并噻吩、萘并二噻吩、蒽并噻吩、蒽并二噻吩等的含有1个以上的噻吩的2价的缩合芳香环,这些可以被上述R1~R8表示的取代基取代。
活性层的形成方法根据n型半导体或者p型半导体材料的性质而适当选择,通常采用使用了升华性化合物的干式工艺(特别是蒸镀法)或使用了包含材料的清漆的湿式工艺(特别是旋涂法或狭缝涂敷法)中任一种。
[化8]
(式中,m及n表示重复单元数,表示正的整数)
[阴极缓冲层的形成]:在形成了的活性层上形成阴极缓冲层的工序
可以根据需要,以将电荷的移动效率化等为目的,在活性层和阴极层之间形成阴极缓冲层。
作为形成阴极缓冲层的材料,可列举:氧化锂(Li2O)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、氟化锂(LiF)、氟化镁(MgF2)、氟化锶(SrF2)等。
阴极缓冲层的形成方法根据其材料的性质适当选择,通常采用使用了升华性化合物的干式工艺(特别是蒸镀法)或使用了包含材料的清漆的湿式工艺(特别是旋涂法或狭缝涂敷法)中任一种。
[阴极层的形成]:在形成了的阴极缓冲层之上形成阴极层的工序
作为阴极材料,可列举:铝、镁-银合金、铝-锂合金、锂、钠、钾、铯、钙、钡、银、金等,可以将多种阴极材料层叠、或混合而使用。
阴极缓冲层的形成方法根据其材料的性质适当选择,通常采用干式工艺(特别是蒸镀法)。
[载流子阻挡层的形成]
可以根据需要,以控制光电流的整流性等为目的,在任意的层间设置载流子阻挡层。
作为形成载流子阻挡层的材料,可列举氧化钛、氧化锌等。
载流子阻挡层的形成方法根据其材料的性质而适当选择,通常,使用升华性化合物时采用蒸镀法,使用溶解了材料的清漆时采用旋涂法、或狭缝涂敷法中任一种。
就通过上述例示的方法来制作的OPV元件而言,为了防止大气导致的元件劣化,可以再次导入手套箱内而在氮等非活性气体氛围下进行密封操作,在被密封的状态下发挥作为太阳能电池的功能,或进行太阳能电池特性的测定。
作为密封法,可列举:将在端部附着有UV固化树脂的凹型玻璃基板在非活性气体氛围下附着于有机薄膜太阳能电池元件的成膜面侧,通过UV照射使树脂固化的方法;或在真空下通过溅射等方法进行膜密封型的密封的方法等。
实施例
以下,列举实施例及比较例,更具体地说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于下述的实施例。
[1]使用的装置
(1)NMR
装置:日本电子(株)制ECX-300
测定溶剂:纯正化学(株)制二甲基亚砜-d6
(2)手套箱:山八物产(株)制、VAC手套箱系统
(3)蒸镀装置:Aoyama Engineering(株)制、真空蒸镀装置
(4)太阳模拟器:分光计器(株)制、OTENTOSUN-III、AM1.5G过滤器、放射强度:100mW/cm2
(5)源测量单元:Keithley Ins truments(株)制、2612A
[2]活性层用组合物的制备
[制备例1]
在放入了规则性聚(3-己基噻吩)(Merck社制、制品名:lisicon(注册商标)SP-001)40mg及PC61BM(Frontier Carbon社制、制品名:nanom spectra E100)32mg的样品瓶之中加入氯苯2.0mL,在80℃的电热板上搅拌15小时,得到溶液A1(活性层用组合物)。
[制备例2]
在放入了PTB7(1-Material社制)20mg及PC61BM(Frontier Carbon社制、制品名:nanom spectra E100)30mg的样品瓶之中加入氯苯2.0mL,在80℃的电热板上搅拌15小时。将该溶液放冷至室温之后,加入1,8-二碘辛烷(东京化成工业(株)制)60μL并进行搅拌,由此得到溶液A2(活性层用组合物)。
[制备例3]
在放入了PDTP-DFBT(1-Material社制)20mg及PC61BM(FrontierCarbon社制、制品名:nanom spectra E100)30mg的样品瓶中加入氯苯2.0mL,在80℃的电热板上搅拌15小时。将该溶液放冷至室温之后,加入1,8-二碘辛烷(东京化成工业(株)制)60μL并进行搅拌,由此得到溶液A3(活性层用组合物)。
[3]OPV的阳极缓冲层用组合物的制备
[制备例4]
在N,N'-二苯基联苯胺(东京化成工业(株)制、以下同样)132.1mg(0.393mmol)和按照国际公开第2006/025342号记载的方法合成的上述式(3-1)式表示的芳基磺酸化合物177.2mg(0.196mmol)的混合物中加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺5.0g,一边在室温照射超声波,一边进行搅拌并使其溶解。进一步对其加入环己醇5.0g并进行搅拌,得到淡黄色溶液。将得到的淡黄色溶液用孔径0.2μm的注射器过滤器进行过滤、得到阳极缓冲层用组合物B1。
[制备例5]
在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺10.0g中加入苯基三甲氧基硅烷(信越化学工业(株)制)0.717mg(3.61mmol)和3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷(信越化学工业(株)制)0.394mg(1.81mmol),在室温进行搅拌,得到硅烷化合物溶液S1。
[制备例6]
在1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮10.0g中加入苯基三甲氧基硅烷(信越化学工业(株)制)0.717mg(3.61mmol)和3,3,3-三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷(信越化学工业(株)制)0.394mg(1.81mmol),在室温进行搅拌,得到硅烷化合物溶液S2。
[制备例7]
在N,N'-二苯基联苯胺92.5mg(0.275mmol)和按照国际公开第2006/025342号记载的方法合成的上述式(3-1)式表示的芳基磺酸化合物186.1mg(0.206mmol)的混合物中加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺4.72g,一边在室温照射超声波,一边进行搅拌并使其溶解。进一步对其加入环己醇5.0g并搅拌后,加入硅烷化合物溶液S1 0.31g,得到淡黄色溶液。
将得到的淡黄色溶液用孔径0.2μm的注射器过滤器进行过滤,得到阳极缓冲层用组合物B2。
[制备例8]
在N,N'-二苯基联苯胺61.0mg(0.181mmol)和按照国际公开第2006/025342号记载的方法合成的上述式(3-1)式表示的芳基磺酸化合物122.8mg(0.136mmol)的混合物中加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺4.82g,一边在室温照射超声波,一边进行搅拌并使其溶解。进一步对其加入环己醇5.0g并搅拌后,加入硅烷化合物溶液S1 0.21g,得到淡黄色溶液。
将得到的淡黄色溶液用孔径0.2μm的注射器过滤器进行过滤,得到阳极缓冲层用组合物B3。
[制备例9]
在N,N'-二苯基联苯胺61.0mg(0.181mmol)和按照国际公开第2006/025342号记载的方法合成的上述式(3-1)式表示的芳基磺酸化合物122.8mg(0.136mmol)的混合物中加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺3.15g和2,3-丁二醇1.67g,一边在室温照射超声波,一边进行搅拌并使其溶解。进一步对其加入环己醇5.0g并搅拌后,加入硅烷化合物溶液S1 0.21g,得到淡褐色溶液。
将得到的淡褐色溶液用孔径0.2μm的注射器过滤器进行过滤,得到阳极缓冲层用组合物B4。
[制备例10]
在N,N'-二苯基联苯胺61.0mg(0.181mmol)和按照国际公开第2006/025342号记载的方法合成的上述式(3-1)式表示的芳基磺酸化合物122.8mg(0.136mmol)的混合物中加入1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮3.15g和丙二醇1.67g,一边在室温照射超声波,一边进行搅拌并使其溶解。进一步对其加入环己醇5.0g并搅拌后,加入硅烷化合物溶液S2 0.21g,得到淡褐色溶液。
将得到的淡褐色溶液用孔径0.2μm的注射器过滤器进行过滤,得到阳极缓冲层用组合物B5。
[比较制备例1]
将PEDOT/PSS(Heraeus制Clevios P VP CH8000)用孔径0.45μm的注射器过滤器进行过滤,得到阳极缓冲层用组合物C1。
[4]有机薄膜太阳能电池的制作
[实施例1]
将使成为正极的ITO透明导电层图案化为2mm×20mm的条纹状的20mm×20mm的玻璃基板进行15分钟UV/臭氧处理之后,利用旋涂法涂布阳极缓冲层用组合物B1。使用电热板将该玻璃基板在50℃加热5分钟,进一步在230℃加热20分钟,由此形成膜厚30nm的缓冲层。
其后,在用非活性气体置换了的手套箱中,在形成了的缓冲层上滴加溶液A1,利用旋涂法成膜之后,使用电热板于80℃加热30分钟,由此形成膜厚90nm的活性层。
接着,将形成了有机半导体层的基板和负极用掩模设置于真空蒸镀装置内,排气至装置内的真空度成为1×10-3Pa以下,通过电阻加热法将成为负极的铝层蒸镀成80nm的厚度。
最后,通过使用电热板于135℃加热10分钟,制作条纹状的ITO层和铝层交叉的部分的面积为2mm×2mm的OPV元件。
[实施例2]
除使用阳极缓冲层用组合物B2取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1以外,用与实施例1同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[实施例3]
将使成为正极的ITO透明导电层图案化为2mm×20mm的条纹状的20mm×20mm的玻璃基板进行15分钟UV/臭氧处理之后,在基板上利用旋涂法涂布制备的阳极缓冲层用组合物B1。使用电热板将该玻璃基板在50℃加热5分钟,进一步在230℃加热20分钟,由此形成膜厚30nm的缓冲层。
其后,在用非活性气体置换了的手套箱中,在形成了的缓冲层上滴加溶液A2,利用旋涂法进行成膜。
接着,将形成了有机半导体层的基板和负极用掩模设置于真空蒸镀装置内,排气至装置内的真空度成为1×10-3Pa以下,通过电阻加热法将成为负极的铝层蒸镀成80nm的厚度。
最后,通过使用电热板于90℃10分钟加热,制作条纹状的ITO层和铝层交叉的部分的面积为2mm×2mm的OPV元件。
[实施例4]
除使用阳极缓冲层用组合物B2取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[实施例5]
除使用活性层用组合物A3取代活性层用组合物A2以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[实施例6]
除使用活性层用组合物A3取代活性层用组合物A2、使用阳极缓冲层用组合物B3取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[实施例7]
除使用阳极缓冲层用组合物B3取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[实施例8]
除使用阳极缓冲层用组合物B4取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[实施例9]
除使用阳极缓冲层用组合物B5取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[比较例1]
除使用阳极缓冲层用组合物C1取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1、在150℃加热20分钟以取代在230℃加热20分钟以外,用与实施例1同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[比较例2]
除使用阳极缓冲层用组合物C1取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1、在150℃加热20分钟以取代在230℃加热20分钟以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[比较例3]
除使用活性层用组合物A3取代活性层用组合物A2、使用阳极缓冲层用组合物C1取代阳极缓冲层用组合物B1、在150℃加热20分钟以取代在230℃加热20分钟以外,用与实施例3同样的方法制作OPV元件。
[5]特性评价
进行制作的OPV元件的短路电流密度(Jsc[mA/cm2])、开放电压(Voc[V])、曲线因子(FF)、及光电转换效率(PCE[%])的评价。将在活性层用组合物中使用了溶液A1的情况(实施例1、2及比较例1)的评价结果示于表1,将使用了溶液A2的情况(实施例3、4及比较例2)的评价结果示于表2,将使用了溶液A3的情况(实施例5、6及比较例3)的评价结果示于表3。另外,将变更了阳极缓冲层用组合物的组成的情况(实施例4、7、8及9)的评价结果示于表4。
予以说明,光电转换效率利用光电转换效率=短路电流密度×开放电压×曲线因子/入射光强度的式子算出。
[表1]
Jsc | Voc | FF | PCE | |
实施例1 | 8.3 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 2.7 |
实施例2 | 8.5 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 2.8 |
比较例1 | 8.9 | 0.61 | 0.43 | 2.3 |
[表2]
Jsc | Voc | FF | PCE | |
实施例3 | 13.2 | 0.77 | 0.58 | 5.9 |
实施例4 | 13.4 | 0.78 | 0.61 | 6.4 |
比较例2 | 12.8 | 0.79 | 0.29 | 2.9 |
[表3]
Jsc | Voc | FF | PCE | |
实施例5 | 9.6 | 0.72 | 0.36 | 2.5 |
实施例6 | 10.1 | 0.74 | 0.37 | 2.8 |
比较例3 | 4.2 | 0.75 | 0.17 | 0.5 |
[表4]
Jsc | Voc | FF | PCE | |
实施例4 | 12.5 | 0.76 | 0.49 | 4.6 |
实施例7 | 12.6 | 0.76 | 0.57 | 5.5 |
实施例8 | 12.6 | 0.75 | 0.57 | 5.5 |
实施例9 | 12.7 | 0.73 | 0.54 | 5.0 |
如表1~4所示的那样,与活性层组合物的种类无关,具备由本发明的阳极缓冲层用组合物得到的薄膜作为阳极缓冲层的OPV元件与具备由一般经常使用的PEDOT/PSS得到的薄膜作为阳极缓冲层的OPV元件相比,显示高的光电转换效率(PCE)。
如此可知,通过使用本发明的阳极缓冲层用组合物,能够制造优异的光电转换特性的OPV元件。
Claims (11)
1.有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其特征在于,含有包含式(1)表示的芳基二胺衍生物的电荷传输性物质、电子接受性掺杂剂物质、和有机溶剂,
[化1]
{式中,R1~R4分别独立地表示氢原子、卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基,
R5~R8分别独立地表示氢原子、苯基、萘基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻吩基(这些基团可以被卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基或碳数1~20的酰基取代)或式(2)表示的基团(其中,R5~R8的至少1个为氢原子),
[化2]
[式中,R9~R12分别独立地表示氢原子、卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基,
R13及R14分别独立地表示苯基、萘基、蒽基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻吩基(这些基团可以相互键合而形成环,另外,可以被卤原子、硝基、氰基、羟基、硫醇基、磷酸基、磺酸基、羧基、碳数1~20的烷氧基、碳数1~20的硫代烷氧基、碳数1~20的烷基、碳数1~20的卤烷基、碳数3~20的环烷基、碳数6~20的双环烷基、碳数2~20的烯基、碳数2~20的炔基、碳数6~20的芳基、碳数7~20的芳烷基、或碳数1~20的酰基取代)],
n表示2~5的整数}。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述R5及R7为氢原子,
所述R6及R8为苯基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述n为2或3。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述电子接受性掺杂剂物质含有芳基磺酸化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述芳基磺酸化合物由式(3)表示,
[化3]
式中,X表示O,A表示萘环或蒽环,B表示2~4价的全氟联苯基,l表示键合于A的磺酸基数,为满足1≤l≤4的整数,q表示B和X的键合数,为满足2~4的整数)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其中,所述X表示O,所述A表示萘环或蒽环。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物,其含有有机硅烷化合物。
8.有机薄膜太阳能电池,其具有由权利要求1~7中任一项所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池的阳极缓冲层用组合物制作的阳极缓冲层和以与所述阳极缓冲层连接的方式设置的活性层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池,其中,所述活性层含有富勒烯衍生物。
10.根据权利要求8所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池,其中,所述活性层包含在主链上含有噻吩骨架的聚合物。
11.根据权利要求8所述的有机薄膜太阳能电池,其中,所述活性层包含富勒烯衍生物及在主链上含有噻吩骨架的聚合物。
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EP3082171A4 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
US20160315266A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
TWI623513B (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
JPWO2015087797A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
US10020449B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
JP6520718B2 (ja) | 2019-05-29 |
KR102252204B1 (ko) | 2021-05-14 |
EP3082171B1 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
WO2015087797A1 (ja) | 2015-06-18 |
TW201538459A (zh) | 2015-10-16 |
KR20160096637A (ko) | 2016-08-16 |
EP3082171A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
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