CN105924225B - 一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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Abstract
本发明属于多孔陶瓷制备技术领域,提出一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法。提出的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法采用氧化铝溶胶作为铝源,利用发泡法与溶胶凝胶工艺相结合的方法,使泡沫浆料的快速固化成型得到多孔坯体;然后在高温下利用氧化铝纳米粒子与碳化硅粉体氧化后产生的二氧化硅反应生成莫来石使碳化硅粉体在空气气氛下产生强度,最终制备得莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。本发明的莫来石结合碳化硅使材料具有高气孔率、高强度、高热震稳定性的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔陶瓷制备技术领域,具体涉及一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硅多孔陶瓷以其特有的性能如热膨胀系数小、强度高、抗热震稳定性好、耐高温、耐腐蚀、使用寿命长以及相对较好的抗氧化性等,在众多领域得到了已经广泛的应用,比如催化剂载体、热气流或熔融金属过滤器、高温膜反应器、绝热材料以及传感器等。
碳化硅中的Si-C键是极强的共价键,烧结时质点扩散速率很低,晶界能和表面能之比很高,不易获得足够的能量形成晶界,很难在2100℃以下烧结来制备高强度材料,常需要采用一些特殊气氛或者依靠第二相物质帮助,促进其烧结;这些特殊的气氛价格昂贵,限制了其广泛使用,因此依靠第二相物质成为研究的热点,以二氧化硅,堇青石以及莫来石为代表的第二相物质已得到了很好的利用;其中,莫来石具有使用温度高,抗氧化性强,高温稳定性好且平均热膨胀系数(5.3×10-6/K,0~1000℃)与SiC(4.7×10-6/K,0~1000℃)接近的优异性能,成为最理想的第二相物质。
目前莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法以添加固态造孔剂法(如石墨,锯末,淀粉等)结合干压成型为主,采用该方法制备的材料气孔形状各异,气孔率较低且气孔分布不均匀,在烧失过程中会对环境造成污染;发泡法是一种常用的制备多孔陶瓷的方法,它是在坯体制备过程利用表面活性剂机械发泡的方式,配合一定的成型技术,可制备出气孔率>90%且气孔分布均匀的多孔陶瓷材料,在制备过程中不会造成环境的污染;然而,气泡为热力学非稳定相,在陶瓷浆料中会出现长大,上浮,破裂等现象。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提出一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法。
本发明为完成上述目的采用如下技术方案:
一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,所述的制备方法采用氧化铝溶胶作为铝源,利用发泡法与溶胶凝胶工艺相结合的方法,使泡沫浆料的快速固化成型得到多孔坯体;氧化铝溶胶固化后得到氧化铝凝胶;然后在高温下利用氧化铝凝胶中的氧化铝纳米粒子与碳化硅粉体氧化后产生的二氧化硅反应生成莫来石使碳化硅粉体在空气气氛下产生强度,最终制备得莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷;其具体方法为:
1)悬浮浆料的制备:将碳化硅粉体、氧化铝溶胶、水、分散剂、氧化铝磨球按一定比例加入到球磨罐中进行球磨混合,得到稳定的悬浮浆料;
2)泡沫浆料的制备、固化:将步骤1)所制得的悬浮浆料移至搅拌桶中进行机械搅拌,搅拌的同时加入一定量的表面活性剂,浆料中产生气泡,在泡沫稳定后加入电熔镁砂作为固化剂,搅拌一定时间后将泡沫浆料注入模具,使泡沫浆料借助氧化铝溶胶在碱性环境中凝胶化的特性快速固化得到具有一定孔隙率的多孔坯体;
3)莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备:将步骤2)中成型后的多孔坯体移至烘箱中烘干,干燥温度为80~120℃,持续时间为5~100h;干燥后置于空气气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1200℃~1500℃,保温1~50小时得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
在1200℃~1500℃的温度下,氧化铝凝胶中的氧化铝纳米粒子与碳化硅粉体氧化得到的二氧化硅发生原位莫来石化反应最终得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
所述的氧化铝溶胶、水、分散剂、氧化铝磨球、发泡剂的加入量分别为碳化硅粉体质量的10~80%、5%~120%、0.3%~3%、50%~300%、4%~25%。
所述碳化硅粉体的平均粒径为0.5~85μm。
所述的分散剂为三聚磷酸铵、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸铵、六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵、四甲基氢氧化铵中的一种或两种两种以上任意质量比的混合物。
所述的氧化铝溶胶中氧化铝的浓度为25%。
所述的发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基三乙醇胺、十二烷基硫酸铵、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或两种以上任意质量比的混合物。
所述电熔镁砂的加入量为碳化硅粉体质量的0.1%~2%。
氧化铝溶胶是氧化铝胶粒分散在水中的胶体溶液,胶体粒子微细(10-20nm),有相当大的比表面积,粒子本身无色透明,不影响被覆盖物的本色,胶体溶液(溶胶)的pH值在3-5之间,粘度较低,水能渗透的地方都能渗透,与其它物质混合时分散性和渗透性都非常好,当pH值升高(pH>8)时,会产生凝胶化,从而失去流动性。
电熔镁砂具有较强的水化特性,遇水会使浆料的pH值升高,随着pH值向碱性方向的发展,氧化铝溶胶会发生凝胶化反应。
本发明提出的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,在常温下利用发泡法结合溶胶凝胶工艺,借助氧化铝溶胶在碱性环境中凝胶化的特性,实现泡沫浆料的快速固化成型,避免了长大,上浮,破裂等现象的发生;在高温下,氧化铝纳米粒子作为铝源与碳化硅粉体氧化得到的二氧化硅发生原位莫来石化反应,使材料烧结,其烧结温度低于1500℃,烧结气氛为空气且不引入杂质;在高温下利用原位反应生成的莫来石结合碳化硅使材料具有高气孔率、高强度、高热震稳定性的特点。
具体实施方式
结合下述实施例对本发明加以详细说明:
实施例1
选取中位径为5.0μm的碳化硅粉体,占碳化硅粉体质量40%的水,占碳化硅粉体质量0.3%的三聚磷酸钠、占碳化硅粉体质量25%氧化铝溶胶和占碳化硅粉体质量100%的氧化铝磨球并倒入球磨罐中球磨,球磨机的转速是38r/min,运行1h;将球磨后的浆料置于搅拌桶中搅拌,搅拌的同时加入占碳化硅粉体质量为10%的十二烷基三乙醇胺,浆料充分发泡后,加入占碳化硅粉体质量0.1%的电熔镁砂,搅拌50min注入模具,浆料快速固化成型,24h后脱模,脱模后的坯体置于电热鼓风干燥箱中100℃保温20h;干燥后的坯体在空气气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1400℃,保温10h,得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
实施例2
选取中位径为12.5μm的碳化硅粉体,占碳化硅粉体质量120%的水,占碳化硅粉体质量0.5%的六偏磷酸钠、占碳化硅粉体质量10%氧化铝溶胶和占碳化硅粉体质量150%的氧化铝磨球并倒入球磨罐中球磨,球磨机的转速是38r/min,运行2h;将球磨后的浆料置于搅拌桶中搅拌,搅拌的同时加入占碳化硅粉体质量为20%的十二烷基硫酸钠,浆料充分发泡后,加入占碳化硅粉体质量0.3%的电熔镁砂,搅拌50min注入模具,浆料快速固化成型,24h后脱模,脱模后的坯体置于电热鼓风干燥箱中110℃保温10h;干燥后的坯体在空气气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃,保温15h,得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
实施例3
选取中位径为38.6μm的碳化硅粉体,占碳化硅粉体质量20%的水,占碳化硅粉体质量1.8%的四甲基氢氧化铵、占碳化硅粉体质量20%氧化铝溶胶和占碳化硅粉体质量200%的氧化铝磨球并倒入球磨罐中球磨,球磨机的转速是38r/min,运行3h;将球磨后的浆料置于搅拌桶中搅拌,搅拌的同时加入占碳化硅粉体质量为25%的十二烷基硫酸铵,浆料充分发泡后,加入占碳化硅粉体质量0.8%的电熔镁砂,搅拌50min注入模具,浆料快速固化成型,24h后脱模,脱模后的坯体置于电热鼓风干燥箱中90℃保温10h;干燥后的坯体在空气气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1450℃,保温20h,得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
实施例4
选取中位径为3.5μm的碳化硅粉体,占碳化硅粉体质量50%的水,占碳化硅粉体质量3%的六偏磷酸铵、占碳化硅粉体质量40%氧化铝溶胶和占碳化硅粉体质量50%的氧化铝磨球并倒入球磨罐中球磨,球磨机的转速是38r/min,运行10h;将球磨后的浆料置于搅拌桶中搅拌,搅拌的同时加入占碳化硅粉体质量为15%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,浆料充分发泡后,加入占碳化硅粉体质量1.2%的电熔镁砂,搅拌50min注入模具,浆料快速固化成型,24h后脱模,脱模后的坯体置于电热鼓风干燥箱中90℃保温20h;干燥后的坯体在空气气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1350℃,保温5h,得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
实施例5
选取中位径为2.1μm的碳化硅粉体,占碳化硅粉体质量5%的水,占碳化硅粉体质量1.2%的四甲基氢氧化铵、占碳化硅粉体质量80%氧化铝溶胶和占碳化硅粉体质量300%的氧化铝磨球并倒入球磨罐中球磨,球磨机的转速是38r/min,运行20h;将球磨后的浆料置于搅拌桶中搅拌,搅拌的同时加入占碳化硅粉体质量为4%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,浆料充分发泡后,加入占碳化硅粉体质量2%的电熔镁砂,搅拌50min注入模具,浆料快速固化成型,24h后脱模,脱模后的坯体置于电热鼓风干燥箱中100℃保温20h;干燥后的坯体在空气气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1350℃,保温2h,得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
Claims (7)
1.一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法采用氧化铝溶胶作为铝源,利用发泡法与溶胶凝胶工艺相结合的方法,使泡沫浆料快速固化成型得到多孔坯体;氧化铝溶胶固化后得到氧化铝凝胶;然后在高温下利用氧化铝凝胶中的氧化铝纳米粒子与碳化硅粉体氧化后产生的二氧化硅反应生成莫来石使碳化硅粉体在空气气氛下产生强度,最终制备得莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷;其具体方法为:
(1)悬浮浆料的制备:将碳化硅粉体、氧化铝溶胶、水、分散剂、氧化铝磨球按一定比例加入到球磨罐中进行球磨混合,得到稳定的悬浮浆料;
(2)泡沫浆料的制备、固化:将步骤1)所制得的悬浮浆料移至搅拌桶中进行机械搅拌,搅拌的同时加入一定量的发泡剂,并在泡沫稳定后加入电熔镁砂作为固化剂,搅拌一定时间后得到泡沫浆料;然后将泡沫浆料注入模具,使泡沫浆料借助氧化铝溶胶在碱性环境中凝胶化的特性快速固化得到具有一定孔隙率的多孔坯体;
(3)莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备:将步骤2)中成型后的多孔坯体移至烘箱中烘干,干燥温度为80~120℃,持续时间为5~100h;干燥后置于空气气氛下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1200℃~1500℃,保温1~50小时得到莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的氧化铝溶胶、水、分散剂、氧化铝磨球、发泡剂的加入量分别为碳化硅粉体质量的10~80%、5%~120%、0.3%~3%、50%~300%、4%~25%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳化硅粉体的平均粒径为0.5~85μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的分散剂为三聚磷酸铵、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸铵、六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵、四甲基氢氧化铵中的一种或两种以上任意质量比的混合物。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的氧化铝溶胶中氧化铝的浓度为25%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述电熔镁砂的加入量为碳化硅粉体质量的0.1%~2%。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基三乙醇胺、十二烷基硫酸铵、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或两种以上任意质量比的混合物。
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