CN105918010A - Pitaya single-column cultivation frame and pitaya standardized cultivation method - Google Patents

Pitaya single-column cultivation frame and pitaya standardized cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105918010A
CN105918010A CN201610283476.XA CN201610283476A CN105918010A CN 105918010 A CN105918010 A CN 105918010A CN 201610283476 A CN201610283476 A CN 201610283476A CN 105918010 A CN105918010 A CN 105918010A
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Prior art keywords
column
climing
hylocereus undatus
cultivation
branch
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CN201610283476.XA
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CN105918010B (en
Inventor
黄黎芳
邓海燕
梁桂东
任惠
王小媚
方位宽
董龙
邱文武
刘业强
苏伟强
刘朝安
潘光奇
蒙秀荣
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Guangxi Zhongke Intelligent Information Industry Co ltd
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Guangxi Nanning Huanglong Fruit Industry Technology Co ltd
Horticultural Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/12Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a pitaya single-column cultivation frame. The frame comprises a column which is arranged in a pitaya planting area. The column is provided with a highest vine-tying point for a pitaya main vine. The frame also comprises a branch-supporting ring which is fixedly arranged on the column and positioned below the highest vine-tying point. The branch-supporting ring is provided with vine-tying marks. The frame also comprises a plurality of blocking parts which are uniformly distributed on the branch-supporting ring. The pitaya standardized cultivation method with the above single-column cultivation frame comprises the steps of main vine cultivation and fruiting vine cultivation stages. With the pitaya single-column cultivation frame provided by the invention, the shape structure of a single plant is fixed; clear and easy-to-implement parameter which can be qualified and quantified can be conveniently set up for the entire cultivation management process; accurate determination and command of agricultural workers during technical implementation can be enhanced; and operation efficiency and efficiency quantitative assessment are facilitated. The method assists in improving pitaya fine fruit rate and cultivation benefit.

Description

Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand and the standardized cultural method of Hylocereus undatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hylocereus undatus cultivation field, particularly to a kind of Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand and Hylocereus undatus Standardized cultural method.
Background technology
Hylocereus undatus is emerging south subtropics fruit tree, is fashion health fruit, and the recent year market demand is not Disconnected expansion, cultivated area just increases sharply.The mainstream development direction of Hylocereus undatus cultivation and production is the most progressively by dividing Dissipate plantation, extensive and half extensive management changes cultivation direction to scale, intensive and fine work (high-quality) Development.Hylocereus undatus is Cactaceae climbing up by holding on to property draft fruit tree, and without tough upright trunk, trunk is wooden The underdeveloped fleshy stem in portion, needs setting support to cultivate, so that plant keeps certain tree [1].Good Posture in addition to Hylocereus undatus plant is played a supporting role, also should beneficially guide stems of dragon fruits climing Spatial orientation grows, and forms good solid shape structure, to meet plant to illumination and ventilation condition Demand, and the contradiction of tunable population growth and individual growth and be convenient for a series of field management Operation, finally realizes the breeding objectives of good quality and high output, also should have cost performance height, management work efficiency height simultaneously Feature.Different landform is suitable for different postures, and different postures need to coordinate different training types.
Existing Hylocereus undatus open side type cultivating stand without tying up climing hole, bracing wire coordinates with torr branch circle, fruitful branch curtain top Planarization, fruitful branch spreading angle differs, and between branch, light is uneven.During lid thin film frost protection in winter, Branch thorn seat easily blocks and pulls thin film, and epiphragma efficiency is low and easily tears film.Fruitful branch is put irregular, number Amount is not fixed, and different in size, the quality of each fruitful branch is inconsistent.The spray drip irrigation zone used, generally pastes Landing ground is walked, and causes tree dish wet side narrow, and liquid manure easily descends seepage flow to lose, and is unfavorable for fibrous root extensive growth and removes The operations such as swath fertilizer.
The information being disclosed in this background section is merely intended to increase the reason of the general background to the present invention Solve, and be not construed as recognizing or imply in any form that this information structure is for this area general technology Prior art well known to personnel.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Hylocereus undatus open side type cultivating stand, thus overcome existing Hylocereus undatus The Hylocereus undatus plant opening angle that cultivating stand exists is little, and the efficiency of light energy utilization is low, the shortcoming of farm work inconvenience.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the standardized planting method of a kind of Hylocereus undatus, to improve HUOLONG Really fine work fruit rate and cultivation benefit.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand, including: column, It is located in Hylocereus undatus planting area, and described column is provided with climing the highest of Hylocereus undatus master and ties up climing point;Torr branch Circle, it is fixed on described column, be positioned at described in the highest lower section tying up climing point, described torr branch circle sets Tie up a labelling;And many barriers, many described barriers are uniformly distributed on described torr branch circle.
Preferably, in technique scheme, described barriers is bracing wire, and described bracing wire is inclined to set, Its one end is located on described torr branch circle, and the other end is located on described column.
Preferably, in technique scheme, on described torr branch circle by cross support with described column even Connecing, described bracing wire is four, and corresponding described cross of described bracing wire one end is set up on described torr branch circle, The other end is located on described column.
Preferably, in technique scheme, the highest bondage of described column is pointed out and is provided with bondage hole, is using Under state, tying rope is wound around through described bondage hole that Hylocereus undatus master is climing and fixing Hylocereus undatus master is climing.
Preferably, in technique scheme, the middle and lower part of described column is provided with spray irrigation pipe fixing hole.
A kind of standardized cultural method of Hylocereus undatus, utilizes above-mentioned single-column cultivating stand to cultivate, including Following steps:
(1) climing cultivation is led, multiple of each column definite value 1 strain Hylocereus undatus nursery stock respectively, selected main climing, When main overgrow long exceed torr branch circle time, guide that each master is climing is each passed through the torr being divided between obstruct by barriers On branch circle, exceed when tying up at climing of column highest point when master is climing, by main climing bondage thereon, then carry out Pinch, until main climing apical growth to time the most sagging, be strapped in climing for master respectively in every bracing wire, bondage On the point slightly below the highest position tying up climing point, by the thorn seat on climing for the master below this road bind wire and reserved In climing three seamed edges of bud position master, the thorn seat on vertical seamed edge the most upward is all castrated and is removed, and main climing cultivation completes;
(2) the climing cultivation of result: the 10-12 bar result grown from reserved bud position on climing is climing puts respectively by leading Put or be fixed on the appointment region being blocked the spaced apart torr branch circle of part.
Preferably, in technique scheme, in 4 faces of column definite value 1 respectively in described step (1) Strain Hylocereus undatus.
Preferably, in technique scheme, described step (1) the highest ties up climing point when main long exceeding of overgrowing Pinch when 50 centimetres.
Compared with prior art, there is advantages that
(1) Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand of the present invention, the tree of single plant fixes, and training orientation is complete Flow process is convenient formulate clear and definite, can qualitative, quantitative and parameter and standard easy to implement, reduce individual as far as possible The dependence of experience, increases agro-industrial accurately judging and holding when technology implementation, is also beneficial to improve operation Efficiency and quantitative appraisal work efficiency, be additionally favorable for controlling cultivation such as (nutrition/result) Shoot-fruit ratio and regulation in term etc. The enforcement of measure.
(2) the fruitful branch quantity of each plant, length, rugosity, position are fixed, spreading angle is relative to one Cause and rationally, light be relatively uniform unanimously, and the individual variation between single plant and single fruitful branch is less, Be conducive to improving into bow structure fruit and the concordance of fruit quality, be also easy to make every mu of fruitful branch quantity and each The batch amount of yielding positive results controls to be maintained at relatively reasonable quantitative range.
(3) fruitful branch is put neat, several without juxtaposition, when carrying out old branch renewal pruning, does not stays Stub, can make tree crown keep the most penetrating, be difficult to there is medicinal liquid dead angle, be conducive to alleviating disease pest during spray medicine Evil occurs.
(4) present invention standardized Hylocereus undatus cultural method, in " the standardization training of open side type cultivating stand Pattern " under, every mu of climing quantity of standard results is relatively fixed (5000~6000), shoot mass (length, Rugosity, branch age etc.) relatively uniform, it is achieved " staying branch not give up, useless branch does not stays ".According to standardization training mould Cultivation management scheme and process standard based on formula are implemented, and generally can turn out and reach parameter and standard " standard plant ", after entering " yielding positive results the stage ", the yield of fruit, quality have just had basis and have protected Barrier.Standardization training pattern in addition to there is the advantages such as low cost, work efficiency are high, stable and controllable for quality, Also provide for operations such as the flower and fruit management in " fruiting period " stage, fruit quality lifting and regulations in term Space and convenience, be conducive to improving Hylocereus undatus fine work fruit rate and cultivation benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is to hold in the palm the knot at branch circle during the Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand cultivation Hylocereus undatus plant according to the present invention Structure schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood that this The protection domain of invention is not limited by detailed description of the invention.
Explicitly indicate that unless otherwise other, otherwise in entire disclosure and claims, term " bag Include " or its conversion as " comprising " or " including " etc. will be understood to comprise stated element or Ingredient, and do not get rid of other element or other ingredient.
As it is shown in figure 1, according to a kind of Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand of the specific embodiment of the invention, including: Column 1 is located in Hylocereus undatus planting area, embedded depth 50cm.Torr branch circle 2 is by cross steel bar support 3 are fixed on described column 1, and torr branch circle 2 is apart from ground level 100~120cm, tree crown branch curtain layer Highly 70~150cm, meet the height feature of southerner, both facilitated the operations such as pruning, tree crown can be made again Branch curtain layer height keeps maximum, beneficially field to keep penetrating.Many barriers, many described barriers 4 Being uniformly distributed on described torr branch circle 2, one end connects column, other end connection cross support.Torr branch Circle 2 is provided with ties up a labelling.On torr branch circle, every 4cm sets fixing binding 1 road, utilizes execution standardization whole Branch, make fruitful branch put neatly, quantity determines, length unanimously, steady quality, beneficially fruit quality steady Fixed, and facilitate the enforcement of the measures such as regulation in term.
Preferably, the column 1 at distance ground level 150cm is provided with ties up climing hole 11, is the highest tying up Climing, tie up climing hole 11 and be positioned at the top of torr branch circle 2.In a state of use, tying rope passes described bondage Hole is wound around that Hylocereus undatus master is climing and fixing Hylocereus undatus master is climing.150cm highly set tie up climing hole 11 with torr branch circle 2 join Closing, master can be made climing and fruitful branch spreading angle is maintained at about 45 °, the efficiency of light energy utilization is high.
Preferably, barriers is bracing wire, and described bracing wire 4 is inclined to set, and described torr branch is located in its one end Being connected with cross frame on circle 2, the other end is located on described column 1.I.e. bracing wire is formed with torr branch circle Conical structure, fixing master is climing and makes main climing holding reasonable spreading angle structure.And the top of column 1 exceeds About 30cm above tree crown, prevents branch thorn seat from easily blocking and pulls thin film when facilitating epiphragma cold-proof.
Preferably, the middle and lower part of described column 1 is provided with jet pipe fixing hole 5.Fixing jet pipe hole is set, dripping Fill band and make spray irrigation pipe into, by patch the drip irrigation walked make aerial spraying into, be conducive to increasing tree dish wet side and Control the humidity of Root Distribution layer, reduce seepage flow under liquid manure simultaneously and lose, meet that Hylocereus undatus root system is shallow, distribution Wide feature, beneficially root system are in tree dish shallow-layer extensive growth.
A kind of standardized cultural method of Hylocereus undatus, uses single-column cultivating stand described above to cultivate, Including main climing cultivation stage and the climing cultivation stage of result.
Main climing cultivation stage
Main climing cultivation stage refers to after seedling planting, through choosing bud, surely lead climing, tie up and climing draw the links such as branch, Guide the main climing direction along setting and position to grow after torr branch circle (added), hang down to certain The whole process pinched after length.The mark terminated as this stage using " pinching ", now leads climing in list Dry (without branch) state, total length is about 200cm.
(1) transplanted seedling tree, is suitable for March to May or JIUYUE to be planted to October, should select variety pure Degree height, well developed root system and the nursery stock of uniformity.1 strain Hylocereus undatus is planted in 4 faces of each column respectively Nursery stock, plants the most shallow, and the degree of depth is advisable with collar portion 3cm~5cm that bury, and mu plants 444~532 strains. Drench foot after field planting and determine root water, keep the ground moistening of tree dish arable layer throughout the year.
(2) selecting bud and surely lead climing, after slow Seedling, nursery stock pumping one is to several sproutings.When (about 70%) When the strongest sprouting length of growth potential exceedes the minimum red marker of column, the sprouting that growth potential of selecting and remain is the strongest Cultivation is main climing A.Preferably after selected sprouting is climing as master, complete first and tie up climing, as early as possible by remaining sprouting Remove.
(3) tie up climing, climing constantly grow elongation along with main, every 40 centimetres of bondages together, available cloth Or the rope made of hemp carries out bondage.
(4) pinch, until main climing continue long to exceed the highest tie up climing point 50 centimetres time pinch, with referring to Terminal bud is blocked removal by point or secateurs.
(5) except bud, the lateral bud that remaining trunk in addition to main climing terminal bud grows all is wiped out or smeared Fall.
(6) castrate thorn, after pinching, by the whole thorn seats on climing for the master that saves position below the binding strip of bracing wire and Trunk reserves the thorn seat in the seamed edge of three, bud position on vertical seamed edge the most upward, with sharp pocket knife in weather Time sunny, all cut off stinging the related a little meat of seat;
(2) the climing B of result cultivates, and treats that trunk reserves the sprouting length grown on bud position to more than 80 centimetres Time pinch, then it is placed respectively or is fixed on be blocked part spaced apart torr branch circle appointment region on, It is climing that cultivation becomes result.
Under " the standardization training pattern " of improvement open side type, every mu of climing quantity of standard results is relatively fixed (5000~6000), shoot mass (length, rugosity, branch age etc.) is relatively uniform, it is achieved " stay branch Not giving up, useless branch does not stays ".According to the cultivation management scheme based on standardization training pattern and process standard Implement, generally can turn out " the standard plant " reaching parameter and standard, enter " yielding positive results the stage " After, the yield of fruit, quality have just had basis and have ensured.Standardization training pattern except have low cost, Beyond the advantages such as work efficiency is high, stable and controllable for quality, it is also the flower and fruit management in " fruiting period " stage, fruit The operation such as quality-improving and regulation in term provides space and convenient, is conducive to improving Hylocereus undatus fine work fruit Rate and cultivation benefit.
The importing of Hylocereus undatus " standard plant " concept, solidifies tree mode, makes each management link stream Journey is implemented on the plant that growth is relatively uniform, and operation standard is relatively uniform, it is simple to unification efficiently completes, behaviour After completing, plant strain growth more reaches unanimity, make Hylocereus undatus cultivation can realize " 1 plant good at managing, With regard to unlimited plant good at managing ".
Hylocereus undatus " single-column cultivating stand and standardized planting method " is carried out for experimental cultivar with No. 2 kinds of U.S. dragon Comparative test with " traditional cultivation method " is studied, and resident time is in mid-September, 2013, in 2015 Carrying out investigation on November 10, in and survey product, result shows " single-column cultivating stand and standardized planting method " It is right that diameter of fruit branch, mean fruit weight and large fruit rate aspect the most relatively compare CK group " traditional cultivation pattern " Exceed 6.1,26.8 and 113.4 (seeing table 1) according to group, and year per mu yield be slightly above matched group, Illustrate that Hylocereus undatus cultivating stand and standardized planting method can improve the sturdy degree of result branch, make to be tied Fruit is bigger, and commodity more preferably, thus is effectively improved the economic benefit of cultivation.
Table 1 Hylocereus undatus single-column frame and standardized planting method are (U.S. imperial with the comparative test result of traditional cultivation method No. 2 kinds)
The aforementioned description to the specific illustrative embodiment of the present invention illustrates that and the purpose of illustration. These descriptions are not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to above-mentioned Teaching, can much change and change.The purpose selected exemplary embodiment and describe exists In explaining the certain principles of the present invention and actual application thereof, so that those skilled in the art can be real Now and utilize the various different exemplary of the present invention and various different selection and change. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. a Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand, it is characterised in that including:
Column, it is located in Hylocereus undatus planting area, and described column is provided with climing the highest of Hylocereus undatus master and ties up Climing point;
Torr branch circle, it is fixed on described column, be positioned at described in the highest lower section tying up climing point, described torr Branch circle is provided with ties up a labelling;And
Many barriers, many described barriers are uniformly distributed on described torr branch circle.
Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described barriers For bracing wire, described bracing wire is inclined to set, and its one end is located on described torr branch circle, and the other end is located at described On column.
Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described torr branch circle On be connected with described column by cross support, described bracing wire is four, described bracing wire one end correspondence institute Stating cross to be set up on described torr branch circle, the other end is located on described column.
Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described column is High bondage is pointed out and is provided with bondage hole, and in a state of use, tying rope is wound around Hylocereus undatus through described bondage hole Main climing and fixing Hylocereus undatus master is climing.
Hylocereus undatus single-column cultivating stand the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described column Middle and lower part is provided with spray irrigation pipe fixing hole.
6. the standardized cultural method of Hylocereus undatus, it is characterised in that utilize described in claim 1 Single-column cultivating stand is cultivated, and comprises the following steps:
(1) climing cultivation is led, multiple of each column definite value 1 strain Hylocereus undatus nursery stock respectively, selected main climing, When main overgrow long exceed torr branch circle time, guide that each master is climing is each passed through the torr being divided between obstruct by barriers On branch circle, exceed when tying up at climing of column highest point when master is climing, by main climing bondage thereon, then carry out Pinch, when main climing apical growth is sagging, be strapped in climing for master respectively in bracing wire, by this road bind wire with Under master climing on thorn seat and climing three seamed edges of reserved bud position master in the vertical thorn seat on seamed edge the most upward All castrating and remove, main climing cultivation completes;
(2) the climing cultivation of result: the 10-12 bar result grown from reserved bud position on climing is climing puts respectively by leading Put or be fixed on the appointment region being blocked the spaced apart torr branch circle of part.
The standardized cultural method of Hylocereus undatus the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly at 4 faces of column definite value 1 strain Hylocereus undatus respectively in (1).
The standardized cultural method of Hylocereus undatus the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly in (1) when main overgrow long exceed the highest tie up climing point 50 centimetres time pinch.
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CN107743784A (en) * 2017-09-26 2018-03-02 四川省应用技术有限责任公司 The artificial Lutao of intelligent high-altitude steel pipe and preparation method
CN108207414A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-06-29 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 A kind of removable dragon fruit seedling cultivation case and store method
CN109429931A (en) * 2018-09-29 2019-03-08 南宁市恒冠农资有限公司 A kind of cultural method of dragon fruit
CN112119803A (en) * 2020-08-19 2020-12-25 句容市乡土树种研究所 High-yield planting method for dragon fruits and support frame used by same
CN112136592A (en) * 2020-09-29 2020-12-29 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Improved frame type dragon fruit cement pipe and dragon fruit cultivation method

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CN104855099A (en) * 2015-05-17 2015-08-26 井冈山农业科技园管理委员会 Method for cultivating pitaya in greenhouse
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CN203896877U (en) * 2014-06-20 2014-10-29 贵州省果树科学研究所 Single-column type square cement cultivation frame for dragon fruits
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CN106508487A (en) * 2016-11-14 2017-03-22 重庆井然农业发展有限公司 Fruit tree planting support device
CN107743784A (en) * 2017-09-26 2018-03-02 四川省应用技术有限责任公司 The artificial Lutao of intelligent high-altitude steel pipe and preparation method
CN108207414A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-06-29 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 A kind of removable dragon fruit seedling cultivation case and store method
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CN109429931A (en) * 2018-09-29 2019-03-08 南宁市恒冠农资有限公司 A kind of cultural method of dragon fruit
CN112119803A (en) * 2020-08-19 2020-12-25 句容市乡土树种研究所 High-yield planting method for dragon fruits and support frame used by same
CN112136592A (en) * 2020-09-29 2020-12-29 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Improved frame type dragon fruit cement pipe and dragon fruit cultivation method
CN112136592B (en) * 2020-09-29 2022-05-10 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Improved frame type dragon fruit cement pipe and dragon fruit cultivation method

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