CN105887491A - 一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN105887491A
CN105887491A CN201610317637.2A CN201610317637A CN105887491A CN 105887491 A CN105887491 A CN 105887491A CN 201610317637 A CN201610317637 A CN 201610317637A CN 105887491 A CN105887491 A CN 105887491A
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hydrophobic
clear solution
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张丹
余光华
郑君红
龙柱
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液及其制备方法与应用。所述的超疏水喷涂透明溶液包含：质量比为1:0.005～0.5:0.002～0.6:0.003～0.4:0.002～0.3:0.005~0.7的疏水处理剂、流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂以及成膜剂；以及，溶剂，所述溶剂与疏水处理剂的质量比为100:0.01～50。本发明的超疏水喷涂透明溶液，不仅喷涂方便、作用速度快、性质稳定，还基本适用于任何目前已知的固体表面，并且喷涂后的基材具备优异的超疏水性、抗液滴冲击能力，且其制备工艺成熟、生产成本低廉，而且生产过程绿色无毒害，适于大规模推广应用。

Description

一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域，涉及一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液、及其制备方法与应用，具体涉及一种同时兼具光学透明性、抗液滴冲击性、温度和pH稳定性、耐久性、可反复喷涂性、能喷涂于各种材料表面的透明超疏水材料。
背景技术
随着仿生学研究的逐步深入，各种基于生物特性的新型材料也随之被研发出来并造福于人们的日常生活。其中，当前研究火热的超疏水材料就是对“出淤泥而不染”的荷叶效应的模拟。一般认为与水滴的接触角大于150°的固体表面即为超疏水表面。水滴在该表面呈球状，并且在较小的倾斜角下能自由滚动滑落并随之带走表面的污渍，体现出优异的拒水及自清洁性能。因此，其在服装、建筑、玻璃、汽车、设备外壳等领域都具有非常广泛的实际应用价值。
研究表明，影响固体表面浸润性的因素主要取决于固体表面自由能的大小和表面粗糙程度。理论上，只要赋予固体表面足够低的表面自由能和微观尺度的几何粗糙度即可获得超疏水表面。当前，超疏水材料的制备方法多种多样，如模板法、层层组装法、涂层固化法等，但是这些方法往往对设备要求比较高且制备方式相对繁琐，而且当超疏水表面的特殊微纳米结构遭到破坏后，材料也将失去超疏水性能，若要再次赋予材料超疏水的性能，需要经过再次较复杂的加工，费时费力。因此，开发出一种更简便地制备超疏水表面的方法，以及具有耐久性、可反复喷涂性的喷剂会更加符合大众的需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液、及其制备方法与应用，不仅制备简单、使用方便、耐久性强、还可反复喷涂。
为实现前述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案包括：
本发明实施例提供了一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液，其包含：
质量比为1 : 0.005～0.5 : 0.002～0.6 : 0.003～0.4: 0.002～0.3: 0.005~0.7的疏水处理剂、流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂以及成膜剂；
以及，溶剂，所述溶剂与疏水处理剂的质量比为100 : 0.01～50
进一步的，所述疏水处理剂、流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂以及成膜剂的质量比优选为1 : 0.005～0.3 : 0.002～0.4 : 0.003～0.3 : 0.002～0.2 : 0.005～0.5，尤其优选为1 : 0.01～0.3 : 0.02～0.4 : 0.005～0.3 : 0.005～0.2 : 0.01～0.5，当采用这样的比例时，所制备的超疏水溶液具有更好的流动性，更快的干燥速率以及更为耐久的超疏水效果。
进一步的，所述溶剂与疏水处理剂的质量比优选为100 : 0.01～30，尤其优选为100 : 0.05～20，当采用这样的比例时，所制备的超疏水溶液具有更高的透光率。
在一些实施方案之中，所述的溶剂包括但不限于水、醇类、脂肪酮类、脂肪烃类或芳香烃类。
进一步的，所述的醇类溶剂包括但不限于乙醇、异丙醇、异戊醇、丙三醇中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
进一步的，所述脂肪酮类溶剂包括但不限于丙酮、丁酮中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
进一步的，所述脂肪烃类溶剂包括但不限于正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、环己酮、环己烷中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
进一步的，所述的芳香烃类溶剂包括但不限于甲苯、二甲苯中的任意一种或两种的组合。
在一些实施方案之中，所述的疏水处理剂包括但不限于纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化硅、纳米三氧化二铝、金刚石粉末、碳纳米管、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四辛酯、正硅酸四乙酯、氟碳化合物、有机硅树脂、长链脂肪酸中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
优选的，所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液包含0.01 wt %～50 wt %疏水处理剂。
在一些实施方案之中，所述的流平剂包括但不限于聚丙烯酸、羧甲基纤维素、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
在一些实施方案之中，所述的抗氧化剂包括但不限于抗坏血酸、茶多酚、丁基羟基茴香醚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、叔丁基对苯二酚中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
在一些实施方案之中，所述的分散剂包括但不限于三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
在一些实施方案之中，所述的催干剂包括但不限于异辛酸锆、异辛酸锰、异辛酸钴、异辛酸铋、对甲苯磺酸胺中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
在一些实施方案之中，所述的成膜剂包括但不限于乙二醇单丙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、十二碳醇酯、壳聚糖、丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯胺、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
优选的，所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液中所含纳米微粒的粒径为5～200 nm。
本发明实施例还提供了一种制备所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液的方法，其包括：
（1）将疏水处理剂均匀分散于溶剂内均一稳定的分散液；
（2）将流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂和成膜剂均匀分散于步骤（1）所获分散液中，形成所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
在一些实施方案之中，步骤（1）包括：将疏水处理剂与溶剂混合形成混合物，并以200～1000 rpm的速度搅拌1～30 min，之后用功率为100～1000 W的超声分散仪超声处理1～10 min得到均一稳定的分散液。
在一些实施方案之中，步骤（2）包括：向步骤（1）所获分散液中加入流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂以及成膜剂，再经功率为100～1000 W的超声分散仪超声处理1～10 min得到稳定的分散液，即为所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
在一更为具体的实施案例中，所述制备方法可以包括：
（1）将疏水处理剂与溶剂以0.01～50：100的重量比混合形成混合物，并用磁力搅拌以200～1000 rpm的范围内搅拌1～30 min再用功率为100～1000 W的超声分散仪超声分散仪处理1～10 min得到均一稳定的分散液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入与疏水剂重量比为1 : 0.005～0.5 : 0.002～0.6 : 0.003～0.4: 0.002～0.3: 0.005~0.7的流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂以及成膜剂，再经功率为100～1000 W的超声分散仪超声分散仪处理1～10 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
本发明实施例还提供了所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液作为基材疏水剂中的应用。
本发明实施例还提供了一种基材疏水剂，其包含所述的超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
本发明实施例还提供了一种基材的表面处理方法，其包括：采用所述的透明超疏水溶液喷涂于基材表面，室温下干燥后形成透明涂层。
本发明实施例还提供了由所述的透明超疏水溶液干燥形成的涂层结构。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点包括：
（1）本发明提供了一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液，不仅喷涂方便、作用速度快、性质稳定，还基本适用于任何目前已知的固体表面，并且喷涂后的基材具备优异的超疏水性、抗液滴冲击能力、pH和温度稳定性、耐久性、可反复喷涂性。
（2）本发明还提供了一种所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液的制备方法，该方法不仅工艺成熟、生产成本低廉，而且生产过程绿色无毒害，适于大规模推广应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的超疏水喷涂透明溶液在棉布上制得的超疏水涂层的扫描电镜图片；
图2为本发明实施例2的超疏水喷涂透明溶液在棉布上制得的超疏水涂层与水滴的接触角测试图；
图3为本发明实施例3的超疏水喷涂透明溶液喷涂牛仔布后滴上水滴的照片；
图4为本发明实施例4的超疏水喷涂透明溶液的实物图。
具体实施方式
下文将对本发明的技术方案作更为详尽的解释说明。但是，应当理解，在本发明范围内，本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合，从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅，在此不再一一累述。
实施例 1 ：
（1）分别称取20 g纳米SiO2，30 g有机硅树脂和100 g无水乙醇于250 mL的烧杯中，用300 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌30 min，随后用功率为1000 W的超声分散仪超声10 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入0.25 g的甲基三乙氧基硅烷、0.1 g抗坏血酸、0.15 g十二烷基硫酸钠、0.1 g异辛酸钴以及0.15 g十二碳醇酯，随后用功率为1000 W的超声分散仪超声10 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待乙醇完全挥发完之后，该纺织布表面获得超疏水涂层。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到152°。
实施例 2：
（1）分别称取0.01 g纳米TiO2和100 g异丙醇于250 mL的烧杯中，用200 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌1 min，随后用功率为100的超声分散仪超声1 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入0.005 g的γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、0.006 g 2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、0.004 g六偏磷酸钠、0.003 g异辛酸锰以及0.007 g二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵，随后用功率为100的超声分散仪超声1 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待异丙醇完全挥发完之后，该纺织布表面获得超疏水涂层。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到156°。
实施例 3 ：
（1）分别称取5 g纳米Al2O3，15 g氟碳化合物和100 g丙酮于250 mL的烧杯中，用500 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌15 min，随后用功率为500 W的超声分散仪超声5 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入5 g的聚二甲基硅氧烷、6 g叔丁基对苯二酚、4 g脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、3 g对甲苯磺酸胺以及7 g丙烯酸树脂，随后用功率为500 W的超声分散仪超声 5 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的牛仔布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该牛仔布，待丙酮完全挥发完之后，该纺织布表面获得超疏水涂层。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到150°。
实施例 4 ：
（1）分别称取2 g钛酸四丁酯，8 g长链脂肪酸和100 g甲苯于250 mL的烧杯中，用500 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌7 min，随后用功率为300 W的超声分散仪超声10 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入0.5 g的辛基三乙氧基硅烷、1 g丁基羟基茴香醚、0.4 g聚丙烯酰胺、0.5 g异辛酸铋以及1 g乙二醇单丙醚，随后用功率为300 W的超声分散仪超声 4 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待甲苯完全挥发完之后，该纺织布表面获得超疏水涂层。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到160°。
实施例 5 ：
（1）分别称取0.1 g正硅酸四乙酯，0.9 g 有机硅树脂，50 g乙醇，50 g丙三醇于250 mL的烧杯中，用1000 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌20 min，随后用功率为700 W的超声分散仪超声4 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入2 g的异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、0.5 g茶多酚、0.3 g三乙基己基磷酸、0.6 g异辛酸锆以及1.5 g乙二醇单丁醚，随后用功率为700 W的超声分散仪超声 7 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待乙醇和丙三醇完全挥发完之后，该纺织布表面获得超疏水涂层。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到165°。
对照例 1 ：
（1）分别称取20 g纳米SiO2，30 g有机硅树脂和100 g无水乙醇于250 mL的烧杯中，用300 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌30 min，随后用功率为1000 W的超声分散仪超声10 min得到分散均匀的溶液。
（2）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待乙醇完全挥发完之后，测试水珠在该纺织布表面的接触角。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角仅有90°。
实施例 6：
（1）分别称取0.01 g纳米TiO2和100 g甲苯于250 mL的烧杯中，用200 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌1 min，随后用功率为100的超声分散仪超声1 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入0.005 g的辛基三乙氧基硅烷，随后用功率为100的超声分散仪超声1 min得到稳定的分散液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待甲苯完全挥发完之后，测试水珠在该纺织布表面的接触角。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到102°。
对照例 2 ：
（1）分别称取5 g正硅酸四乙酯，15 g氟碳化合物和100 g丙酮于250 mL的烧杯中，用500 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌15 min，随后用功率为500 W的超声分散仪超声5 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入5 g的聚二甲基硅氧烷、6 g茶多酚，随后用功率为500 W的超声分散仪超声 5 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待丙酮完全挥发完之后，测试水珠在该纺织布表面的接触角。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到93°。
实施例 7 ：
（1）分别称取2 g钛酸四丁酯，8 g长链脂肪酸和100 g异丙醇于250 mL的烧杯中，用500 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌7 min，随后用功率为300 W的超声分散仪超声10 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入0.5 g的γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、1 g丁基羟基茴香醚、0.4 g聚丙烯酰胺，随后用功率为300 W的超声分散仪超声 4 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待异丙醇完全挥发完之后，测试水珠在该纺织布表面的接触角。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到105°。
对照例 3 ：
（1）分别称取0.1 g纳米Al2O3，0.9 g 有机硅树脂，50 g乙醇，50 g丙三醇于250 mL的烧杯中，用1000 rpm的磁力搅拌机搅拌20 min，随后用功率为700 W的超声分散仪超声4 min得到分散均匀的溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）制得的分散液中加入2 g的异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、0.5 g叔丁基对苯二酚、0.3 g三乙基己基磷酸、0.6 g异辛酸锆以，随后用功率为700 W的超声分散仪超声 7 min得到稳定的分散液，即获得所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
（3）截取一定尺寸的纺织布，将步骤1中的分散液均匀地喷涂该纺织布，待乙醇和丙三醇完全挥发完之后，测试水珠在该纺织布表面的接触角。
（4）本实施例获得的纺织布与水的接触角达到97°。
应当理解，本发明的技术内容及技术特征已揭示如上，然而熟悉本领域的技术人员仍可能基于本发明的教示及揭示而作种种不背离本发明精神的替换及修饰，因此，本发明保护范围应不限于实施例所揭示的内容，而应包括各种不背离本发明的替换及修饰，并为本专利申请权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (10)

1.一种超疏水喷涂透明溶液，其特征在于包含：
质量比为1 : 0.005～0.5 : 0.002～0.6 : 0.003～0.4: 0.002～0.3: 0.005~0.7的疏水处理剂、流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂以及成膜剂；
以及，溶剂，所述溶剂与疏水处理剂的质量比为100：0.01～50。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水喷涂透明溶液，其特征在于：
所述的疏水处理剂包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化硅、纳米三氧化二铝、金刚石粉末、碳纳米管、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四辛酯、正硅酸四乙酯、氟碳化合物、有机硅树脂、长链脂肪酸中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；
和/或，所述的溶剂包括水、醇类、脂肪酮类、脂肪烃类和芳香烃类中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；所述的醇类溶剂包括乙醇、异丙醇、异戊醇、丙三醇中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；所述脂肪烃酮类溶剂包括丙酮或丁酮；所述脂肪烃类溶剂包括正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、环己烷中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；所述的芳香烃类溶剂包括甲苯、二甲苯中的任意一种或两种的组合；
和/或，所述的流平剂包括聚丙烯酸、羧甲基纤维素、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；
和/或，所述的抗氧化剂包括抗坏血酸、茶多酚、丁基羟基茴香醚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、叔丁基对苯二酚中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；
和/或，所述的分散剂包括三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；
和/或，所述的催干剂包括异辛酸锆、异辛酸锰、异辛酸钴、异辛酸铋、对甲苯磺酸胺中的任意一种或两种以上的组合；
和/或，所述的成膜剂包括乙二醇单丙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、十二碳醇酯、壳聚糖、丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯胺、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水喷涂透明溶液，其特征在于：所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液中所含纳米微粒的粒径为5～200 nm；
和/或，所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液包含0.01 wt %～50 wt %疏水处理剂。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液的制备方法，其特征在于包括：
（1）将疏水处理剂均匀分散于溶剂内成均一稳定的分散液；
（2）将流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂和成膜剂均匀分散于步骤（1）所获分散液中，形成所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）包括：将疏水处理剂与溶剂混合形成混合物，并以200～1000 rpm的速度搅拌1～30 min，之后超声处理1～10 min得到均一稳定的分散液。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）包括：向步骤（1）所获分散液中加入流平剂、抗氧化剂、分散剂、催干剂以及成膜剂，再经超声处理1～10 min得到稳定的分散液，即为所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
7.权利要求1-3中任一项所述超疏水喷涂透明溶液作为基材疏水剂中的应用。
8.一种基材疏水剂，其特征在于包含权利要求1-3中任一项所述的超疏水喷涂透明溶液。
9.一种基材的表面处理方法，其特征在于包括：采用权利要求1-3中任一项所述的透明超疏水溶液喷涂于基材表面，经干燥后形成透明涂层。
10.由权利要求1-3中任一项所述的透明超疏水溶液干燥形成的涂层结构。
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