CN105884957B - 用于水泥类亚结构的改进的聚合物组合物 - Google Patents

用于水泥类亚结构的改进的聚合物组合物 Download PDF

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CN105884957B
CN105884957B CN201610220698.7A CN201610220698A CN105884957B CN 105884957 B CN105884957 B CN 105884957B CN 201610220698 A CN201610220698 A CN 201610220698A CN 105884957 B CN105884957 B CN 105884957B
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copolymer
mixture
derived
weight
arrcostab
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CN105884957A (zh
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迈克尔·雷·李尔曼
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International Solution Of Wei Si Ltd Co
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于水泥类亚结构的改进的聚合物组合物。本发明涉及一种能够抑制从混凝土结构中的湿蒸汽散发并且增强终饰材料对混凝土结构的粘附性的组合物，所述组合物包含：由偏二卤乙烯和丙烯酸C1‑C2烷基酯形成的链节单元的第一共聚物与由偏二卤乙烯和丙烯酸C4‑C5烷基酯形成的链节单元的第二共聚物的含水聚合物混合物，并且涉及在混凝土上形成水分阻隔/粘附性促进剂涂层的方法，其包括基于每14m2(150平方英尺)混凝土结构自由面施加2.8‑5.6升(0.75‑1.5加仑)具有10‑50重量％上述共聚物混合物的含水载体。

Description

用于水泥类亚结构的改进的聚合物组合物
本申请是申请日为2012年5月2日、申请号为201280021470.5、发明名称为“用于水泥类亚结构的改进的聚合物组合物”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
背景技术
本发明涉及由指定的共聚物以一定的规定比例的混合物形成的聚合物组合物，和所述组合物用于提供增强的水泥类建筑结构的用途。本主题组合物提供用于水泥类结构的水汽阻隔涂层和用于施加在所述结构上的材料的增强粘结剂。另外，所述组合物当施加于新浇的(未固化的)水泥类结构时，使得所得的固化结构具有增强的强度和完整性。
水泥组合物和材料，例如混凝土、水泥砌块等是建筑工业中使用的常见材料。术语“混凝土”和“水泥”各自在本文中并且在附属的权利要求书中使用，是指由水泥类组合物形成的材料和结构。本发明通过用作建筑地板和墙结构的混凝土建筑结构，例如板材等的使用来描述，尽管本发明包括水泥类组合物的其他形式。
当浇注混凝土时，需要一段时间来实现混凝土混合物的初始固化。在初始定形后，混凝土在一段长时间内固化，在此期间显现出硅酸盐和铝酸盐组分的水合，并且初始混合的过量水损失。只有在该长时间后，混凝土才显现出它的全部强度。为了使混凝土适当地固化并且实现其的设计强度，必须将水损失率保持得低。该混凝土当它们处于它们的初始形成和部分固化状态时被称为“新浇”结构。因此，公知的是在初始形成后混凝土结构长时间容水和排水。
当混凝土结构直接与地面邻接形成或者当周围地形的土工修整(grading)完成时，与地面材料接触的结构通过静水压力从地面连续给水。当混凝土形成地坪(grade-level)或地坪之下的建筑地面或者地坪之下的墙时，尤其如此。在墙结构的情形中，与地形邻接的墙的外部通常涂覆有组合物或结构成形隔膜，这些阻止水渗入墙材料。类似地，地面板材通常浇注在砂砾床和塑料隔膜上以抑制水渗入板材构造。在这两种情形中，已知部分地由于隔膜中的缺陷，在混凝土成形和浇注期间、在靠着墙结构的地形回填期间产生的缺陷，和隔膜随着时间的劣化，因此隔膜并非完全有效。因此，混凝土结构具有长时间通过其的自由面吸水和排水的趋势。
当混凝土结构保持成形原样并且具有未覆盖的自由面时，从结构中逸出的水可能具有足够小的速率并且为不明显和不重要的形式(例如水汽)。然而，当意欲使混凝土结构充当亚结构以被另外的材料覆盖而形成最终结构时，另外的材料将捕集水分。以前建议用各种涂料，包括基于丙烯酸酯聚合物的那些涂覆混凝土表面以尝试形成水阻隔涂层。这些涂层通常表现出差的粘附性并且容易从混凝土结构上剥落。这些不利影响造成施加的终饰材料以及用于将终饰材料粘附于混凝土亚结构的粘结剂劣化。另外，捕集的水分可能造成霉菌并且出现其他不希望的构造。
非常希望能够应用能够抑制从混凝土结构中的湿蒸汽散发、对混凝土结构具有高粘附性并且增强混凝土亚结构对建筑工业中普遍使用的终饰材料的粘附性的密封剂/涂料组合物。还非常希望拥有可以施加于新浇的混凝土亚结构以及完全固化的混凝土亚结构，由此加强作业进度和完工的具有上述性能的组合物。进一步希望在新近成形的混凝土结构的初始固化期间抑制水的蒸发，以允许在固化期间缓慢进行水合并且由此产生具有高强度和完整性的所得结构。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种能够抑制从混凝土结构中的湿蒸汽散发并且增强终饰材料对混凝土结构的粘附性的组合物，所述组合物包含：偏二卤乙烯和丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的第一共聚物与偏二卤乙烯和丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的第二共聚物的含水混合物，并且本发明涉及在混凝土上形成水分阻隔/粘附性促进剂涂层的方法，其包括基于每14m2(150平方英尺)混凝土结构自由面施加2.8-5.6升(0.75-1.5加仑)具有10-50重量％上述共聚物混合物的含水载体。所述混凝土结构不可预期地展现出增强的低水汽散发、施加于其上的终饰材料增强的粘附性，并且抑制施加的涂料组合物从混凝土表面剥落。另外，不可预期地发现本发明的组合物可以施加于未固化或部分固化的混凝土结构的表面以使得降低水从其中蒸发，并且由此使得形成优良的结构强度和完整性的结构。
具体实施方式
不可预期地发现，两种不同共聚物的混合物当以规定的数量组合在一起并且施加于混凝土构造时，形成能够粘附于混凝土构造表面、提供湿蒸汽散发阻隔并且充当在混凝土表面与终饰覆盖物的粘合性粘结剂之间的界面粘附性增强剂的涂层。
还不可预期地发现，该共聚物混合物当作为含水组合物施加于未固化或部分固化的混凝土结构的表面时，提供了使得所得的固化结构具有增强的强度和完整性的方式。为了减少固化过程中的水蒸发，人们传统上在固化时施加毛毡和/或重复施加水于结构的表面。除了这种施加劳动密集并且昂贵外，毛毡施加于未固化的表面可能损坏成形的结构表面并且重复施加水可能减小所得的结构在其的表面和表面附近的强度。通过一次施加下文所述的第一和第二共聚物的本混合物的含水分散液，由此消除了这些不希望的性能。
还不可预期地发现，本混合物提供了对混凝土表面，即使是已经用钢镘刀修平以提供超光滑表面的那些也表现出高粘附性以及抗磨损强度(在ASTM D4060-10下测试)的涂层。该现象可能归因于所述混合物掺入被处理表面附近的混凝土部分的能力。现有技术聚合物的含水分散液当施加于混凝土表面时，造成结构的表面层具有减小的强度和粘附性能，因此规定在传统施加终饰地板覆盖物之前将该表面层机械性除去。最后，发现本混合物使得混凝土结构的表面具有低于约8的基本中性的pH。这提供了对施加于其上的终饰材料基本惰性的表面。
所述混合物由偏二卤乙烯和丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯，优选由偏二氯乙烯和丙烯酸甲酯单体形成的第一共聚物形成。形成的共聚物具有为所述共聚物的5-40，优选5-20并且最优选5-15重量％的相应的丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯链节单元。第一共聚物的其余部分由偏二卤乙烯链节单元组成。所述共聚物还可以包含较少量(小于或等于丙烯酸酯链节单元的重量百分比)衍生自能够与上述教导的所需单体共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体，例如烯烃如乙烯、丙烯等；丙烯腈等的链节单元。所述第一共聚物传统地通过自由基聚合形成并且可商购获得。
所述混合物必须进一步具有第二共聚物，所述第二共聚物由偏二卤乙烯和丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯，优选由偏二氯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯单体形成。形成的共聚物具有为所述共聚物的3-40，优选3-15并且最优选3-10重量％的相应的丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯链节单元。第二共聚物的其余部分由偏二卤乙烯链节单元组成。所述共聚物还可以包含较少量(小于或等于丙烯酸酯链节单元的重量百分比)衍生自能够与上述教导的所需单体共聚的其他烯属不饱和单体，例如烯烃如乙烯、丙烯等；丙烯腈等的链节单元。所述聚合物传统地通过自由基聚合形成并且可商购获得。
形成所希望的混合物的第一和第二共聚物将以90:10至10:90，优选约80:20至10:90，并且更优选75:25至20:80的重量比存在。在所有情形中，上述第一和第二共聚物均必须存在以提供作为实现的本发明目标的增强性能。当所述混合物由重量比为90:10至60:40(优选80:20至70:30，并且在该范围内约75:25形成最优选的混合物)的第一和第二共聚物形成，即具有高含量的丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯/偏二卤乙烯共聚物时，所述混合物优选作为具有约10-约30重量％的低浓度的所述共聚物混合物的分散液施加。优选该分散液作为低剂量、多次施涂而施加，多次施涂由每次施涂之间0.5-1.5小时的干燥时间分隔。当所述混合物由具有较低浓度的丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯/偏二卤乙烯共聚物的重量比，即50:50至10:90(优选40:60至25:75，并且最优选30:70至35:65)的第一和第二共聚物形成时，优选将主题混合物作为具有25-50重量％共聚物混合物的高固体浓度分散液施加。在该实施方案中，分散液的一次高剂量施加通常是足够的，尽管可以使用多次施加。考虑到当使用多次施加时中间的干燥时间，一次施涂而施加的能力是非常希望的，因为施加所用的劳动和时间被最小化。该高浓度分散液可以作为相对厚的涂层施加，并且当干燥时提供了相对于混凝土基材展现出极高的粘附性和水分阻隔性能的柔韧耐磨涂层。
不可预期地发现，在上述比例范围内的第一和第二共聚物的混合物实现了提供从混凝土构造的自由(处理的)表面，即暴露面中湿蒸汽散发的大量减少、形成在暴露面附近的用聚合物混合物浸渍的混凝土结构层、在混凝土结构的自由面上形成具有与混凝土表面的高粘结强度的膜的这些所希望的性能的组合，不会表现出裂化等形式的劣化，使得其随着时间保持了它的水分阻隔性能；并且同时提供了在混凝土表面与用于将常规表面终饰材料粘结于其上的粘结剂涂层之间的良好界面粘结性能。本主题组合物能够容易地在混凝土表面上形成水分阻隔涂层，这提供了增强施加在其上的终饰材料，包括通过粘合剂(例如薄的凝固水泥、聚氨酯、环氧体系等)施加或者直接在其上施加(例如二道地板涂层(floatingfloor coatings)等)的那些的使用寿命的方式。
将单独或者作为预先组合的混合物的这两种共聚物与水混合，以提供具有10-50重量％的组合共聚物的含水分散液。如上所述，当混合物由高含量的丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯/偏二卤乙烯共聚物组成时，所述分散液优选具有10-30、15-30和20-30重量％的组合共聚物，而被施加的分散液优选具有25-50，优选30-40重量％固体的高固体含量的具有较低丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯/偏二卤乙烯共聚物含量的混合物。
通常，通过对由粒径约50-约250nm的共聚物小颗粒组成的所得混合物的高剪切混合，获得了所得的聚合物在水中的分散液。可以使用常规的乳化剂和分散剂以有助于形成均匀的组合物。所得的分散液会是酸性的，pH约1.5-3.5，优选pH约2-3，最优选2.2-2.7。可以根据需要通过加入少量无机酸将pH调节至希望的范围。含水分散液可以包含少量(通常少于约5重量％)的UV稳定剂、分散剂、乳化剂、稳定剂和/或着色剂(任选加入以有助于确保完全的施涂覆盖)。
第一和第二共聚物各自的含水分散液可以以浓缩形式运输、混合在一起并且在共混装置中使用常规混合机，例如高剪切混合机用水进一步稀释。另外，第一和第二共聚物的混合物的含水分散液可以以浓缩形式运输至工作地点，并且与新鲜水混合以将浓度降低至对于施加方式和上文所述的所得涂层而言合适的范围。作为一次或多次涂层施加的分散液将足以在目标的混凝土亚结构上形成水分阻隔/粘附性促进剂涂层。
具有主题共聚物混合物的含水分散液可以通过喷射、刷涂、高绒毛油漆辊，借助于涂刷器等容易地施加于混凝土表面，在混凝土表面上提供薄的基本均匀的分散液涂层。施加分散液，以提供当水介质蒸发时，按照固体，基于每14m2(150平方英尺)混凝土结构的自由面为约0.9-9磅(0.4-4kg)共聚物混合物固体。当共聚物混合物具有高含量的丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯/偏二卤乙烯共聚物时，混合物优选作为具有约10-30重量％共聚物混合物的低浓度分散液施加。分散液优选以多个涂层施加，得到具有基于每14m2(150ft2)混凝土结构自由面为1.9-约5磅(0.8-2.3kg)，优选2.5-3磅(1.1-1.4kg)固体混合物的涂层。在这种施加中，当施加超过2磅(0.9kg)固体以形成涂层时，优选将混合的共聚物分散液以至少两次施涂而施加，在涂层之间有0.5-1.5小时干燥时间。最好地通过一个方向上施加第一涂层以及与第一涂层施加方向相反方向施加第二涂层来施加涂层。当共聚物混合物具有低含量的丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯/偏二卤乙烯共聚物时，所述混合物优选作为具有约25-50重量％共聚物混合物的高浓度分散液施加。该分散液可以优选以一次施涂而施加，得到具有基于每14m2(150ft2)混凝土结构自由面为4-约9磅(1.8-4kg)，优选5.5-9磅(2.5-4kg)固体混合物的涂层。所得的涂层因此以一次施涂而施加，这节省了时间和劳动，仍然提供了坚韧的柔性终饰涂层。
可以将共聚物混合物的分散液施加于新浇的以及基本完全固化的混凝土构造以实现希望的性能。通常，分散液可以在距离结构形成的12小时(并且短至3小时)之后的任何时间施加。另外，即使当以低数量的固含量使用时，分散液也在6小时，大多数在4小时的施加内干燥。已经发现施加的分散液的干燥时间并不取决于处理的板材环境的环境条件。发现分散液干燥成希望的阻隔涂层和阻隔混凝土表面层，这与其所施加的混凝土基材的固化程度无关。因此，这允许在短时间内安置终饰材料并且不会阻碍建筑时间表的进程。将配方施加在新浇的混凝土上，4小时后施加环氧体系。不可预期地发现，几乎通常已知的当在新的混凝土上使用时造成环氧体系起泡和针孔的充气完全消除。
本混合物施加在未固化或部分固化的混凝土结构上提供了允许混凝土以所希望的缓慢方式固化的方式，制得增强的强度和完整性的结构，不需要采用施加覆盖物例如帆布或者重复喷水施加于结构(传统但劳动集约的用于减少水蒸发的方式)。作为在新浇混凝土结构的初始固化过程中抑制水蒸发的方式，上述共聚物混合物，尤其是用重量比50:50至10:90，并且更优选35:65至10:90的第一和第二共聚物形成的那些的含水分散液的一次施加，实现了希望的结果，而不需要不希望的费力将帆布或水施加于结构的自由面。另外，本共聚物混合物的施加基本消除了由于用帆布等覆盖表面或者由于通过喷水施加而降低混凝土表面层的强度而损坏表面的任何潜在可能。相反，发现本文所述的共聚物混合物被吸附(或吸收)进去并且成为被处理表面附近的新浇混凝土结构的层的构成部分。通过观察和微观检验发现，上述共聚物混合物的施加不会留在表面上，而是相反容易地渗入(对于通常的施加，混合物渗透至表面以下约15-25密耳，例如平均约18密耳的深度)被处理表面附近的结构，使得所得的结构实现没有缺陷并且具有增强的完整性和强度的结构。
已经发现，当现在所规定的共聚物混合物以上述数量作为基本均匀的涂层施加于混凝土表面时，获得了将根据ASTM 1869的水汽散发(MVER)或湿蒸汽散发率抑制至基于每1000ft2每24小时为小于3磅，并且最通常至小于2.5磅(通常以磅提及)的膜。ASTM F710特别地注释：当根据ASTM F1869的试验方法测试时，当湿蒸汽散发率基于1000平方英尺每24小时为不超过三(3)磅水时，混凝土适宜地干燥。该三磅的点被地板覆盖物、粘合剂和树脂质涂料产品的生产商用作公认的基准点，这是因为已知不会由于水分造成不利影响。同时，形成的本发明涂层对于混凝土表面表现出高的粘附性，可以容易地施加于新浇以及完全固化的混凝土结构，并且当施加终饰表面时提供了与工业中使用的广泛范围的粘合剂的良好相容性和粘附性。
所希望的充当终饰覆盖物的材料包括地板产品，例如实木铺板、木材层压品、聚合物层压品(亚麻油毡和类似产品)、乙烯基/VCT、橡胶、环氧地板体系、各种砖瓦地板、地毯和自调平的水泥地毯衬以及磨损面。这些材料常规地通过施加适合于特定地板产品的粘合剂组合物而施加于混凝土板材上。常规地用有凹口的镘刀(notched trowel)进行施加，以施加规定和均匀数量的粘合剂用于终饰覆盖物的粘结。不可预期地发现，相对于常规用于将终饰的覆盖材料粘结于混凝土亚地板结构的广泛种类的粘合剂，例如丙烯酸系胶乳、过渡压敏性粘合剂(transitional pressure sensitive adhesives)、聚氨酯等，本混合物相容并且具有高的粘附性能。
给出以下实施例仅用于说明的目的，并不意在限制本文所述的发明或者附属的权利要求书。除非另外规定，说明书、实施例和附属的权利要求书中给出的所有份和百分比以重量计。另外，本文提供的所有范围或数值将被认为具体公开了每个给定的范围内的所有子集范围。
实施例I
使用适用于4,000psi袋混合物的说明，使用与干净水混合的商业获得的干混凝土混合物袋(备用混合物)浇注一系列12”圆形混凝土板材。然后将均匀的混凝土混合物倾倒在橡胶基质上的由3.5”高碳钢架形成的模具中。这通过采用三个各自振动的提升机并且压实，然后最后用光滑镘刀加工来进行。在48小时内，移去钢架并且使样品板材固化28天。然后将100％固体环氧(3个涂层)施加于3.5”侧边以及顶部和底部的2”周边处，在样品板材的顶部和底部的中心留下9.75”直径的暴露的混凝土区域。使其固化7天。然后用足够数量的含水混合物涂覆样品，从而以每一涂层每14m2为2.8磅的比例，两个涂层间隔1小时来提供固体涂层，所述含水混合物具有22wt.％固体的具有10wt.％丙烯酸甲酯和90wt.％偏二氯乙烯的第一共聚物与具有5wt％丙烯酸丁酯、5wt％丙烯腈和90wt.％偏二氯乙烯的第二共聚物的混合物。所述含水组合物具有2的pH。4小时后，将样品放入试验装置，启动水汽增加至希望的数量。
在初始浇注后12小时，将具有22wt.％固体的偏二氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物与偏二氯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物的90:10混合物的含水分散液施加于三个板材样品的表面，以代表施加于“新浇的”混凝土板材上。在浇注后30天涂覆另外三个板材以代表完全固化的混凝土。使用1/4英寸绒毛油漆辊容易地铺展分散液，总计两个涂层，这两个涂层以14m2/加仑的速率施加。在所有情形中，在施加后少于0.5小时内发现涂层触摸起来干燥。
根据ASTM F 1869的步骤在涂层施加前和涂层施加后28天通过测量每一样品的湿蒸汽散发率(MVER)，确定主题的混合共聚物涂层的水分阻隔能力。表1中给出的结果是每组三个样品的平均值。使用的装置提供对样品的高湿蒸汽压的模拟。被处理的样品表现出高阻隔能力和在混凝土与阻隔涂层之间良好保持的粘附性。
另外，将50mm直径底座施加环氧体系并且放在共聚物涂覆的混凝土样品上。根据ASTM D7234进行粘附性拉伸试验。结果在下文的表1中给出。
使用由两种共聚物的变化比例的分散液形成的涂层重复上述试验步骤。用包含两种共聚物的混合物形成的涂层对于MVER和粘附性都表现良好。涂层容易地施加并且得到随着时间不表现出劣化的表面。结果在下表1中给出。
实施例II
为了比较的目的，单独使用每种共聚物进行上面实施例I中所述的试验。这些试验的结果报导在下表II中。结果表明，没有一种共聚物当单独使用时形成具有用本规定的共聚物混合物所实现的希望的性能的涂层。相对于其所施加的混凝土，VC/丙烯酸甲酯涂层表现出基本没有粘附性能。另外，所得的VC/丙烯酸甲酯涂层脆并且在轻的冲击力下粉碎。因此，VC/丙烯酸甲酯涂层将不能制得合适的涂层而赋予现在被本发明实现的水分阻隔和粘附性能。另外，结果表明VC/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物当单独使用时形成具有差的水分阻隔性能(高于3.0的试验值不可接受)的涂层；固化的涂层到处表现出微裂纹并且涂层渗入水泥亚结构表面中少于4密耳。
表1
表II
实施例III
根据在ASTM D4060-10(“通过Taber磨耗仪的用于有机涂层的耐磨性的标准试验方法”)下规定的试验方法，测试具有40wt.％固体的偏二氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物与偏二氯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物的30:70混合物的含水分散液的耐磨性，并且根据ASTM C1315-11的试验方法测试耐酸/碱性。根据题为“制备水泥板用于测试涂层的标准实践”的ASTMD1734-07，制造由白色水泥砂浆形成的4个13×9×0.5英寸(330×229×13mm)试验板。将板用钢镘刀抛光并且通过在其上喷射30:70混合物的含水分散液而涂覆其中两个板，得到每0.85ft2 0.26m2为12.7ml的涂层。在放置新浇砂浆后约3小时，在潮湿条件下将涂层施加于板上。使全部4个板在73+/-2°F(23+/-3℃)和50+/-2％的RH下固化。在固化2天后，从板上切割4×4英寸(17×17mm)试样用于Taber和酸/碱试验。
三个一组的样品的结果在下表III和IV中给出。
表III
Taber磨耗试验
涂覆的样品
Taber磨耗试验
未涂覆的对照样品
表IV
碱/酸试验

Claims (18)

1.一种用于施加于水泥结构表面的聚合物组合物，所述聚合物组合物包含至少一种第一共聚物和至少一种第二共聚物的含水混合物，
所述第一共聚物包含衍生自偏二卤乙烯的链节单元和衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元，所述衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元以所述第一共聚物的5-40重量％存在；和
所述第二共聚物包含衍生自偏二卤乙烯的链节单元和衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元，所述衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元以所述第二共聚物的3-15重量％存在，
其中所述第一共聚物和所述第二共聚物的重量比为90:10至10:90；所述第一和第二共聚物一起形成所述含水混合物的10-50重量％；并且所述含水混合物具有1.5-3.5的pH。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述第一共聚物包含5-15重量％的衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元，和所述第二共聚物包含3-10重量％的衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述第一共聚物包括包含丙烯酸甲酯和偏二氯乙烯的链节单元的第一共聚物；和所述第二共聚物包含丙烯酸丁酯和偏二氯乙烯的链节单元。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述第一和第二共聚物的重量比为90:10至60:40；并且所述第一和第二共聚物一起占所述含水混合物的10-30重量％。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述第一和第二共聚物的重量比为50:50至10:90；并且所述第一和第二共聚物一起占所述含水混合物的25-50重量％。
6.根据权利要求3所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述第一和第二共聚物的重量比为30:70至35:65。
7.一种抑制从混凝土结构表面的湿蒸汽散发并且增强混凝土表面与其上的覆盖物之间的界面粘附性的方法，其包括将至少一种第一共聚物和至少一种第二共聚物的含水聚合物混合物施加于混凝土表面，
所述第一共聚物包含衍生自偏二卤乙烯的链节单元和衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元，所述衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元以所述第一共聚物的5-40重量％存在；和
所述第二共聚物包含衍生自偏二卤乙烯的链节单元和衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元，所述衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元以所述第二共聚物的3-15重量％存在，
其中所述第一共聚物和所述第二共聚物的重量比为90:10至10:90；所述第一和第二共聚物一起形成所述含水聚合物混合物的10-50重量％；并且所述含水聚合物混合物具有2-3.5的pH。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其包括将所述含水聚合物混合物基本均匀施加于表面上，以分布基于每14m2混凝土结构自由面具有0.4-4kg共聚物混合物的涂层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述第一共聚物包含5-15重量％的衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元，和所述第二共聚物包含3-10重量％的衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元。
10.根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的方法，其中所述第一共聚物包括丙烯酸甲酯和偏二氯乙烯的共聚物；和所述第二共聚物包括丙烯酸丁酯和偏二氯乙烯的共聚物。
11.根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的方法，其中所述第一和第二共聚物的重量比为90:10至60:40；并且所述第一和第二共聚物一起占所述含水聚合物混合物的10-30重量％；所述含水聚合物混合物基本均匀施加于表面上，以分布基于每14m2混凝土结构自由面为0.4-2.3kg的共聚物混合物。
12.根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的方法，其中所述含水聚合物混合物通过多次施涂而施加。
13.根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的方法，其中所述第一和第二共聚物的重量比为50:50至10:90；并且所述第一和第二共聚物一起占所述含水聚合物混合物的25-50重量％；所述含水聚合物混合物基本均匀施加于表面上，以分布基于每14m2混凝土结构自由面为1.8-4kg的共聚物混合物。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述第一和第二共聚物的重量比为30:70至35:65，并且所述含水聚合物混合物以一次施涂而施加。
15.一种抑制从未固化或部分固化的混凝土结构中失水的方法，其包括将至少一种第一共聚物和至少一种第二共聚物的含水聚合物混合物施加于混凝土表面，
所述第一共聚物包含衍生自偏二卤乙烯的链节单元和衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元，所述衍生自丙烯酸C1-C2烷基酯的链节单元以所述第一共聚物的5-40重量％存在；和
所述第二共聚物包含衍生自偏二卤乙烯的链节单元和衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元，所述衍生自丙烯酸C4-C5烷基酯的链节单元以所述第二共聚物的3-15重量％存在，
其中所述第一共聚物和所述第二共聚物的重量比为90:10至10:90；所述第一和第二共聚物一起形成所述含水聚合物混合物的10-50重量％；并且所述含水聚合物混合物具有2-3.5的pH。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其包括将所述含水聚合物混合物基本均匀施加于表面上，以分布基于每14m2混凝土结构自由面具有0.4-4kg共聚物混合物的涂层。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述第一共聚物和第二共聚物的重量比为50:50至10:90。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述第一共聚物和第二共聚物的重量比为35:65至10:90，并且所述第一共聚物包含衍生自丙烯酸甲酯和偏二氯乙烯的链节单元；和所述第二共聚物包含衍生自丙烯酸丁酯和偏二氯乙烯的链节单元。
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