CN105815241B - A kind of non-drug therapy method of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease - Google Patents
A kind of non-drug therapy method of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN105815241B CN105815241B CN201610161246.6A CN201610161246A CN105815241B CN 105815241 B CN105815241 B CN 105815241B CN 201610161246 A CN201610161246 A CN 201610161246A CN 105815241 B CN105815241 B CN 105815241B
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of non-drug therapy methods of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease.When mud crab shows fixed class infusorian disease symptoms, mud crab back crust attachment is taken to be placed in microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, at fixed class parasitism polypide number≤50, puts Sparus Latus 300-1200 tail/mu of the long 5-10cm of body in a suitable place to breed.After fry puts into pond, ichthyophagy crab stops feeding 6-13 days, collects the excrement of Sparus Latus fry, through detecting crude protein content < 11.63%;Bed mud is acquired, sediments is taken to detect total carbon content < 214.7mg/Kg.The periodically microscopy mud crab body surface under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope cures disease when mud crab body surface cilium polypide number amount≤1.The present invention removes the excessive organic matter of pond bottom using blue crab cultivation pond collocation omnivorousness Sparus Latus fry, cut off the source of nutrition of infusorian breeding, a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly method without using drug is provided for treatment mud crab fixation class infusorian disease, there is good popularization and application foreground.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of non-medicine of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease
Object treatment method.
Background technique
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) belongs to Crustachia, Decapoda, Portumidae, mud crab category.Happiness is lived in caves in offshore
In shallow sea and estuary sediment bottom, disposition is violent, carnivorous, likes look for food compact seashell, fish and shell-fish etc., is distributed mainly on
One band of river mouth that south China and the light salt water of southeastern coast cross.Mud crab delicious meat, it is full of nutrition, it is known as the title of " marine ginseng ".
With the continuous deterioration of seawater fishery environment, mud crab disease is high-incidence, especially fixed class infusorian disease, in blue crab cultivation
In it is caused harm it is more and more serious.The pathogen of fixed class infusorian disease most commonly worms on a sucker, Zoothamnium and vorticella
Deng.When fixed class infusorian disease occurs for mud crab, body surface has villiform attachment.When a large amount of polypides colonize in crab body table first
Shell, the decline of less serious case's disease crab mobility, slow growth is heavy then concurrent with other diseases, causes the death of mud crab.Illness mud crab from
Appearance symptom substantially can be with first visit, and making a definite diagnosis need to take focal part to observe under the microscope.
Sparus Latus belongs to the fish of shallow sea water warm bottom, and the water temperature range suitable for life is wider, adapts to drastic change salinity,
Grown in salt-fresh water it is best, it is extremely close with the growing environment of mud crab, be suitable for both mixed breed.Mud crab ichthyophagy crab
The Sparus Latus for omnivorousness of arranging in pairs or groups in mixed breeding, can effectively prevent mud crab fixation class infusorian disease, and the principle of diseases prevention is to utilize yellowfin
Porgy omnivorousness, pond bottom of ingesting residual bait, crab metabolite and epiphytic algae reduce organic pollutants in water body.Existing fish at present
Crab mixed breeding research, such as Chinese patent CN201410338887.5, CN201310360956.8, CN200610135254.X and
CN201310654357.7 etc. discloses the cultural method of different fish and mud crab mixed breeding, for supporting for mud crab
It grows, but without reference to mixed breeding fish to the prevention and treatment principle and specific method of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease.To mud crab
The treatment of fixed class infusorian disease, is usually handled with chemicals, but is often grasped and be not allowed because of the difference in quality of drug, dosage
True and the use environment factor the complexity influences huge, often desinsection adjoint mortality later on mud crab;Also promotion is taken
The method of mud crab shelling, but therapeutic effect is slow, infusorian disease is difficult to eradicate, and mud crab survival rate is extremely low.
In conclusion the processing method of traditional mud crab fixation class infusorian disease, has seriously affected mud crab
Cultivation success rate, the method for disease treatment needs to improve.The present invention is mixed by the Sparus Latus and mud crab for putting omnivorousness in a suitable place to breed
It supports, using the ecological habit of Sparus Latus, removes the remaining organic matter of pond bottom, the cutting ciliophoran nutrition of mud crab fixation class comes
Source reduces the growth and breeding of polypide, and drug is not used in mud crab fixation class infusorian disease treatment, reduces drug to environment
Pollution, the sustainable development of blue crab cultivation industry is had a very important significance.
Summary of the invention
The non-drug that the present invention has overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease is controlled
Treatment method puts the Sparus Latus of omnivorousness in a suitable place to breed in blue crab cultivation pond to remove the remaining dirt of pond bottom, plays pond environment
The effect of " cleaner " provides stable growing environment for mud crab, to treat mud crab fixation class infusorian disease.
A kind of non-drug therapy method of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease of the present invention, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
1) pond selects: after putting crab seedling in a suitable place to breed, making a definite diagnosis the pond of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence;
2) material method is put and stopped to fry in a suitable place to breed:
1. fry is put in a suitable place to breed: putting Sparus Latus fry in a suitable place to breed;
2. stopping expecting: after fry puts into pond, ichthyophagy crab stops feeding feed;
3) feedstuff feeding: stopping material terminates, and after the healing of mud crab disease is stablized, periodically feeds daily;First feed puffing fishes feeding of swimming
Material feeds fish, then feeds wild fishes shrimp and feed crab;
4) water quality adjustment: while stopping material, opening aerator according to the method for mud crab pond culture management and row change water,
It discharges viable bacteria and improver of water quality carries out water quality adjustment.
Mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence described in step 1) of the present invention refers to that body surface villous shape adheres to
Object is slow in action, and it is unsuccessful to shell, and material feeding does not grow or grow extremely slow, shows the above disease symptoms;
Described makes a definite diagnosis mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence:
1. the appearance symptom of mud crab disease: body colour blacks, body surface is coarse, and serious person's gill is swollen, expiratory dyspnea or the long micro- suede of body surface
Hairy foreign matter, Ti Zhi Of-thin are weak;
2. the microscopy of mud crab disease: infusorian individual specimen sampling observation standard is that a pond takes 3 mud crabs, scrapes back crust
The attachment on surface, is placed in microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, and the number of fixed class infusorian polypide is 3 crab microscopy meters
Several average, polypide Ge Shuo≤50 then confirm the fixed class infusorian disease of infection.
Pond described in step 1), preferably pond salinity are 5-18 degree.
It puts Sparus Latus fry described in step 2) in a suitable place to breed, preferably puts the Sparus Latus fry of the long 5-10cm of body in a suitable place to breed, 300-1200 tail/
Mu.
Stop expecting described in step 2), after Sparus Latus fry puts into pond, ichthyophagy crab stops feeding 6-13 days, stops expecting that the time is long
It is short to be determined by following 4 factors:
1. collecting Sparus Latus fry excrement by setting square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports net, observation color judges the removing feelings of pond bottom organic matter
Condition, and through detecting crude protein content < 11.63%;
2. acquiring sediment of pond, 80 DEG C of sediments drying are taken, detect total carbon content < 514.7mg/kg;
3. acquiring pool wall attachment, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian number of individuals Liang≤1;
4. the polypide number to mud crab body surface judges, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian individual amount
≤ 1;
Meet conditions above, cures mud crab fixation class infusorian disease, start to feed feed.
After mud crab disease described in step 3) is cured, to prevent palindromia, take following feeding method: timing is thrown daily
Hello, preferably Sparus Latus is periodically fed 2 times daily, and for fish feeding volume based on the 4% of fry weight, every morning feeds 40%, afternoon
Feed 60%, feed the fish time be morning 8:00, afternoon 16:00;Mud crab feeding volume feeds the crab time based on the 10% of crab seedling weight
For 17:00 in afternoon.
The non-drug therapy method of a kind of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease of the present invention, by green to saw edge
Sparus Latus fry is put in the pond of crab morbidity in a suitable place to breed, carries out the method for cleaning of bottom Organic Pollutants, utilizes the life of omnivorousness Sparus Latus
State habit feature cuts off the source of mud crab fixation class infusorian nutrition, controls the growth and breeding of polypide.
Compared with existing disease prevention and cure technology, the present invention is had the advantage that
1, the present invention can remove pond bottom residual feed and excreta and 80% or more the algae to grow nonparasitically upon another plant, hence it is evident that improve pond bottom
The ecological environment in portion.
2, the present invention can reduce the ciliophoran polypide number of mud crab body surface fixation class, reduce because of helminth raised growth
It breeds and the unsuccessful and mud crab that causes to shell expects or stops eating slowly, significantly improves the quality and cultivation survival rate of mud crab finished product.
3, the present invention does not need to be prevented medicament residue using drug and reduced ring to mud crab fixation class infusorian disease treatment
Border pollution, reduces production cost, guarantees the healthy growth of mud crab, the success rate of blue crab cultivation is greatly improved.
4, the required material of the present invention is simple, and application method is simple and feasible, be extremely suitable for vast blue crab cultivation area into
Row is promoted and application.
Specific embodiment:
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, these embodiments are only used to illustrate implementation of the invention
Journey is not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Time: on August 29th, 2015 makes a definite diagnosis the morbidity pond of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease.Pond condition is
Pond square, cement plate slope protection, sand mud substrate are equipped with 2 1.5KW waterwheel aerators, and 4 mu of pond area, mud crab
800/mu of crab is detained, the throwings seedling time is June 23, puts time 66d in a suitable place to breed, and crab seedling is averaged the long 7.6cm of body, depth of water 1.2m, salinity 5
Degree, feeds penaeus vannamei boone feed by 30 DEG C of water temperature.After continuous cloudy heavy rain, the sun is exposed to the sun water, and water salinity water temperature is acute
Become, mud crab body surface villous shape attachment is slow in action, and it is unsuccessful to shell.It catches and climbs the pokesy mud crab observation in side: body colour hair
It is black, body surface is coarse, serious person's gill is swollen, expiratory dyspnea, and Ti Zhi Of-thin is weak;Microscopy observation: a pond takes 3 mud crabs, scrapes back
The attachment on crust surface, is placed in microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, and the number of fixed class infusorian polypide is 3 crab mirrors
Average ,≤50 that inspection counts then confirm the fixed class infusorian disease of infection.
After making a definite diagnosis mud crab illness, cultivating pool puts 300 tails of Sparus Latus fry/mu of a length of 10cm of average body in a suitable place to breed.
After fry puts into pond, ichthyophagy crab does not feed material, stops expecting that length of time is determined according to 4 factors:
1. collecting Sparus Latus fry excrement by setting square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports net, observation color judges the removing feelings of pond bottom organic matter
Condition, and through detecting crude protein content < 11.63%;
2. acquiring sediment of pond, 80 DEG C of sediments drying are taken, detect total carbon content < 514.7mg/kg;
3. acquiring pool wall attachment, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian number of individuals Liang≤1;
4. the polypide number to mud crab body surface judges, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian individual amount
≤ 1;
Meet conditions above, cures mud crab fixation class infusorian disease, start to feed feed;
Observation: crab seedling body surface smooth is sampled after 13 days, bright body colour is in cyan;Microscopy observation: in microscope 10 × 10
Microscopy under times visual field, polypide Ge Shuo≤1.Parasitic crab disease is cured, starts to feed feed.
To prevent palindromia, takes following feeding method: periodically feeding daily, Sparus Latus is periodically fed 2 times daily, fish
Feeding volume is based on the 4% of fry weight, and every morning feeds 40%, and feed 60% in the afternoon, and feeding the fish time is morning 8:00, afternoon
16:00;For mud crab feeding volume based on the 10% of crab seedling weight, feeding the crab time is 17:00 in afternoon.
Water quality adjustment: while stopping material, aerator is opened according to the method for mud crab pond culture management and row changes water, is applied
It lets live bacterium and improver of water quality carries out water quality adjustment.
Beginning harvesting from January 20th, 2016, altogether harvest average weight 580g mud crab 1044Kg, 150 yuan of average sales price/
Kg, more than 156600 yuan of income from sales;Sparus Latus 260Kg, the 40 yuan/Kg of average sales price that average weight is 275g are harvested, sale is received
Enter more than 10400 yuan.Two 4.15 ten thousand yuan of total per mu yield values, mu profit are about 2.8 ten thousand yuan.
Embodiment 2:
Time: on August 24th, 2015 makes a definite diagnosis the morbidity pond of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease.Pond condition is
Pond rectangle, length-width ratio 3:5, cement plate slope protection, sand mud substrate are equipped with 4 1.5KW waterwheel aerators, 1.5KW diving
Pump 1,9.5 mu of pond area, 600/mu of mud crab button crab, the throwing seedling time is June 19, puts time 55d, crab seedling in a suitable place to breed
The average long 6.8cm of body, depth of water 1.2m, 30 DEG C of water temperature, feed penaeus vannamei boone feed by 18 degree of salinity.Due to continuous cloudy heavy rain
Afterwards, the sun is exposed to the sun water, and water salinity water temperature drastic change, mud crab body surface villous shape attachment is slow in action, and it is unsuccessful to shell.It catches
Firmly climb the pokesy mud crab observation in side: body colour blacks, body surface is coarse, and serious person's gill is swollen, expiratory dyspnea, and Ti Zhi Of-thin is weak;Microscopy
Observation: a pond takes 3 mud crabs, scrapes the attachment on back crust surface, is placed in microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope,
The number of fixed class infusorian polypide is that average ,≤50 that 3 crab microscopies count then confirm the fixed class infusorian disease of infection
Disease.
After making a definite diagnosis mud crab illness, cultivating pool puts 1200 tails of Sparus Latus fry/mu of a length of 5cm of average body in a suitable place to breed.
After fry puts into pond, ichthyophagy crab does not feed material, stops expecting that length of time is determined according to 4 factors:
1. collecting Sparus Latus fry excrement by setting square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports net, observation color judges the removing feelings of pond bottom organic matter
Condition, and through detecting crude protein content < 11.63%;
2. acquiring sediment of pond, 80 DEG C of sediments drying are taken, detect total carbon content < 514.7mg/kg;
3. acquiring pool wall attachment, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian number of individuals Liang≤1;
4. the polypide number to mud crab body surface judges, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian individual amount
≤ 1;
Meet conditions above, cures mud crab fixation class infusorian disease, start to feed feed;
Observation: mud crab body surface smooth is sampled after 6 days, bright body colour is in cyan;Microscopy observation: it is regarded at 10 × 10 times of microscope
The lower microscopy in open country, polypide Ge Shuo≤1.Parasitic crab disease is cured, starts to feed feed.
To prevent palindromia, takes following feeding method: periodically feeding daily, Sparus Latus is periodically fed 2 times daily, fish
Feeding volume is based on the 4% of fry weight, and every morning feeds 40%, and feed 60% in the afternoon, and feeding the fish time is morning 8:00, afternoon
16:00;For mud crab feeding volume based on the 10% of crab seedling weight, feeding the crab time is 17:00 in afternoon.
Water quality adjustment: while stopping material, aerator is opened according to the method for mud crab pond culture management and row changes water, is applied
It lets live bacterium and improver of water quality carries out water quality adjustment.
Beginning harvesting from January 20th, 2016, altogether harvest average weight 520g mud crab 2080Kg, 140 yuan of average sales price/
Kg, more than 291200 yuan of income from sales;Sparus Latus 1500Kg, the 22 yuan/Kg of average sales price that average weight is 160g are harvested, sale is received
Enter more than 33000 yuan.Two 3.41 ten thousand yuan of total per mu yield values, mu profit are about 2.1 ten thousand yuan.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method for reducing mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence, which comprises the steps of:
1) pond selects: after putting crab seedling in a suitable place to breed, making a definite diagnosis the pond of mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence;
Described makes a definite diagnosis mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence, refers to:
1. the appearance symptom of mud crab disease: body colour blacks, body surface is coarse, and serious person's gill is swollen, expiratory dyspnea or the long microvillus shape of body surface
Foreign matter, Ti Zhi Of-thin are weak;
2. the microscopy of mud crab disease: infusorian individual specimen sampling observation standard is that a pond takes 3 mud crabs, scrapes back crust surface
Attachment, be placed in microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, the number of fixed class infusorian polypide is that 3 crab microscopies count
Average ,≤50 then confirm the fixed class infusorian disease of infection;
2) fry is put in a suitable place to breed and feedstuff feeding method:
1. fry is put in a suitable place to breed: putting Sparus Latus fry in a suitable place to breed;
2. stopping expecting: after fry puts into pond, ichthyophagy crab stops feeding;
Described stops expecting, after referring to fry investment pond, ichthyophagy crab stops feeding 6-13 days, stops expecting length of time by following 4
Factor determines:
1. collecting Sparus Latus fry excrement by setting square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports net, observation color judges the removing situation of pond bottom organic matter, and
Through detecting crude protein content < 11.63%;
2. acquiring sediment of pond, 80 DEG C of sediments drying are taken, detect total carbon content < 514.7mg/kg;
3. acquiring pool wall attachment, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian number of individuals Liang≤1;
4. the polypide number to mud crab body surface judges, the microscopy under 10 × 10 times of visuals field of microscope, infusorian number of individuals Liang≤1
It is a;
Meet conditions above, cures mud crab fixation class infusorian disease, start to feed feed;
3) feedstuff feeding: after stopping material, crab disease, which is cured, to be stablized, and is periodically fed daily;It first feeds puffed fishes feed of swimming and feeds fish,
Wild fishes shrimp is fed again feeds crab;
4) water quality adjustment: while stopping material, aerator is opened according to the method for mud crab pond culture management and row changes water, is discharged
Viable bacteria and improver of water quality carry out water quality adjustment.
2. a kind of cultural method for reducing mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence according to claim 1, special
Sign is: mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence described in step 1), refers to body surface villous shape attachment, and action is slow
Slow, it is unsuccessful to shell, and material feeding does not grow or grow extremely slow, shows the above disease symptoms.
3. a kind of cultural method for reducing mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence according to claim 1, special
Sign is: pond described in step 1), and pond salinity is 5-18 degree.
4. a kind of cultural method for reducing mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence according to claim 1, special
Sign is: it puts Sparus Latus fry described in step 2) in a suitable place to breed, refers to the Sparus Latus fry for putting the long 5-10cm of body in a suitable place to breed, 300-1200 tail/
Mu.
5. a kind of cultural method for reducing mud crab fixation class infusorian disease incidence according to claim 1, special
Sign is: feedstuff feeding described in step 3) is periodically fed daily, and Sparus Latus fry periodically feeds 2 times daily, and fish feeding volume is pressed
4% meter of fry weight, every morning feed 40%, and feed 60% in the afternoon, and feeding the fish time is morning 8:00, and afternoon, 16:00, green
For crab feeding volume based on the 10% of crab seedling weight, feeding the crab time is 17:00 in afternoon.
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