CN105803481B - 一种催化电解制备4‑氨基‑3,6‑二氯吡啶‑2‑甲酸的方法 - Google Patents

一种催化电解制备4‑氨基‑3,6‑二氯吡啶‑2‑甲酸的方法 Download PDF

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CN105803481B
CN105803481B CN201610164450.3A CN201610164450A CN105803481B CN 105803481 B CN105803481 B CN 105803481B CN 201610164450 A CN201610164450 A CN 201610164450A CN 105803481 B CN105803481 B CN 105803481B
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厉云阳
李惠跃
金克强
徐巍
李国斌
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Zhejiang Avilive Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种催化电解制备4‑氨基‑3,6‑二氯吡啶‑2‑甲酸的方法,属于化工产品的生产领域。本发明要解决的技术问题是4‑氨基‑3,5,6‑三氯吡啶‑2‑甲酸电解制备4‑氨基‑3,6‑二氯吡啶‑2‑甲酸,电解时间长,能耗高,选择性差。本发明解决上述技术难题的方案是4‑氨基‑3,5,6‑三氯吡啶‑2‑甲酸在电解时,添加催化剂,结合特定温度、PH值等条件,使吡啶环上的氯脱下,最终产品为4‑氨基‑3,6‑二氯吡啶‑2‑甲酸,催化剂在后处理工序经过滤、洗涤,回收套用。本发明在电解的基础上,增加很小的投入,使产品含量、收率提高,能耗降低。

Description

一种催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工产品的生产领域,特别涉及一种催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法。
背景技术
4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸,商品名为氨草啶、氯氨吡啶酸、二氯氨基吡啶酸,是一种吡啶羧酸类除草剂,它能迅速进入植物体内,易被茎、叶吸收,从而导致生长中断并迅速死亡,主要用于牧场、种植园和非农作物区的杂草控制,及用于甜菜田和荞麦田的除草。
4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的合成方法目前有化学合成法和电解法。化学合成4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸是以3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸酯为原料,经过硝化、还原、水解、提纯等步骤完成。但化学合成法存在使用原料昂贵,反应难控制,转化率不高,三废处理量大,对环境十分不友好等不足,难于实现工业化。电解法是以4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸为原料,通过电解、酸化、提纯等步骤完成。但该方法存在反应时间长,电能利用率低,存在羟基化与氨基被氧化,以及过度电解的副反应,合成目标物纯度不高,仅90%,如使用于工业化,需去除的杂质多,三废处理量大,收率偏低。
目前4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的制备工艺存在诸多缺陷。一是,化学法使用混酸硝化,废酸量大且难处理,对环境十分不友好。二是,电解法中电解槽存在缺陷,电极应用中寿命短、须频繁替换。三是,分离过程污染严重,操作繁琐。因此,现有生产工艺已不能满足化工产业可持续发展的需要,急需先进的清洁生产工艺来替代。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术中存在的缺点与不足,提供一种催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法。本发明采用4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸,是一种收率高、效率高、成本低的,适合工业化生产4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的生产方法。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:一种催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.往5%氢氧化钠水溶液中逐渐加入4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸,将料液调节到pH=10.0~13.8,再加入4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸质量2~9%的催化剂;
b.开启换热装置,开启循环装置,料液升温至5~90℃;
c.开启恒压直流电源,调节槽电压1.5-5.0V,随着电解进行,pH值不断降低,补加30%氢氧化钠水溶液,维持反应液pH=10.0~13.8,直到4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸含量降至≤0.2%,停止反应,获得反应液;
d.对步骤c中的反应液进行过滤获得滤液I和滤饼I,将滤液I酸化,过滤,获得滤饼II,烘干得到4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸;
e.滤饼I用8%-20%盐酸洗涤,过滤,得滤液II和滤饼Ⅲ,滤饼Ⅲ即为回收催化剂,套用到a步骤;滤液II即为回收盐酸,重复使用,直到盐酸含量<8%。
上述步骤a中催化剂的用量为4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸质量的2~9%,优选4~6%;
上述步骤a中所用的催化剂为Pd/C、Pt/C、Ru/C、Rh/C、Ri-Ni中的一种或多种组合;
上述步骤b中的物料升温至5-90℃,优选40~55℃;
上述步骤c中的pH值为10-13.8,优选12.5-13.5;
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
本发明中的4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的催化电解制备方法,生产过程不用还原剂肼、二氯甲烷等剧毒危险品,反应条件温和。通过添加催化剂,大大加快电解减少副反应,减少电极的消耗,提高了电能使用效率,降低后处理难度和三废排放量,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本。对促进吡啶类中间体、农药和医药的发展,加快进口替代具有重要意义。
(1)本发明用清洁环保的催化电解工艺,高选择性地将4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸电解还原成4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸;
(2)本发明只需在原有电解制备工序中增加一道过滤催化剂的装置,催化剂可以循环套用。设备简单、操作简便、成本低,适合工业化生产;
(3)本发明适用于4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸催化电解,制备纯度较高的4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸,三废比普通电解方法少,具有明显的经济优势和环保优势。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,更具体地说明本发明的内容。应当理解,本发明的实施并不局限于下面的实施例,对本发明所做的任何形式上的变通和/或改变都将落入本发明保护范围。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有的份、百分比均为重量单位,所有的设备和原料等均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的。
实施例1一种催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法,具体步骤如下:在装有循环装置、换热装置、电压表、温度计的130升电解槽中,加入100kg 5%的氢氧化钠水溶液,开启循环泵,逐步加入15.1kg 4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸,0.83kg 5%的Ru/C;开启换热装置,将料液温度升至50℃;开启恒压直流电源,调节槽电压3.2V;取样中控电解液中4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸含量,直到电解液中4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸≤0.2%,关闭直流电源;电解期间持续监测反应液液pH值,要求保持pH=13.5。如果pH值下降,需要补充30%氢氧化钠;电解结束,过滤,滤饼(催化剂)用8%-20%盐酸洗涤后测定水份,折干套用到下一批电解;滤液经酸化,过滤,滤饼烘干得到4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸12.26kg,含量97.2%,收率92.1%。
实施例2操作同实施例1,保持pH=12.5,得4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸11.99kg,含量96.3%,收率89.2%。
实施例3操作同实施例1,催化剂换为5%的Pd/C,得4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸12.13kg,含量96.9%,收率90.8%。
实施例4操作同实施例1,催化剂换为Ri-Ni,得4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸11.88kg,含量94.6%,收率86.8%。
实施例5操作同实施例1,催化剂换为2.2:1的5%的Pd/C和5%的Rh/C混合催化剂,得4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸12.23kg,含量98.4%,收率93.0%。
上述实施例仅仅是对本发明技术方案的优选实施方式的阐述,研究表明,根据本发明内容部分和上述实施例的揭示,在所揭示的如溶剂种类和用量、各种工艺参数范围内等等,本领域技术人员作出合理调整都可以获得如上述实施例的技术效果,因此,本发明不再一一赘述。
尽管发明人已经对本发明的技术方案做了较为详细的阐述和列举,应当理解,对于本领域一个熟练的技术人员来说,对上述实施例作出修改和/或变通或者采用等同的替代方案是显然的,都不能脱离本发明精神的实质,本发明中出现的术语用于对本发明技术方案的阐述和理解,并不能构成对本发明的限制。

Claims (5)

1.一种催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
a.往5%氢氧化钠水溶液中逐渐加入4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸,将料液调节到pH=10.0~13.8,再加入4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸质量2~9%的催化剂;
b.开启换热装置,开启循环装置,料液升温至5~90℃;
c.开启恒压直流电源,调节槽电压1.5-5.0V,随着电解进行,pH值不断降低,补加30%氢氧化钠水溶液,维持反应液pH=10.0~13.8,直到4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸含量降至≤0.2%,停止反应,获得反应液;
d.对步骤c中的反应液进行过滤获得滤液I和滤饼I,将滤液I酸化,过滤,获得滤饼II,烘干得到4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸;
e.滤饼I用8%-20%盐酸洗涤,过滤,得滤液II和滤饼Ⅲ,滤饼Ⅲ即为回收催化剂,套用到a步骤;滤液II即为回收盐酸,重复使用,直到盐酸含量<8%;
步骤a中所用的催化剂为Pd/C、Pt/C、Ru/C、Rh/C、Raney Ni中的一种或多种组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法,其特征在于:步骤e中所述的滤饼I用8%-20%盐酸洗涤,获得回收催化剂,可循环套用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法,其特征在于:步骤a中催化剂的用量为4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-甲酸质量的4~6%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法,其特征在于:步骤b中的料液升温温度为40~55℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化电解制备4-氨基-3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸的方法,其特征在于:步骤c中的pH值为12.5-13.5。
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