CN105777379A - Agaricus bisporus culture medium and preparation method thereof and method for applying culture medium to industrially cultivating agaricus bisporus - Google Patents
Agaricus bisporus culture medium and preparation method thereof and method for applying culture medium to industrially cultivating agaricus bisporus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105777379A CN105777379A CN201610222489.6A CN201610222489A CN105777379A CN 105777379 A CN105777379 A CN 105777379A CN 201610222489 A CN201610222489 A CN 201610222489A CN 105777379 A CN105777379 A CN 105777379A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses an agaricus bisporus culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof. The culture medium is prepared from, by weight, 50%-52% of wheat straw, 38%-42% of chicken manure, 5%-6% of distillers' grains and 5%-6% of gypsum, wherein the moisture content in the wheat straw is smaller than or equal to 25 wt%, the ash content in the wheat straw is smaller than 10 wt%, the moisture content in the chicken manure is smaller than or equal to 30 wt%, the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is larger than or equal to 3 wt%, the ash content in the chicken manure is smaller than 45 wt%, the moisture content in the distillers' grains is smaller than 60 wt%, the nitrogen content in the distillers' grains is smaller than or equal to 3.5 wt%, the gypsum is in a powder form, the diameter of the gypsum powder is smaller than 500 micrometers, and the moisture content in the gypsum powder is smaller than or equal to 15 wt%. According to the culture medium, the straw and livestock and poultry manure which are low in price are adopted and serve as the main raw materials, fertilizer is not used, and cultivated agaricus bisporus is free of hormones and heavy metal residues.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fungus growing technique field, culture medium particularly relating to a kind of Agaricus Bisporus and its preparation method and application its
The method of factory culture Agaricus Bisporus.
Background technology
Agaricus Bisporus, one of modal edible bacterium, wherein protein content is 35-38%, except containing the necessary 6 kinds of ammonia of human body
Base acid, possibly together with abundant vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin PP, nucleotide, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid and vitamin
D etc., its nutritive value is 4-12 times of vegetable and fruit, enjoys " health food " and " king in element " laudatory title, is extensively liked by people
Like.Contained tryrosinase can dissolve certain cholesterol, to the certain effect that reduced blood pressure；Contained trypsin, wheat tooth
Carbohydrases etc. each contribute to the digestion of food.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks that Agaricus Bisporus sweet in the mouth puts down the effect of refresh oneself digestion, blood pressure lowering.Often food
With Agaricus Bisporus, it is possible to prevent vitamin C deficiency, prevents tumor, promote wound healing and release lead, arsenic, the poisoning of hydrargyrum etc., have benefit concurrently
Spleen, lung moistening, regulate the flow of vital energy, clears phlegm, pernicious anemia can be prevented, improve function of nervous system, reduce blood fat.
At present, on market, the demand to Agaricus Bisporus is constantly increasing, and therefore, needs the formula developing the growth of a kind of applicable Agaricus Bisporus badly
Raw material and cultural method.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the culture medium of a kind of Agaricus Bisporus, the culture medium of the present invention, use cheap straw and animal dung conduct
Primary raw material, does not use chemical fertilizer, and without hormone and heavy-metal residual in the Agaricus Bisporus that cultivation and production goes out, produce in production process is useless
Compost, is good organic fertilizer, is used directly for agricultural production.
In order to solve the problems referred to above, the technical solution used in the present invention is such, the culture medium of a kind of Agaricus Bisporus, by weighing as follows
The raw material of amount percent is made: Wheat Straw 50%-52%, chicken manure 38%-40%, distiller grains 5%-6%, Gypsum Fibrosum 5%-6%, wherein,
Length >=the 30cm of described Wheat Straw, a diameter of 2mm, the moisture≤25wt% in Wheat Straw, the ash in Wheat Straw contains
Amount ＜ 10wt%；Described chicken manure is graininess or bulk, the moisture≤30wt% in chicken manure, the nitrogen content in chicken manure
>=3wt%, the ash content of coal ＜ 45wt% in chicken manure；Moisture ＜ 60wt% in described distiller grains, the nitrogen content in distiller grains
≤ 3.5wt%；Described Gypsum Fibrosum powder is powder, diameter ＜ 500 μm of Gypsum Fibrosum powder, moisture≤15wt% in Gypsum Fibrosum powder.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of the culture base-material of a kind of Agaricus Bisporus, comprise the following steps:
1) batch mixing: with hay grabbing machine, ready straw is put into soak vat and soak 60-90s, after draining, with chicken manure, distiller grains and stone
Cream mixing and stirring, wherein, in mixed mixed material, water content control is 73-75wt%；
2) for the first time fermentation: by step 1) the input built-in heap of the first fermentation tank of mixed material, after ventilating fermentation 48-60h, stirs
Mix and uniformly go to the second built-in heap of fermentation tank, ventilating fermentation 96-108h, after being then again stirring for uniformly, go in the 3rd fermentation tank
Build heap, ventilating fermentation 144-160h；Wherein, the height building heap is 4-4.5 rice, and width is 8-10 rice, a length of 50-60 rice,
The ventilation controlling the mixed material in each fermentation tank is 5-7m3/ ton,
2) second time fermentation: will be through step 1) after mixed material is naturally cooling to 50 DEG C after fermentation, in being transported to tunnel, carry out two
Secondary anaerobic fermentation 6-7 days, wherein, carries out the process in 6 stages, respectively samming successively during ferment in second time to material
Processing, hyperthermic treatment, pasteurize processes, and once cooling processes, and temperature control processes and reducing temperature twice processes；It is control that samming processes
Windrow temperature processed is 44-48 DEG C, and the time is 6-24h, and hyperthermic treatment is to heat up with the speed of 1-1.5 DEG C/h, until windrow
Temperature reaches 56-60 DEG C, and controls oxygen concentration in windrow simultaneously and be not less than 10%, and pasteurize processing controls windrow temperature is
58-60 DEG C, the time is 8-10h, and ammonia concentration is 600ppm, and once cooling processes is to lower the temperature with the speed of 3 DEG C/h,
Until windrow temperature reaches 48-50 DEG C, it is to control windrow temperature to be 46-49 DEG C that temperature control processes, and the time is 72-84h, and secondary drops
It is that nature is lowered the temperature that temperature processes, until the temperature of compound reaches to sowing temperature 25-28 DEG C.
Wherein, in the mixed material after fermentation, water content is 73-75wt% for the first time, and nitrogen content is 1.9-2.0wt% (g/g), pH
For 8.2-8.6, content of ashes is 24-27wt%, and ammonia concentration is 7000-8000ppm.
Second time fermentation after mixed material in water content be 69-71wt%, nitrogen content be 2.0-2.3wt%, pH be 7.4-7.8,
Content of ashes is 26-31wt%, and ammonia concentration is less than 5ppm.
The present invention also provides for a kind of method applying above-mentioned culture medium cultivating agaricus bisporus, comprises the following steps:
1) mixing after being sprinkled into culture base-material by the strain of Agaricus Bisporus, carries out in being then transported to tunnel concentrating and sends out bacterium cultivation 14-21
My god, the temperature controlled in tunnel is 25-28 DEG C；
2) through step 1) send out bacterium cultivate after bacterium material press 90-100kg/m2It is laid in mushroom frame, then earthing is covered bacterium
Above, the thickness controlling earthing is 5.5-6cm to material；
3) management of producing mushroom and gathering.
Wherein, send out bacterium cultivate after bacterium material in water content be 63-66%, nitrogen content be 2.2-2.5wt%, pH be 6.2-6.6, ash
Dividing content is 28-33wt%.
Beneficial effect:
1, the culture medium of the present invention, uses cheap straw and animal dung as primary raw material, does not use chemical fertilizer, and cultivation is raw
Without hormone and heavy-metal residual in the Agaricus Bisporus of output, the useless compost produced in production process, is good organic fertilizer, can
To be directly used in agricultural production.It addition, because, in elements various needed for growth of microorganism, carbon and nitrogen are most important, carbon provides energy
Source and the material of composition microbial cell 50%.Nitrogen mainly stays in system because of protoplasm anabolic effect, and nitrogen is that composition cell must
The important element of palpus material, this culture base-material is that Agaricus Bisporus growth provides suitable C/N ratio.
2, the present invention is by prewetting to straw, softens straw, removes the wax coat on straw surface, by the wax coat on straw surface
It is converted into in-house combination water, it is simple to microorganism utilizes.
3, the present invention prepares the culture base-material of Agaricus Bisporus by ferment in second time, and wherein, on the one hand complicated had by fermentation for the first time
Machine matter is decomposed into simple compound, and the intermediate product resynthesis formed during on the other hand promoting organic matter decomposition is for the most multiple
Miscellaneous humus and the growth of beneficially mushroom；And second time is fermented to be processed by the temperature control in 6 stages and is reached to kill off the insect pests and miscellaneous bacteria
Purpose, by the control of concrete condition, the mixed material after the first and second fermentations all can reach physical and chemical index well.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.Without departing substantially from present invention spirit and essence
In the case of, the amendment that the inventive method, step or condition are made or replacement, belong to the scope of the present invention.
The method of 1 one kinds of cultivating agaricus bisporus of embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of the culture medium of Agaricus Bisporus: 1) batch mixing: with hay grabbing machine, ready straw is put into soak vat and soak 60-90s,
After draining, and chicken manure, distiller grains and Gypsum Fibrosum mixing and stirring, wherein, described Wheat Straw, chicken manure, distiller grains and Gypsum Fibrosum by
Mass ratio is Wheat Straw 50:40:5:5, and wherein, the length >=30cm of described Wheat Straw, a diameter of 2mm, in Wheat Straw
Moisture≤25wt%, the ash content of coal ＜ 10wt% in Wheat Straw；Described chicken manure is graininess or bulk, in chicken manure
Moisture≤30wt%, the nitrogen content >=3wt% in chicken manure, the ash content of coal ＜ 45wt% in chicken manure；The described water in distiller grains
Divide content ＜ 60wt%, the nitrogen content≤3.5wt% in distiller grains；Described Gypsum Fibrosum powder is powder, diameter ＜ 500 μm of Gypsum Fibrosum powder,
Moisture≤15wt% in Gypsum Fibrosum powder；, in mixed mixed material, water content control is 73-75wt%；
2) for the first time fermentation: by step 1) the input built-in heap of the first fermentation tank of mixed material, after ventilating fermentation 48-60h, stirs
Mix and uniformly go to the second built-in heap of fermentation tank, ventilating fermentation 96-108h, after being then again stirring for uniformly, go in the 3rd fermentation tank
Build heap, ventilating fermentation 144-160h；Wherein, the height building heap is 4-4.5 rice, and width is 8-10 rice, a length of 50-60 rice,
The ventilation controlling the mixed material in each fermentation tank is 5-7m3/ ton, wherein, water content in the mixed material after the first fermentation
Controlling to be 73-75%, nitrogen content is 1.9-2.0% (g/g), and pH is 8.2-8.6, and content of ashes is 24-27%, and ammonia concentration is
7000-8000ppm。
3) second time fermentation: will be through step 2) after mixed material is naturally cooling to 50 DEG C after fermentation, in being transported to tunnel, carry out two
Secondary anaerobic fermentation 6-7 days, wherein, carries out the process in 6 stages, respectively samming successively during ferment in second time to material
Processing, hyperthermic treatment, pasteurize processes, and once cooling processes, and temperature control processes and reducing temperature twice processes；It is control that samming processes
Windrow temperature processed is 44-48 DEG C, and the time is 6-24h, and hyperthermic treatment is to heat up with the speed of 1-1.5 DEG C/h, until windrow
Temperature reaches 56-60 DEG C, and controls oxygen concentration in windrow simultaneously and be not less than 10%, and pasteurize processing controls windrow temperature is
58-60 DEG C, the time is 8-10h, and ammonia concentration is 600ppm, and once cooling processes is to lower the temperature, directly with the speed of 3 DEG C/h
Reaching 48-50 DEG C to windrow temperature, it is to control windrow temperature to be 46-49 DEG C that temperature control processes, and the time is 72-84h, at reducing temperature twice
Reason is that nature is lowered the temperature, until the temperature of compound reaches to sowing temperature 25-28 DEG C.
4) strain of Agaricus Bisporus is sprinkled into step 3) prepared by second time fermentation after mixed material in after mixing, then transport
Carrying out in delivering to tunnel concentrating and send out bacterium cultivation 14-21 days, the temperature controlled in tunnel is 25-28 DEG C；Wherein, after sending out bacterium cultivation
In bacterium material, water content is 63-66wt%, nitrogen content be 2.2-2.5wt%, pH be 6.2-6.6, content of ashes is 28-33wt%.
5) through step 4) send out bacterium cultivate after bacterium material press 90-100kg/m2It is laid in mushroom frame, then earthing is covered bacterium
Above, the thickness controlling earthing is 5.5-6cm to material；
6) management of producing mushroom and gathering: A watered a water at interval of 8 hours in first 5 days, and each irrigation amount is 3L/m2, control simultaneously
The temperature of windrow is 25 DEG C, relative humidity 95% in mushroom house, blowing air CO in air in ensureing mushroom house2Concentration be
5500ppm；
In B the 6th day, controlling temperature is 22 DEG C, and relative humidity is 98%, and stops blowing air.
By CO in mushroom house in C the 7-8 days2Concentration drop to 3500ppm by 42ppm/h, temperature drops to 20 DEG C by 0.04 DEG C/h,
Relative humidity by 0.04%/hour drop to 96%,；
By CO in mushroom house in D the 9-18 days2Concentration dropped to 1800ppm by 8.3ppm/ hour, temperature is dropped to by 0.01 DEG C/h
17.5 DEG C, relative humidity by 0.03%/hour drop to 91%,；Lodging mycelia gradient is so allowed to twist together into small mushroom bud.
By CO in mushroom house in E the 19-25 days2Concentration stabilize to 1800ppm, temperature stabilizes to 17.5-18 DEG C, relative humidity
Stabilize to 91%, and pluck the first tide mushroom；
F watered a water at interval of 6-8 hour in the 26-27 days, and each irrigation amount is 1-3L/m2, simultaneously by CO in mushroom house2Concentration
Controlling is 2000ppm, and it is 20 DEG C that temperature controls, and relative humidity controls as 85-87%；
G in the 28th day by CO in mushroom house2Concentration control as 1500ppm, it is 89% that relative humidity controls, and temperature presses 0.8 DEG C
/ h drops to 18 DEG C；
By CO in mushroom house in H the 29-32 days2Concentration stabilize to 1700ppm, temperature stabilizes to 18 DEG C, and relative humidity is stable
It is 89%, and plucks the second tide mushroom；
I watered a water at interval of 8 hours in the 32-33 days, and each irrigation amount is 3L/m2, by the temperature control in mushroom house it is simultaneously
20 DEG C, it is 85% that relative humidity controls, CO2Concentration be 2000ppm；
J in the 34th day by CO in mushroom house2Concentration control as 1500ppm, it is 87% that relative humidity controls, and temperature presses 0.1 DEG C
/ h drops to 17.5 DEG C；
K is just CO in mushroom house in 35-39 days2Concentration at stable 1500ppm, temperature stabilizes to 18 DEG C, and relative humidity is steady
It is set to 85-87%, and plucks the 3rd tide mushroom.
Cultivation gained Agaricus Bisporus delicious, in good taste, Functionality, quality and appealing design；Each tide yield respectively reaches 15kg/m2, 12kg/m2, 5
kg/m2, every batch output amounts up to 32kg/m2, and three damp good mushrooms (color and luster is pure white, clean, umbrella cover a diameter of 3.5～5.5cm)
Ratio respectively reach 96%, 85%, 71%.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and former
Within then, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the culture medium of an Agaricus Bisporus, it is characterised in that be made up of the raw material of following percetage by weight: Wheat Straw 50%-52%,
Chicken manure 38%-40%, distiller grains 5%-6%, Gypsum Fibrosum 5%-6%, wherein, the length >=30cm of described Wheat Straw, a diameter of 2mm,
Moisture≤25wt% in Wheat Straw, the ash content of coal ＜ 10wt% in Wheat Straw；Described chicken manure is graininess or bulk,
Moisture≤30wt% in chicken manure, the nitrogen content >=3wt% in chicken manure, the ash content of coal ＜ 45wt% in chicken manure；Described wine
Moisture ＜ 60wt% in grain, the nitrogen content≤3.5wt% in distiller grains；Described Gypsum Fibrosum powder is powder, Gypsum Fibrosum powder straight
Footpath ＜ 500 μm, moisture≤15wt% in Gypsum Fibrosum powder.
2. the preparation method of the culture medium of an Agaricus Bisporus, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) batch mixing: with hay grabbing machine, ready straw is put into soak vat and soak 60-90s, after draining, with chicken manure, distiller grains and stone
Cream mixing and stirring, wherein, in mixed mixed material, water content control is 73-75wt%；
2) for the first time fermentation: by step 1) the input built-in heap of the first fermentation tank of mixed material, after ventilating fermentation 48-60h, stirs
Mix and uniformly go to the second built-in heap of fermentation tank, ventilating fermentation 96-108h, after being then again stirring for uniformly, go in the 3rd fermentation tank
Build heap, ventilating fermentation 144-160h；Wherein, the height building heap is 4-4.5 rice, and width is 8-10 rice, a length of 50-60 rice,
The ventilation controlling the mixed material in each fermentation tank is 5-7m3/ ton；
2) second time fermentation: will be through step 1) after mixed material is naturally cooling to 50 DEG C after fermentation, in being transported to tunnel, carry out two
Secondary anaerobic fermentation 6-7 days, wherein, carries out the process in 6 stages, respectively samming successively during ferment in second time to material
Processing, hyperthermic treatment, pasteurize processes, and once cooling processes, and temperature control processes and reducing temperature twice processes；It is control that samming processes
Windrow temperature processed is 44-48 DEG C, and the time is 6-24h, and hyperthermic treatment is to heat up with the speed of 1-1.5 DEG C/h, until windrow
Temperature reaches 56-60 DEG C, and controls oxygen concentration in windrow simultaneously and be not less than 10%, and pasteurize processing controls windrow temperature is
58-60 DEG C, the time is 8-10h, and ammonia concentration is 600ppm, and once cooling processes is to lower the temperature with the speed of 3 DEG C/h,
Until windrow temperature reaches 48-50 DEG C, it is to control windrow temperature to be 46-49 DEG C that temperature control processes, and the time is 72-84h, reducing temperature twice
Process is that nature is lowered the temperature, until the temperature of compound reaches to sowing temperature 25-28 DEG C.
The preparation method of the culture base-material of a kind of Agaricus Bisporus the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that fermentation for the first time
After mixed material in water content be 73-75wt%, nitrogen content be 1.9-2.0wt%, pH be 8.2-8.6, content of ashes is
24-27wt%, ammonia concentration is 7000-8000ppm.
The preparation method of the culture base-material of a kind of Agaricus Bisporus the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that second time fermentation
After mixed material in water content be 69-71wt%, nitrogen content be 2.0-2.3wt%, pH be 7.4-7.8, content of ashes is
26-31wt%, ammonia concentration is less than 5ppm.
5. the method for the application a kind of culture medium cultivating agaricus bisporus described in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) mixing after being sprinkled into culture base-material by the strain of Agaricus Bisporus, carries out in being then transported to tunnel concentrating and sends out bacterium cultivation 14-21
My god, the temperature controlled in tunnel is 25-28 DEG C；
2) through step 1) send out bacterium cultivate after bacterium material press 90-100kg/m2It is laid in mushroom frame, then earthing is covered bacterium
Above, the thickness controlling earthing is 5.5-6cm to material；
3) management of producing mushroom and gathering.
6. according to the method for a kind of culture base-material cultivating agaricus bisporus described in by claim 5, it is characterised in that send out after bacterium cultivates
Bacterium material in water content be 63-66wt%, nitrogen content be 2.2-2.5wt%, pH be 6.2-6.6, content of ashes is 28-33wt%.
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| CN111527980A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-14 | 江苏富德泰达农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving yield of agaricus bisporus |
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