CN105777255A - Fruit-vegetable crop soilless cultivation nutrient solution, preparing method and solution feed method - Google Patents

Fruit-vegetable crop soilless cultivation nutrient solution, preparing method and solution feed method Download PDF

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CN105777255A
CN105777255A CN201610075216.3A CN201610075216A CN105777255A CN 105777255 A CN105777255 A CN 105777255A CN 201610075216 A CN201610075216 A CN 201610075216A CN 105777255 A CN105777255 A CN 105777255A
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liquid
macro
nutrient
florescence
seedling stage
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CN105777255B (en
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李志芳
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fruit-vegetable crop soilless cultivation nutrient solution, a preparing method and a solution feed method.The fruit-vegetable crop soilless cultivation nutrient solution comprises macroelements including N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and microelements including B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mo, a seedling-stage macroelement nutrient solution, a flowering-stage macroelement nutrient solution and a fruiting-stage macroelement nutrient solution are prepared respectively, the content of N, P and K in the seedling-stage macroelement nutrient solution is lower than that of the flowering-stage macroelement nutrient solution and that of the fruiting-stage macroelement nutrient solution, the content of N in the flowering-stage macroelement nutrient solution is higher than that of the seedling-stage macroelement nutrient solution, the content of N in the flowering-stage macroelement nutrient solution is lower than that of the seedling-stage macroelement nutrient solution, and the content of K is higher than the content of N and P in the fruiting-stage macroelement nutrient solution.In different growth stages of crops, ions needed in the nutrient solution are used to the maximum, and excessive accumulation of ions which are not absorbed is reduced; the content of Ca and the content of P are increased, the most reasonable balance ratio of crop absorption among all the ions is realized, accumulation of excessive ions is reduced, the utilization efficiency of fertilizer is improved.

Description

A kind of fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid, preparation method and feed liquid method
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fruit vegetables crop different growing soilless culture nutrient fluid, preparation method and feed liquid method.
Background technology
Cultivation technique without soil is a kind of technology-intensive agricultural modernization mode of production, is under manual control, adopts nutritional solution and substrate to carry out a kind of cropping pattern of vegetable crop cultivation.Due to can various nutritive element contents in artificial adjustment nutritional solution and ratio thereof such that it is able to fully meet crop to nutrition, moisture, gas condition requirement, reach highly efficient and productive purpose.It is fertile and save the advantage of land resource that soilless culture has water saving, energy-conservation, saving of labor, province, and essentially no soil pollution, shortcoming without the soil cultivation such as soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle, therefore soilless culture is a developing direction of following vegetable production.Developed country's vegetable soilless culture produces and accounts for more than the 50% of total vegetable production.
In cultivation technique without soil, the core being prepared by this production technology of highly efficient and productive nutritional solution.Cultivation technique without soil relates to compound fertiliser kind and ratio, pH and feed flow system etc..
In the nutritional solution announced at present, lack the highly efficient and productive mix proportion scheme of fruit vegetables soilless culture, especially lack the nutritional solution dispensing scheme of the fruit vegetables crop being suitable for different growing.Additionally, the commonly used high nitrogen of existing nutritional solution, high phosphorus, high potassium scheme, these programs reduce fertilizer utilization efficiency on the one hand, add the discharging of waste liquid amount in production on the other hand.
In the fruit vegetables soilless culture nutrient fluid reported, having mountain rugged (1978) formula, its a great number of elements is: NH4-N1.0mmoll-1；NO3-N10.0mmoll-1；S1.0mmoll-1；P0.49mmoll-1；K3.48mmoll-1；Mg1.0mmoll-1；Ca1.0mmoll-1.This formula belongs to high N, K formula, and the content of P, Ca is relatively low comparatively speaking, has been not suitable for current business demand.
Another formula is the fruit vegetables broad spectrum type formula that Agricultural University Of South China (1990) announces, and its a great number of elements is: NH4-N0.0mmoll-1(nothing)；NO3-N8.0mmoll-1；S1.0mmoll-1；P0.17mmoll-1；K2.22mmoll-1；Mg1.0mmoll-1；Ca1.0mmoll-1.The total salt density of this formula is relatively low, and particularly P content is relatively low.
Generally, the defect of the two nutritional solution is that Ca, P content are low, and does not provide the formula value of trace element, does not more provide corresponding proportion technique scheme for different growing.In a word, nutritional solution prepared by the two scheme can not fully meet the growth needs of fruit vegetables crop, adopts nutritional solution prepared by the two scheme to cultivate fruit vegetables crop, and the growing way of crop, yield, quality and liquid manure utilization ratio are all without reaching optimum efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Fruit vegetables plant growth divides Seedling Stage, florescence, three different phases of fruiting period.At these three different phase, the supply of plant different a great number of elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S of needs and trace element B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mo, and different extension rates and odd-numbered day liquid supply rate.
It is an object of the invention to provide the soilless culture nutrient fluid of a kind of applicable fruit vegetables crop different growing, preparation method and feed liquid method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, including following scheme:
(1) a kind of fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid, including containing N, P, K, the macro-element nutrients liquid of Ca, Mg, S and the microelement nutritious liquid containing B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mo, Seedling Stage, florescence and fruiting period three different growing soilless culture nutrient fluid adopt identical microelement nutritious liquid, and Seedling Stage, florescence and fruiting period three different growing need different a great number of elements supply because of plant growth, and adopt different macro-element nutrients formula of liquid；
Seedling Stage absorbability is weak, the feature that room is little, fertilizer requirement is little, takes the nutritional solution that N, P, K content in Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid is rarer lower than the mix proportion scheme of florescence and fruiting period and fertilizer amount；
Florescence is more sensitive, and nitrogenous fertilizer too much can cause fruit drop, and increment is big simultaneously, and fertilizer requirement is also big, thus adopts the formula of balance N, P, K, and namely in macro-element nutrients in florescence liquid, N content is more than Seedling Stage, and K content is less than fruiting period；
Fruiting period increment is big, produces fruit in a large number, and fertilizer requirement is also big, and particularly K is fertile, thus in fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid, K content is higher than N, P content.
In described microelement nutritious liquid, contained nutrient formula is: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1；
The macro-element nutrients liquid of described Seedling Stage, florescence and fruiting period is respectively as follows:
In Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid, contained nutrient formula is: NH4-N0.6-1.2mmoll-1, NO3-N5.8-10.8mmoll-1, S0.4-2.2mmoll-1, P1.2-2.3mmoll-1, K1.9-4.1mmoll-1, Mg0.7-1.8mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.6mmoll-1；
In florescence macro-element nutrients liquid, contained nutrient formula is: NH4-N1.0-1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N6.5-12.0mmoll-1, S0.5-2.4mmoll-1, P0.9-1.7mmoll-1, K3.0-6.8mmoll-1, Mg0.8-2.0mmoll-1, Ca1.5-3.7mmoll-1；
In fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid, contained nutrient formula is: NH4-N1.3-2.4mmoll-1, NO3-N7.0-13.0mmoll-1, S0.7-2.7mmoll-1, P0.7-1.6mmoll-1, K3.3-7.2mmoll-1, Mg1.0-2.3mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.5mmoll-1；
Described fruit vegetables crop includes Fructus Solani melongenae, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Capsici and Fructus Cucumidis sativi.
(2) preparation method of above-mentioned fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid is:
(1) Seedling Stage nutritional solution preparation method:
A. prepared by macro-element nutrients liquid: NH4-N0.6-1.2mmoll-1, NO3-N5.8-10.8mmoll-1, S0.4-2.2mmoll-1, P1.2-2.3mmoll-1, K1.9-4.1mmoll-1, Mg0.7-1.8mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.6mmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
B. prepared by microelement nutritious liquid: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
C. being mixed according to the dilution proportion of 1:1 with microelement nutritious liquid by above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 580-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or rare Seedling Stage nutrition liquid caustic soda above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution；
(2) nutritional solution in florescence preparation method:
A. prepared by macro-element nutrients liquid: NH4-N1.0-1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N6.5-12.0mmoll-1, S0.5-2.4mmoll-1, P0.9-1.7mmoll-1, K3.0-6.8mmoll-1, Mg0.8-2.0mmoll-1, Ca1.5-3.7mmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
B. prepared by microelement nutritious liquid: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
C. being mixed according to the dilution proportion of 1:1 with microelement nutritious liquid by above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid, extension rate is 900-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 830-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or diluted alkaline adjustment criteria nutritional solution is 5.8-6.0, obtains nutritional solution in florescence；
(3) fruiting period nutritional solution preparation method:
A. prepared by macro-element nutrients liquid: NH4-N1.3-2.4mmoll-1, NO3-N7.0-13.0mmoll-1, S0.7-2.7mmoll-1, P0.7-1.6mmoll-1, K3.3-7.2mmoll-1, Mg1.0-2.3mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.5mmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
B. prepared by microelement nutritious liquid: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
C. being mixed according to 1:1 dilution proportion with microelement nutritious liquid by macro-element nutrients liquid, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 800-1175ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or the diluted alkaline above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains fruiting period nutritional solution.
On the basis of such scheme, described dilution adopt be with soilless culture special cross drainage.
(3) feed liquid method of above-mentioned fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid:
(1) Seedling Stage: the feature that in view of Seedling Stage absorbability is weak, room is little, fertilizer requirement is little, takes the nutrient solution prescription that fertilizer amount is rarer, and repeatedly waters on a small quantity, and liquid manure is alternately used, and ensures that growth of seedling needs, and not burn seedlings；
(2) in florescence: adopt the formula of balance N, P, K, florescence, nutritional solution liquid supply rate was every day 5-12 time, every time every strain plant 120ml；
(3) fruiting period: fruiting period nutritional solution liquid supply rate is every day 15-18 time, every time every strain plant 120ml.
Compared with prior art, the present invention also differ in that with prior art is maximum: 1) in crop different growing, optimize fertility formula according to nutrient uptake feature preparation is corresponding, farthest utilize desired ion in nutritional solution, decrease the excess accumulation not absorbing ion；2) improve Ca and P content, reach the most rational balanced proportions of Crop between each ion, decrease the accumulation of excess amount of ions, and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Therefore, compared with prior art, there is advantages that
Present invention firstly provides highly efficient and productive nutritional solution of applicable fruit vegetables plant growth and preparation method thereof and feed liquid method, and propose its different growing applicable, the i.e. nutritional solution proportion optimizing scheme of the different growth phases of Seedling Stage, florescence and fruiting period, farthest utilize nutrient substance, evade the addition of salt ion as far as possible, decrease the accumulation in substrate of the unnecessary ion, be conducive to the recycling of nutritional solution, also improve soilless culture water, use fertile efficiency, at least have the advantage that
(1) nutrient uptake feature according to fruit vegetables crop, meets the necessary nutritional need of its soilless culture；Reach the most rational balanced proportions of Crop between each ion, decrease the accumulation of excess amount of ions, and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.
(2) nutrient solution prescription of science reasonable feed flow are adopted according to different growing, farthest meet the growth needs of different growing fruit vegetables crop, in view of fruit vegetables crop seedling phase absorbability is weak, the feature that room is little, fertilizer requirement is little, taking the nutrient solution prescription that fertilizer amount is rarer, and repeatedly water on a small quantity, liquid manure is alternately used, guarantee growth of seedling needs, and not burn seedlings；The fruit vegetables crop flowers phase is more sensitive, and nitrogenous fertilizer too much can cause fruit drop, and increment is big simultaneously, and fertilizer requirement is also big, thus adopts the formula of balance N, P, K, and namely in macro-element nutrients in florescence liquid, N content is more than Seedling Stage, and K content is less than fruiting period；Fruit vegetables crop fruiting period increment is big, produces fruit in a large number, and fertilizer requirement is also big, and particularly K is fertile, thus adopts the K formula higher than N, P, and owing to being under higher temperature and growing, total concentration of fertilizer is slightly below florescence.By these measures, drastically increase the yield and quality of fruit vegetables crop.
(3) at utmost reducing the accumulation of unnecessary ion, backflow can repeatedly recycle simultaneously, reduces the waste of liquid manure.
(4) improve nitrogen service efficiency, it is possible to what chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced makes consumption；
(5) using the utilization ratio that this nutritional solution can improve nitrogenous fertilizer to reach 10-20%, the absorbance improving phosphate fertilizer reaches 20-30%.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but never in any form the present invention is any limitation as, and based on present invention teach that any conversion or replacement made, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one: cucumber nutrient solution formula, preparation method and feed liquid method
(1) cucumber nutrient solution prescription, preparation method and feed liquid method
1. Seedling Stage nutrient solution prescription:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N0.6mmoll-1, NO3-N5.8mmoll-1, S0.4mmoll-1, P1.2mmoll-1, K1.9mmoll-1, Mg0.7mmoll-1, Ca1.4mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe10 μm of oll-1、B16μmoll-1、Mn6μmoll-1、 Zn3μmoll-1、Cu0.4μmoll-1、Mo0.5μmoll-1；
2. Seedling Stage nutritional solution preparation method:
A. Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid is prepared: NH4-N0.6mmoll-1, NO3-N5.8mmoll-1, S0.4mmoll-1, P1.2mmoll-1, K1.9mmoll-1, Mg0.7mmoll-1, Ca1.4mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe10 μm of oll-1、B16μmoll-1、Mn6μmoll-1、Zn3μmoll-1、Cu0.4μmoll-1、Mo0.5μmoll-1；
C. above-mentioned Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 580-1100ppm；
D. regulating above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or diluted alkaline is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution.
3. the feed liquid method of Seedling Stage nutritional solution:
In view of absorbability in seedling stage is weak, the feature that room is little, fertilizer requirement is little, repeatedly water on a small quantity, liquid manure is alternately used, and ensures that growth of seedling needs, and not burn seedlings.
(2) Fructus Cucumidis sativi nutrient solution prescription in florescence, preparation method and feed liquid method:
1. nutrient solution prescription in florescence:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N1.0-mmoll-1, NO3-N6.5mmoll-1, S0.5mmoll-1, P0.9mmoll-1, K3.0mmoll-1, Mg0.8mmoll-1, Ca1.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe10 μm of oll-1、B16μmoll-1、Mn6μmoll-1、Zn3μmoll-1、Cu0.4μmoll-1、Mo0.5μmoll-1；
2. nutritional solution in florescence preparation method:
A. macro-element nutrients liquid in florescence is prepared: NH4-N1.0-mmoll-1, NO3-N6.5mmoll-1, S0.5mmoll-1, P0.9mmoll-1, K3.0mmoll-1, Mg0.8mmoll-1, Ca1.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe10 μm of oll-1、B16μmoll-1、Mn6μmoll-1、Zn3μmoll-1、Cu0.4μmoll-1、Mo0.5μmoll-1；
C. macro-element nutrients liquid in above-mentioned florescence: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 900-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 830-1100ppm；
D. it is 5.8-6.0 with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or diluted alkaline adjustment criteria nutritional solution pH value, obtains nutritional solution in florescence；
3. feed liquid method in florescence:
Florescence is more sensitive, and nitrogenous fertilizer too much can cause fruit drop, and increment is big simultaneously, and fertilizer requirement is also big, thus adopts the formula of balance N, P, K, and application controls fertilizer application frequency controls total dose.Liquid supply rate every day 5-12 time, every time every strain plant 120ml；
(3) Fructus Cucumidis sativi fruiting period nutrient solution prescription, preparation method and feed liquid method:
1. Fructus Cucumidis sativi fruiting period nutrient solution prescription:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N1.3mmoll-1, NO3-N7.0mmoll-1, S0.7mmoll-1, P0.7mmoll-1, K3.3mmoll-1, Mg1.0mmoll-1, Ca1.4mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe10 μm of oll-1、B16μmoll-1、Mn6μmoll-1、Zn3μmoll-1、Cu0.4μmoll-1、Mo0.5μmoll-1；
2. fruiting period nutritional solution preparation method
A. fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid is prepared: NH4-N1.3mmoll-1, NO3-N7.0mmoll-1, S0.7mmoll-1, P0.7mmoll-1, K3.3mmoll-1, Mg1.0mmoll-1, Ca1.4mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe10 μm of oll-1、B16μmoll-1、Mn6μmoll-1、Zn3μmoll-1、Cu0.4μmoll-1、Mo0.5μmoll-1；
C. above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 800-1175ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or diluted alkaline adjustment criteria nutritional solution is 5.8-6.0, obtains fruiting period nutritional solution；
3. fruiting period nutritional solution feed liquid method
Fruiting period increment is big, produces fruit in a large number, and fertilizer requirement is also big, and particularly K is fertile, thus adopts the K formula higher than N, P, and owing to being under higher temperature and growing, total concentration of fertilizer is slightly below florescence.Liquid supply rate every day 15-18 time, each 120ml.
Embodiment two: Fructus Solani melongenae nutrient solution prescription, preparation method and feed liquid method
(1) eggplant seedling phase nutrient solution prescription, preparation method and feed liquid method
1. Seedling Stage nutrient solution prescription:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N1.2mmoll-1, NO3-N10.8mmoll-1, S2.2mmoll-1, P2.3mmoll-1, K4.1mmoll-1, Mg1.8mmoll-1, Ca3.6mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe18 μm of oll-1、B30μmoll-1、Mn12μmoll-1、Zn6μmoll-1、Cu0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.9μmoll-1；
2. Seedling Stage nutritional solution preparation method:
A. Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid is prepared:
NH4-N1.2mmoll-1, NO3-N10.8mmoll-1, S2.2mmoll-1, P2.3mmoll-1, K4.1mmoll-1, Mg1.8mmoll-1, Ca3.6mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared:
Fe18μmoll-1、B30μmoll-1、Mn12μmoll-1、Zn6μmoll-1、Cu0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.9μmoll-1；
C. above-mentioned Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 580-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or the diluted alkaline above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution.
3. the feed liquid method of Seedling Stage nutritional solution:
In view of absorbability in seedling stage is weak, the feature that room is little, fertilizer requirement is little, repeatedly water on a small quantity, liquid manure is alternately used, and ensures that growth of seedling needs, and not burn seedlings.
(2) Fructus Solani melongenae nutrient solution prescription in florescence, preparation method and feed liquid method:
1. nutrient solution prescription in florescence:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N12.0mmoll-1, S2.4mmoll-1, P1.7mmoll-1, K6.8mmoll-1, Mg2.0mmoll-1, Ca3.7mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe18 μm of oll-1、B30μmoll-1、Mn12μmoll-1、Zn6μmoll-1、Cu0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.9μmoll-1；
2. nutritional solution in florescence preparation method:
A. macro-element nutrients liquid in florescence is prepared: NH4-N1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N12.0mmoll-1, S2.4mmoll-1, P1.7mmoll-1, K6.8mmoll-1, Mg2.0mmoll-1, Ca3.7mmoll-1
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe18 μm of oll-1、B30μmoll-1、Mn12μmoll-1、Zn6μmoll-1、Cu0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.9μmoll-1；
C. macro-element nutrients liquid in above-mentioned florescence: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 900-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 830-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or diluted alkaline adjustment criteria nutritional solution is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution.
3. feed liquid method in florescence:
Florescence is more sensitive, and nitrogenous fertilizer too much can cause fruit drop, and increment is big simultaneously, and fertilizer requirement is also big, thus adopts the formula of balance N, P, K, and application controls fertilizer application frequency controls total dose.Liquid supply rate every day 5-12 time, every time every strain plant 120ml；
(3) Fructus Solani melongenae fruiting period nutrient solution prescription, preparation method and feed liquid method:
1. fruiting period nutrient solution prescription:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N2.4mmoll-1, NO3-N13.0mmoll-1, S2.7mmoll-1, P1.6mmoll-1, K7.2mmoll-1, Mg2.3mmoll-1, Ca3.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe18 μm of oll-1、B30μmoll-1、Mn12μmoll-1、Zn6μmoll-1、Cu0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.9μmoll-1；
2. fruiting period nutritional solution preparation method
A. fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid is prepared: NH4-N2.4mmoll-1, NO3-N13.0mmoll-1, S2.7mmoll-1, P1.6mmoll-1, K7.2mmoll-1, Mg2.3mmoll-1, Ca3.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe18 μm of oll-1、B30μmoll-1、Mn12μmoll-1、Zn6μmoll-1、Cu0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.9μmoll-1；
C. by above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 800-1175ppm；
D. regulating above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or diluted alkaline is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution.
3. fruiting period nutritional solution feed liquid method
Fruiting period increment is big, produces fruit in a large number, and fertilizer requirement is also big, and particularly K is fertile, thus adopts the K formula higher than N, P, and owing to being under higher temperature and growing, total concentration of fertilizer is slightly below florescence.Liquid supply rate every day 15-18 time, each 120ml.
Embodiment three: tomato nutrient formula of liquid, preparation method and feed liquid method
(1) tomato seedling phase nutrient solution prescription, preparation method and feed liquid method
1. Seedling Stage nutrient solution prescription:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N0.9mmoll-1, NO3-N8.3mmoll-1, S1.3mmoll-1, P1.8mmoll-1, K3.0mmoll-1, Mg1.3mmoll-1, Ca2.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe14 μm of oll-1、B23μmoll-1、Mn9μmoll-1、Zn4.5μmoll-1、Cu0.55μmoll-1、Mo0.7μmoll-1；
2. Seedling Stage nutritional solution preparation method:
A. Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid is prepared:
NH4-N0.9mmoll-1, NO3-N8.3mmoll-1, S1.3mmoll-1, P1.8mmoll-1, K3.0mmoll-1, Mg1.3mmoll-1, Ca2.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe14 μm of oll-1、B23μmoll-1、Mn9μmoll-1、Zn4.5μmoll-1、Cu0.55μmoll-1、Mo0.7μmoll-1；
C. by above-mentioned Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid: microelement nutritious liquid mixes according to the drainage dilution proportion of crossing that 1:1 soilless culture is special, and extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 580-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or the diluted alkaline above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution.
3. the feed liquid method of Seedling Stage nutritional solution:
In view of absorbability in seedling stage is weak, the feature that room is little, fertilizer requirement is little, repeatedly water on a small quantity, liquid manure is alternately used, and ensures that growth of seedling needs, and not burn seedlings.
(2) Fructus Lycopersici esculenti nutrient solution prescription in florescence, preparation method and feed liquid method:
1. nutrient solution prescription in florescence:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid:
NH4-N1.5mmoll-1, NO3-N9.3mmoll-1, S1.5mmoll-1, P1.3mmoll-1, K4.9mmoll-1, Mg1.4mmoll-1, Ca2.6mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe14 μm of oll-1、B23μmoll-1、Mn9μmoll-1、Zn4.5μmoll-1、Cu0.55μmoll-1、Mo0.7μmoll-1；
2. nutritional solution in florescence preparation method:
A. macro-element nutrients liquid in florescence is prepared:
NH4-N1.5mmoll-1, NO3-N9.3mmoll-1, S1.5mmoll-1, P1.3mmoll-1, K4.9mmoll-1, Mg1.4mmoll-1, Ca2.6mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe14 μm of oll-1、B23μmoll-1、Mn9μmoll-1、Zn4.5μmoll-1、Cu0.55μmoll-1、Mo0.7μmoll-1；
C. by macro-element nutrients liquid in above-mentioned florescence: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 900-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 830-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or the diluted alkaline above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution.
3. feed liquid method in florescence:
Florescence is more sensitive, and nitrogenous fertilizer too much can cause fruit drop, and increment is big simultaneously, and fertilizer requirement is also big, thus adopts the formula of balance N, P, K, and application controls fertilizer application frequency controls total dose.Liquid supply rate every day 5-12 time, every time every strain plant 120ml.
(3) Fructus Lycopersici esculenti fruiting period nutrient solution prescription, preparation method and feed liquid method:
1. fruiting period nutrient solution prescription:
A. macro-element nutrients formula of liquid: NH4-N1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N10.0mmoll-1, S1.7mmoll-1, P1.2mmoll-1, K5.3mmoll-1, Mg1.7mmoll-1, Ca2.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid formula: Fe14 μm of oll-1、B23μmoll-1、Mn9μmoll-1、Zn4.5μmoll-1、Cu0.55μmoll-1、Mo0.7μmoll-1；
2. fruiting period nutritional solution preparation method
A. fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid is prepared: NH4-N1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N10.0mmoll-1, S1.7mmoll-1, P1.2mmoll-1, K5.3mmoll-1, Mg1.7mmoll-1, Ca2.5mmoll-1；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe14 μm of oll-1、B23μmoll-1、Mn9μmoll-1、Zn4.5μmoll-1、Cu0.55μmoll-1、Mo0.7μmoll-1；
C. by above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid: microelement nutritious liquid according to 1:1 ratio soilless culture special cross drainage dilution mixture, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 800-1175ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or diluted alkaline adjustment criteria nutritional solution is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution.
3. fruiting period nutritional solution feed liquid method
Fruiting period increment is big, produces fruit in a large number, and fertilizer requirement is also big, and particularly K is fertile, thus adopts the K formula higher than N, P, and owing to being under higher temperature and growing, total concentration of fertilizer is slightly below florescence.Liquid supply rate every day 15-18 time, each 120ml.
Be below the present invention implement one, two, three with control experiment scheme to fruit vegetables crop growing state and yield, quality, liquid manure utilization ratio results contrast table:
Nutritional solution of the present invention and feed liquid method on fruit vegetables crop growing state and yield, quality, liquid manure utilization ratio impact
Proved by the lot of experiments of above-described embodiment, compared with the rugged test in matched group mountain, no matter embodiment one, two, three is in crop growing state with yield, quality and liquid manure utilization ratio etc., has extremely significant effect, and especially yield and quality has great raising.Integrated comparative, utilizes the nutrient solution prescription preparation of the present invention and the nutritional solution that obtain carries out reasonable feed flow and uses, preferably, in Fructus Lycopersici esculenti and Fructus Cucumidis sativi, also effect is obvious for the application effect in Fructus Solani melongenae.In a word, highly efficient and productive nutritional solution of fruit vegetables plant growth disclosed by the invention and preparation method thereof and feed liquid method, propose its different growing applicable, the i.e. nutrient solution prescription scheme of the different growth phases of Seedling Stage, florescence and fruiting period, farthest utilize nutrient substance, evade the addition of salt ion as far as possible, decrease the accumulation in substrate of the unnecessary ion, be conducive to the recycling of nutritional solution, also improve the utilization ratio of soilless culture water, at least have the advantage that
(1) nutrient uptake feature according to fruit vegetables crop, meets the necessary nutritional need of its soilless culture；
(2) nutritional solution of science reasonable feed flow are adopted according to different growing, farthest meet the growth needs of different growing fruit vegetables crop, in view of absorbability in seedling stage is weak, the feature that room is little, fertilizer requirement is little, taking the nutrient solution prescription that fertilizer amount is rarer, and repeatedly water on a small quantity, liquid manure is alternately used, guarantee growth of seedling needs, and not burn seedlings；More sensitive for florescence, nitrogenous fertilizer too much can cause fruit drop, and increment is big simultaneously, and fertilizer requirement is also big, thus adopt the formula of balance N, P, K, namely in macro-element nutrients in florescence liquid, N content is more than Seedling Stage, and K content is less than fruiting period, and application controls fertilizer application frequency controls total dose；Big for fruiting period increment, produce fruit in a large number, fertilizer requirement is also big, and particularly K is fertile, thus adopts the K formula higher than N, P, and owing to being under higher temperature and growing, total concentration of fertilizer is slightly below florescence.By these measures, drastically increase the yield and quality of fruit vegetables crop.
(3) at utmost reducing the accumulation of unnecessary ion, solving backflow can repeatedly recycle simultaneously, reduces the waste of liquid manure.
(4) improve nitrogen service efficiency, it is possible to what chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced makes consumption；
(5) use the utilization ratio that this nutritional solution can improve nitrogenous fertilizer to reach 10-20%, promote that the absorption of phosphate fertilizer reaches 20-30%.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims (7)

1. a fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid, including containing the macro-element nutrients liquid of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and the microelement nutritious liquid containing B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mo, it is characterized in that, respectively preparation Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid, florescence macro-element nutrients liquid and fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid, in wherein said Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid, N, P, K content is lower than florescence and fruiting period；In described florescence macro-element nutrients liquid, N content is more than Seedling Stage, and K content is less than fruiting period；In described fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid, K content is higher than N, P content.
2. fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid, contained nutrient formula is: NH4-N0.6-1.2mmoll-1, NO3-N5.8-10.8mmoll-1, S0.4-2.2mmoll-1, P1.2-2.3mmoll-1, K1.9-4.1mmoll-1, Mg0.7-1.8mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.6mmoll-1；
In described florescence macro-element nutrients liquid, contained nutrient formula is: NH4-N1.0-1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N6.5-12.0mmoll-1, S0.5-2.4mmoll-1, P0.9-1.7mmoll-1, K3.0-6.8mmoll-1, Mg0.8-2.0mmoll-1, Ca1.5-3.7mmoll-1；
In described fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid, contained nutrient formula is: NH4-N1.3-2.4mmoll-1, NO3-N7.0-13.0mmoll-1, S0.7-2.7mmoll-1, P0.7-1.6mmoll-1, K3.3-7.2mmoll-1, Mg1.0-2.3mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.5mmoll-1。
3. fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the soilless culture nutrient fluid of Seedling Stage, florescence and fruiting period adopts identical microelement nutritious liquid, and in described microelement nutritious liquid, contained nutrient formula is: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1。
4. the fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that described fruit vegetables crop is Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Solani melongenae, Fructus Capsici or Fructus Cucumidis sativi.
5. the preparation method of a fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) Seedling Stage nutritional solution preparation method:
A. Seedling Stage macro-element nutrients liquid is prepared: NH4-N0.6-1.2mmoll-1, NO3-N5.8-10.8mmoll-1, S0.4-2.2mmoll-1, P1.2-2.3mmoll-1, K1.9-4.1mmoll-1, Mg0.7-1.8mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.6mmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
C. above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid mixes according to the dilution proportion of 1:1 with microelement nutritious liquid, and extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 580-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or the diluted alkaline above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains Seedling Stage nutritional solution；
(2) nutritional solution in florescence preparation method:
A. macro-element nutrients liquid in florescence is prepared: NH4-N1.0-1.9mmoll-1, NO3-N6.5-12.0mmoll-1, S0.5-2.4mmoll-1, P0.9-1.7mmoll-1, K3.0-6.8mmoll-1, Mg0.8-2.0mmoll-1, Ca1.5-3.7mmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
B. microelement nutritious liquid is prepared: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
C. above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid mixes according to the dilution proportion of 1:1 with microelement nutritious liquid, and extension rate is 900-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 830-1100ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or the diluted alkaline above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains nutritional solution in florescence；
(3) fruiting period nutritional solution preparation method:
A. prepared by fruiting period macro-element nutrients liquid: NH4-N1.3-2.4mmoll-1, NO3-N7.0-13.0mmoll-1, S0.7-2.7mmoll-1, P0.7-1.6mmoll-1, K3.3-7.2mmoll-1, Mg1.0-2.3mmoll-1, Ca1.4-3.5mmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
B. prepared by microelement nutritious liquid: Fe10-18 μm of oll-1、B16-30μmoll-1、Mn6-12μmoll-1、Zn3-6μmoll-1、Cu0.4-0.7μmoll-1、Mo0.5-0.9μmoll-1, weigh each compound containing above element in proportion；
C. being mixed according to the dilution proportion of 1:1 with microelement nutritious liquid by above-mentioned macro-element nutrients liquid, extension rate is 800-1200 times, obtains the standard liquid nutrient that nutrient total ion concentration is 800-1175ppm；
D. the pH value with the diluted acid of 1M concentration or the diluted alkaline above-mentioned standard liquid nutrient of adjustment is 5.8-6.0, obtains fruiting period nutritional solution.
6. the preparation method of fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described dilution adopt be soilless culture special cross drainage.
7. the feed liquid method of a fruit vegetables crop soilless culture nutrient fluid:
(1) Seedling Stage: repeatedly water on a small quantity, water and Seedling Stage nutritional solution are alternately used；
(2) florescence: florescence, nutritional solution liquid supply rate was every day 5-12 time, every time every strain plant 120ml；
(3) fruiting period: fruiting period nutritional solution liquid supply rate is every day 15-18 time, every time every strain plant 120ml.
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