CN105777255B - fruit and vegetable crop soilless culture nutrient solution, preparation method and liquid supply method - Google Patents
fruit and vegetable crop soilless culture nutrient solution, preparation method and liquid supply method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soilless culture nutrient solution for fruit and vegetable crops, a preparation method and a liquid supply method. A nutrient solution for soilless culture of fruit and vegetable crops comprises macroelements of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and nutrient solutions of microelements of B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mo, and is prepared into a seedling macroelement nutrient solution, a flowering macroelement nutrient solution and a fruiting macroelement nutrient solution respectively, wherein the content of N, P, K in the seedling macroelement nutrient solution is lower than that in the flowering phase and the fruiting phase; the N content in the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period is greater than that in the seedling period, and the K content is less than that in the fruiting period; in the result period, the K content in the macroelement nutrient solution is higher than N, P content. In different growth periods of crops, ions required in the nutrient solution are utilized to the maximum extent, and excessive accumulation of unabsorbed ions is reduced; the content of Ca and P is increased, the most reasonable balance proportion of crop absorption among ions is achieved, the accumulation of excessive ions is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a soilless culture nutrient solution for fruit and vegetable crops in different growth periods, a preparation method and a liquid supply method.
background
the soilless culture technology is a modern agricultural production mode with intensified technology, and is a planting mode for vegetable crop cultivation by adopting nutrient solution and matrix under artificial control. The content and proportion of various nutrient elements in the nutrient solution can be manually regulated, so that the requirements of crops on the conditions of nutrition, moisture and gas can be fully met, and the aims of high yield and high efficiency are fulfilled. The soilless culture has the advantages of saving water, energy, labor and fertilizer and land resources, and has no defects of soil pollution, soil-borne diseases, continuous cropping obstacles and the like, so the soilless culture is a development direction of future vegetable production. The soilless culture vegetable production in developed countries accounts for over 50% of the total vegetable production.
in the soilless culture technology, the preparation of high-yield and high-efficiency nutrient solution is the core part of the production technology. The soilless culture technology relates to the variety of compound fertilizers, the proportion, the pH value, the liquid supply system and the like.
the conventional nutrient solution is lack of a high-yield and high-efficiency proportioning scheme for soilless culture of fruits and vegetables, and particularly a nutrient solution distribution scheme suitable for fruit and vegetable crops in different growth periods. In addition, the existing nutrient solution generally adopts a high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium scheme, and the schemes reduce the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer on one hand and increase the discharge amount of waste liquid in production on the other hand.
among the reported nutrient solutions for soilless culture of fruit and vegetable, there is the formula of kawasaki (1978), whose major elements are: NH (NH)4-N 1.0mmol l-1；NO3-N 10.0mmol l-1；S 1.0mmol l-1；P 0.49mmol l-1；K 3.48mmol l-1；Mg 1.0mmol l-1；Ca 1.0mmol l-1. The formula belongs to a high N, K formula, and the content of P, Ca is relatively low, so that the formula is not suitable for the current commercial demand.
the other formula is a fruit and vegetable broad-spectrum formula published by southern China agricultural university (1990), and the major elements of the formula are as follows: NH (NH)4-N 0.0mmol l-1(none); NO3-N 8.0mmol l-1；S 1.0mmol l-1；P 0.17mmol l-1；K 2.22mmol l-1；Mg 1.0mmol l-1；Ca 1.0mmol l-1. The formula has low total salt concentration, especially low P content.
In general, the two nutrient solutions have the defects of low content of Ca and P, no formula value of trace elements and no corresponding proportioning technical scheme aiming at different growth periods. In a word, the nutrient solution prepared by the two schemes cannot completely meet the growth requirements of fruit and vegetable crops, and the growth vigor, the yield, the quality and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the crops cannot reach the optimal effect when the fruit and vegetable crops are cultured by adopting the nutrient solution prepared by the two schemes.
disclosure of Invention
The growth of fruit and vegetable crops is divided into three different stages of seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage. In the three different stages, plants need different supply amounts of major elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and trace elements B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mo, and different dilution times and single-day liquid supply amounts.
the invention aims to provide a soilless culture nutrient solution suitable for fruit and vegetable crops in different growth periods, a preparation method and a liquid supply method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
The soilless culture nutrient solution for fruit and vegetable crops comprises a macroelement nutrient solution containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and a microelement nutrient solution containing B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mo, wherein the same microelement nutrient solution is adopted for the soilless culture nutrient solution in three different growth periods of a seedling stage, a flowering stage and a fruiting stage, and different macroelement nutrient solution formulas are adopted for the three different growth periods of the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the fruiting stage due to different macroelement supply amounts required by the growth of the crops;
the method has the characteristics of weak absorption capacity, small nutrient area and small fertilizer demand in the seedling stage, and adopts a matching scheme that the content of N, P, K in a macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage is lower than that in the flowering stage and the fruiting stage and a nutrient solution with thinner fertilizer supply amount;
the flowering period is sensitive, flower and fruit dropping can be caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the growth amount is large, and the fertilizer requirement is large, so that a formula of balanced N, P, K is adopted, namely the content of N in the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period is greater than that in the seedling period, and the content of K is less than that in the fruiting period;
the fruit yield is large in the fruiting period, fruits are produced in large quantities, and the fertilizer requirement is large, particularly the K fertilizer, so that the K content in the macroelement nutrient solution in the fruiting period is higher than N, P.
The formula of the nutrient elements contained in the trace element nutrient solution is as follows: fe 10-18. mu. mol/l-1、B 16-30μmol l-1、Mn 6-12μmol l-1、Zn 3-6μmol l-1、Cu 0.4-0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.5-0.9μmol l-1；
The macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the fruiting stage is respectively as follows:
The formula of the nutrient elements contained in the macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage is as follows: NH (NH)4-N0.6-1.2mmol l-1，NO3-N 5.8-10.8mmol l-1，S 0.4-2.2mmol l-1，P 1.2-2.3mmol l-1，K 1.9-4.1mmol l-1，Mg 0.7-1.8mmol l-1，Ca 1.4-3.6mmol l-1；
the nutrient solution for the macroelements in the flowering period comprises the following nutrient elements: NH (NH)4-N1.0-1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 6.5-12.0mmol l-1，S 0.5-2.4mmol l-1，P0.9-1.7mmol l-1，K 3.0-6.8mmol l-1，Mg 0.8-2.0mmol l-1，Ca 1.5-3.7mmol l-1；
The formula of the nutrient elements contained in the macroelement nutrient solution in the fruiting period is as follows: NH (NH)4-N1.3-2.4mmol l-1，NO3-N 7.0-13.0mmol l-1，S 0.7-2.7mmol l-1，P0.7-1.6mmol l-1，K 3.3-7.2mmol l-1，Mg 1.0-2.3mmol l-1，Ca 1.4-3.5mmol l-1；
The fruit and vegetable crops comprise eggplant, tomato, hot pepper and cucumber.
secondly, the preparation method of the soilless culture nutrient solution for fruit and vegetable crops comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution: NH (NH)4-N 0.6-1.2mmol l-1，NO3-N5.8-10.8mmol l-1，S 0.4-2.2mmol l-1，P 1.2-2.3mmol l-1，K 1.9-4.1mmol l-1，Mg 0.7-1.8mmol l-1，Ca 1.4-3.6mmol l-1weighing each compound containing the elements in proportion;
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 10-18. mu. mol/l-1、B 16-30μmol l-1、Mn6-12μmol l-1、Zn 3-6μmol l-1、Cu 0.4-0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.5-0.9μmol l-1Weighing each compound containing the elements in proportion;
c. Diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution times are 800-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 580-1100 ppm;
d. adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using 1M dilute acid or dilute seedling-stage nutrient solution alkali to obtain a seedling-stage nutrient solution;
(2) the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the flowering phase comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution: NH (NH)4-N 1.0-1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N6.5-12.0mmol l-1，S 0.5-2.4mmol l-1，P 0.9-1.7mmol l-1，K 3.0-6.8mmol l-1，Mg 0.8-2.0mmol l-1，Ca 1.5-3.7mmol l-1Weighing each compound containing the elements in proportion;
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 10-18. mu. mol/l-1、B 16-30μmol l-1、Mn6-12μmol l-1、Zn 3-6μmol l-1、Cu 0.4-0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.5-0.9μmol l-1Weighing each compound containing the elements in proportion;
c. diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution times are 900-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 830-1100 ppm;
d. Adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using diluted acid or diluted alkali with the concentration of 1M to obtain a nutrient solution in the flowering phase;
(3) the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the fruiting period comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a macroelement nutrient solution: NH (NH)4-N 1.3-2.4mmol l-1，NO3-N7.0-13.0mmol l-1，S 0.7-2.7mmol l-1，P 0.7-1.6mmol l-1，K 3.3-7.2mmol l-1，Mg 1.0-2.3mmol l-1，Ca 1.4-3.5mmol l-1Weighing each compound containing the elements in proportion;
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 10-18. mu. mol/l-1、B 16-30μmol l-1、Mn6-12μmol l-1、Zn 3-6μmol l-1、Cu 0.4-0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.5-0.9μmol l-1weighing each compound containing the elements in proportion;
c. diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution times are 800-1200 times, and obtaining the standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 800-1175 ppm;
d. Adjusting pH of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 with 1M diluted acid or diluted alkali to obtain the nutrient solution in fruiting period.
On the basis of the scheme, the special filter water for soilless culture is adopted for dilution.
And (III) a liquid supply method of the soilless culture nutrient solution for fruit and vegetable crops comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) seedling stage: in view of the characteristics of weak absorption capacity, small nutrition area and small fertilizer demand in the seedling stage, a nutrient solution formula with thinner fertilizer supply is adopted, a small amount of water is watered for multiple times, and water and fertilizer are alternately applied, so that the growth requirement of seedlings is guaranteed, and the seedlings are not burnt;
(2) And (3) flowering period: adopting a formula of balanced N, P, K, wherein the liquid supply amount of the nutrient solution in the flowering period is 5-12 times per day, and each plant is 120ml each time;
(3) And (4) a result period: the liquid supply amount of the nutrient solution in the fruiting period is 15-18 times per day, and each plant is 120ml each time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is also different from the prior art in the following aspects: 1) in different growth periods of crops, a corresponding optimized fertility formula is prepared according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand, ions required in the nutrient solution are utilized to the maximum extent, and excessive accumulation of unabsorbed ions is reduced; 2) the content of Ca and P is increased, the most reasonable balance proportion of crop absorption among ions is achieved, the accumulation of excessive ions is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved.
therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency nutrient solution suitable for growth of fruit and vegetable crops for the first time, a preparation method and a liquid supply method thereof, and provides a nutrient solution optimized proportioning scheme suitable for different growth stages of the fruit and vegetable crops, namely different growth stages of a seedling stage, a flowering stage and a fruiting stage, so that nutrient substances are utilized to the maximum extent, the addition amount of salt ions is avoided as much as possible, the accumulation of unnecessary ions in a matrix is reduced, the reutilization of the nutrient solution is facilitated, the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of soilless culture is also improved, and the invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of fruit and vegetable crops, the nutrient requirement required by soilless culture is met; the most reasonable balance proportion of crop absorption among ions is achieved, the accumulation of excessive ions is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved.
(2) the growth requirements of fruit and vegetable crops in different growth periods are met to the greatest extent by adopting scientific nutrient solution formulas and reasonable liquid supply according to different growth periods, and in view of the characteristics of weak absorption capacity, small nutrient area and small fertilizer demand of the fruit and vegetable crops in the seedling period, the nutrient solution formula with thinner fertilizer supply is adopted, a small amount of water is watered for multiple times, and water and fertilizer are alternately applied to ensure the growth requirements of seedlings without burning the seedlings; the flowering period of fruit and vegetable crops is sensitive, flower and fruit dropping can be caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the growth amount is large, and the fertilizer requirement is large, so that a formula of balanced N, P, K is adopted, namely the content of N in the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period is larger than that in the seedling period, and the content of K is smaller than that in the fruiting period; the fruit and vegetable crops have large growth amount in the fruiting period, produce fruits in large quantities and have large fertilizer requirement, particularly K fertilizer, so that a formula with K higher than N, P is adopted, and the total fertilizer concentration is slightly lower than the flowering period due to the fact that the fruits and vegetable crops grow at a higher temperature. By the measures, the yield and the quality of the fruit and vegetable crops are greatly improved.
(3) the accumulation of unnecessary ions is reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the reflux can be reused for multiple times, so that the waste of water and fertilizer is reduced.
(4) The use efficiency of nitrogen is improved, and the use amount of the fertilizer can be greatly reduced;
(5) the use of the nutrient solution can improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer by 10-20 percent and the absorption rate of phosphate fertilizer by 20-30 percent.
Detailed Description
the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teachings of the invention are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
the first embodiment is as follows: formula, preparation method and liquid supply method of cucumber nutrient solution
formula, preparation method and liquid supply method of nutrient solution for cucumber seedling stage
1. the formula of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following components:
a. the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 0.6mmol l-1，NO3-N 5.8mmol l-1，S 0.4mmol l-1，P 1.2mmol l-1，K 1.9mmol l-1，Mg 0.7mmol l-1，Ca1.4mmol l-1；
b. The formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: fe 10. mu. mol l-1、B 16μmol l-1、Mn 6μmol l-1、Zn 3μmol l-1、Cu 0.4μmol l-1、Mo 0.5μmol l-1；
2. The preparation method of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a seedling stage macroelement nutrient solution: NH (NH)4-N 0.6mmol l-1，NO3-N5.8mmol l-1，S 0.4mmol l-1，P 1.2mmol l-1，K 1.9mmol l-1，Mg 0.7mmol l-1，Ca 1.4mmol l-1；
b. preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 10. mu. mol l-1、B 16μmol l-1、Mn 6μmol l-1、Zn 3μmol l-1、Cu 0.4μmol l-1、Mo 0.5μmol l-1；
c. The macroelement nutrient solution for the seedling stage comprises the following components: diluting and mixing the microelement nutrient solution with special soilless culture filtered water according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 800-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 580-1100 ppm;
d. Adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using diluted acid or diluted alkali with the concentration of 1M to obtain the nutrient solution at the seedling stage.
3. the method for supplying the nutrient solution in the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
In view of the characteristics of weak absorption capacity, small nutrition area and small fertilizer demand in the seedling stage, a small amount of water is watered for multiple times, and water and fertilizer are alternately applied, so that the growth requirement of seedlings is ensured, and the seedlings are not burnt.
Secondly, the formula, the preparation method and the liquid supply method of the nutrient solution for the flowering period of the cucumber are as follows:
1. The formula of the nutrient solution in the flowering period is as follows:
a. The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 1.0-mmol l-1，NO3-N 6.5mmol l-1，S 0.5mmol l-1，P 0.9mmol l-1，K 3.0mmol l-1，Mg 0.8mmol l-1，Ca1.5mmol l-1；
b. The formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: fe 10. mu. mol l-1、B 16μmol l-1、Mn 6μmol l-1、Zn 3μmol l-1、Cu 0.4μmol l-1、Mo 0.5μmol l-1；
2. the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the flowering phase comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period: NH (NH)4-N 1.0-mmol l-1，NO3-N6.5mmol l-1，S 0.5mmol l-1，P 0.9mmol l-1，K 3.0mmol l-1，Mg 0.8mmol l-1，Ca 1.5mmol l-1；
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 10. mu. mol l-1、B 16μmol l-1、Mn 6μmol l-1、Zn 3μmol l-1、Cu 0.4μmol l-1、Mo 0.5μmol l-1；
c. diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the microelement nutrient solution with special filter water for soilless culture according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 900-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of nutrient elements of 830-1100 ppm;
d. adjusting pH of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 with 1M dilute acid or dilute alkali to obtain nutrient solution at flowering stage;
3. The liquid supply method in the flowering period comprises the following steps:
The flowering period is sensitive, flower and fruit fall can be caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the growth amount is large, and the fertilizer requirement is also large, so that the formula of balancing N, P and K is adopted, and the total fertilizing amount is controlled by controlling the fertilizing times. The liquid supply amount is 5-12 times per day, and each plant is 120ml each time;
(III) the formula, the preparation method and the liquid supply method of the nutrient solution for the cucumber in the fruiting period are as follows:
1. the cucumber fruiting period nutrient solution formula comprises:
a. the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 1.3mmol l-1，NO3-N 7.0mmol l-1，S 0.7mmol l-1，P 0.7mmol l-1，K 3.3mmol l-1，Mg 1.0mmol l-1，Ca1.4mmol l-1；
b. the formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: fe 10. mu. mol l-1、B 16μmol l-1、Mn 6μmol l-1、Zn 3μmol l-1、Cu 0.4μmol l-1、Mo 0.5μmol l-1；
2. Preparation method of nutrient solution for fruiting period
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution in a fruiting period: NH (NH)4-N 1.3mmol l-1，NO3-N7.0mmol l-1，S 0.7mmol l-1，P 0.7mmol l-1，K 3.3mmol l-1，Mg 1.0mmol l-1，Ca 1.4mmol l-1；
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 10. mu. mol l-1、B 16μmol l-1、Mn 6μmol l-1、Zn 3μmol l-1、Cu 0.4μmol l-1、Mo 0.5μmol l-1；
c. Diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the microelement nutrient solution with special soilless culture filtered water according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 800-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of nutrient elements of 800-1175 ppm;
d. adjusting pH of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 with 1M dilute acid or dilute alkali to obtain a nutrient solution in fruiting period;
3. Method for supplying nutrient solution in fruiting period
the fruit bearing period is large in growth amount, fruits are produced in large quantities, the fertilizer requirement is large, especially K fertilizer, so that a formula that K is higher than N and P is adopted, and the total fertilizer concentration is slightly lower than the flowering period due to growth at higher temperature. The liquid supply amount is 15-18 times per day, and 120ml each time.
Example two: eggplant nutrient solution formula, preparation method and liquid supply method
formula, preparation method and liquid supply method of nutrient solution for eggplant seedling stage
1. the formula of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following components:
a. The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 1.2mmol l-1，NO3-N 10.8mmol l-1，S 2.2mmol l-1，P 2.3mmol l-1，K 4.1mmol l-1，Mg 1.8mmol l-1，Ca3.6mmol l-1；
b. The formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: 18. mu. mol of Fe-1、B 30μmol l-1、Mn 12μmol l-1、Zn 6μmol l-1、Cu 0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.9μmol l-1；
2. The preparation method of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a seedling stage macroelement nutrient solution:
NH4-N 1.2mmol l-1，NO3-N 10.8mmol l-1，S 2.2mmol l-1，P 2.3mmol l-1，K 4.1mmol l-1，Mg 1.8mmol l-1，Ca 3.6mmol l-1；
b. preparing a trace element nutrient solution:
Fe 18μmol l-1、B 30μmol l-1、Mn 12μmol l-1、Zn 6μmol l-1、Cu0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.9μmol l-1；
c. The macroelement nutrient solution for the seedling stage comprises the following components: diluting and mixing the microelement nutrient solution with special soilless culture filtered water according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 800-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 580-1100 ppm;
d. adjusting pH of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 with 1M dilute acid or dilute alkali to obtain seedling stage nutrient solution.
3. The method for supplying the nutrient solution in the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
in view of the characteristics of weak absorption capacity, small nutrition area and small fertilizer demand in the seedling stage, a small amount of water is watered for multiple times, and water and fertilizer are alternately applied, so that the growth requirement of seedlings is ensured, and the seedlings are not burnt.
(II) eggplant flowering phase nutrient solution formula, preparation method and liquid supply method:
1. the formula of the nutrient solution in the flowering period is as follows:
a. the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 12.0mmol l-1，S 2.4mmol l-1，P 1.7mmol l-1，K 6.8mmol l-1，Mg 2.0mmol l-1，Ca3.7mmol l-1；
b. The formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: 18. mu. mol of Fe-1、B 30μmol l-1、Mn 12μmol l-1、Zn 6μmol l-1、Cu 0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.9μmol l-1；
2. the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the flowering phase comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period: NH (NH)4-N 1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N12.0mmol l-1，S 2.4mmol l-1，P 1.7mmol l-1，K 6.8mmol l-1，Mg 2.0mmol l-1，Ca 3.7mmol l-1
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: 18. mu. mol of Fe-1、B 30μmol l-1、Mn 12μmol l-1、Zn 6μmol l-1、Cu 0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.9μmol l-1；
c. Diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the microelement nutrient solution with special filter water for soilless culture according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 900-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of nutrient elements of 830-1100 ppm;
d. and (3) adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using diluted acid or diluted alkali with the concentration of 1M to obtain the nutrient solution at the seedling stage.
3. The liquid supply method in the flowering period comprises the following steps:
the flowering period is sensitive, flower and fruit fall can be caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the growth amount is large, and the fertilizer requirement is also large, so that the formula of balancing N, P and K is adopted, and the total fertilizing amount is controlled by controlling the fertilizing times. The liquid supply amount is 5-12 times per day, and each plant is 120ml each time;
(III) eggplant fruiting period nutrient solution formula, preparation method and liquid supply method:
1. The formula of the nutrient solution in the fruiting period is as follows:
a. The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 2.4mmol l-1，NO3-N 13.0mmol l-1，S 2.7mmol l-1，P 1.6mmol l-1，K 7.2mmol l-1，Mg 2.3mmol l-1，Ca 3.5mmol l-1；
b. The formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: 18. mu. mol of Fe-1、B 30μmol l-1、Mn 12μmol l-1、Zn 6μmol l-1、Cu 0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.9μmol l-1；
2. Preparation method of nutrient solution for fruiting period
a. preparing a macroelement nutrient solution in a fruiting period: NH (NH)4-N 2.4mmol l-1，NO3-N13.0mmol l-1，S 2.7mmol l-1，P 1.6mmol l-1，K 7.2mmol l-1，Mg2.3mmol l-1，Ca 3.5mmol l-1；
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: 18. mu. mol of Fe-1、B 30μmol l-1、Mn 12μmol l-1、Zn 6μmol l-1、Cu 0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.9μmol l-1；
c. Diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the microelement nutrient solution with special soilless culture filtered water according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution times are 800-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of nutrient elements of 800-1175 ppm;
d. adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using diluted acid or diluted alkali with the concentration of 1M to obtain the nutrient solution at the seedling stage.
3. Method for supplying nutrient solution in fruiting period
The fruit bearing period is large in growth amount, fruits are produced in large quantities, the fertilizer requirement is large, especially K fertilizer, so that a formula that K is higher than N and P is adopted, and the total fertilizer concentration is slightly lower than the flowering period due to growth at higher temperature. The liquid supply amount is 15-18 times per day, and 120ml each time.
example three: tomato nutrient solution formula, preparation method and liquid supply method
Formula, preparation method and liquid supply method of nutrient solution for tomato seedling stage
1. the formula of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following components:
a. the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 0.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 8.3mmol l-1，S 1.3mmol l-1，P 1.8mmol l-1，K 3.0mmol l-1，Mg 1.3mmol l-1，Ca2.5mmol l-1；
b. the formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: fe 14. mu. mol l-1、B 23μmol l-1、Mn 9μmol l-1、Zn 4.5μmol l-1、Cu 0.55μmol l-1、Mo 0.7μmol l-1；
2. the preparation method of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a seedling stage macroelement nutrient solution:
NH4-N 0.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 8.3mmol l-1，S 1.3mmol l-1，P 1.8mmol l-1，K 3.0mmol l-1，Mg 1.3mmol l-1，Ca 2.5mmol l-1；
b. preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 14. mu. mol l-1、B 23μmol l-1、Mn 9μmol l-1、Zn 4.5μmol l-1、Cu 0.55μmol l-1、Mo 0.7μmol l-1；
c. and (3) mixing the macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage: diluting and mixing the microelement nutrient solution with special soilless culture filtered water according to the ratio of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 800-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of nutrient elements of 580-1100 ppm;
d. Adjusting pH of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 with 1M dilute acid or dilute alkali to obtain seedling stage nutrient solution.
3. The method for supplying the nutrient solution in the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
in view of the characteristics of weak absorption capacity, small nutrition area and small fertilizer demand in the seedling stage, a small amount of water is watered for multiple times, and water and fertilizer are alternately applied, so that the growth requirement of seedlings is ensured, and the seedlings are not burnt.
(II) the formula, the preparation method and the liquid supply method of the nutrient solution for the flowering period of the tomatoes comprise the following steps:
1. The formula of the nutrient solution in the flowering period is as follows:
a. the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components:
NH4-N 1.5mmol l-1，NO3-N 9.3mmol l-1，S 1.5mmol l-1，P 1.3mmol l-1，K 4.9mmol l-1，Mg 1.4mmol l-1，Ca 2.6mmol l-1；
b. the formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: fe 14. mu. mol l-1、B 23μmol l-1、Mn 9μmol l-1、Zn 4.5μmol l-1、Cu 0.55μmol l-1、Mo 0.7μmol l-1；
2. The preparation method of the nutrient solution in the flowering phase comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period:
NH4-N 1.5mmol l-1，NO3-N 9.3mmol l-1，S 1.5mmol l-1，P 1.3mmol l-1，K 4.9mmol l-1，Mg 1.4mmol l-1，Ca 2.6mmol l-1；
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 14. mu. mol l-1、B 23μmol l-1、Mn 9μmol l-1、Zn 4.5μmol l-1、Cu 0.55μmol l-1、Mo 0.7μmol l-1；
c. diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the microelement nutrient solution in the flowering period by using special filter water for soilless culture according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 900-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of nutrient elements of 830-1100 ppm;
d. Adjusting pH of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 with 1M dilute acid or dilute alkali to obtain seedling stage nutrient solution.
3. The liquid supply method in the flowering period comprises the following steps:
The flowering period is sensitive, flower and fruit fall can be caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the growth amount is large, and the fertilizer requirement is also large, so that the formula of balancing N, P and K is adopted, and the total fertilizing amount is controlled by controlling the fertilizing times. The liquid supply amount is 5-12 times per day, and each plant is 120 ml.
(III) the formula, the preparation method and the liquid supply method of the tomato fruiting period nutrient solution are as follows:
1. The formula of the nutrient solution in the fruiting period is as follows:
a. The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 10.0mmol l-1，S 1.7mmol l-1，P 1.2mmol l-1，K 5.3mmol l-1，Mg 1.7mmol l-1，Ca2.5mmol l-1；
b. the formula of the trace element nutrient solution comprises the following components: fe 14. mu. mol l-1、B 23μmol l-1、Mn 9μmol l-1、Zn 4.5μmol l-1、Cu 0.55μmol l-1、Mo 0.7μmol l-1；
2. Preparation method of nutrient solution for fruiting period
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution in a fruiting period: NH (NH)4-N 1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N10.0mmol l-1，S 1.7mmol l-1，P 1.2mmol l-1，K 5.3mmol l-1，Mg 1.7mmol l-1，Ca 2.5mmol l-1；
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: fe 14. mu. mol l-1、B 23μmol l-1、Mn 9μmol l-1、Zn 4.5μmol l-1、Cu 0.55μmol l-1、Mo 0.7μmol l-1；
c. Diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the microelement nutrient solution with special soilless culture filtered water according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution times are 800-1200 times, and obtaining a standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of nutrient elements of 800-1175 ppm;
d. and (3) adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using diluted acid or diluted alkali with the concentration of 1M to obtain the nutrient solution at the seedling stage.
3. Method for supplying nutrient solution in fruiting period
the fruit bearing period is large in growth amount, fruits are produced in large quantities, the fertilizer requirement is large, especially K fertilizer, so that a formula that K is higher than N and P is adopted, and the total fertilizer concentration is slightly lower than the flowering period due to growth at higher temperature. The liquid supply amount is 15-18 times per day, and 120ml each time.
The following is a table comparing the growth vigor of fruit and vegetable crops with the yield, the quality and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer by implementing the first, second and third experimental schemes of the invention and a comparison experiment scheme:
the nutrient solution and the liquid supply method of the invention have influence on the growth vigor, the yield, the quality and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer of fruit and vegetable crops
Compared with the experiment of the Kawasaki in a control group, the experiments in the first, second and third examples have obvious effects on the growth condition of crops, the yield, the quality, the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and the like, and particularly, the yield and the quality are greatly improved. Compared comprehensively, the nutrient solution prepared by the nutrient solution formula disclosed by the invention is reasonably applied for liquid supply, has the best application effect in eggplants and has an obvious effect in tomatoes and cucumbers. In a word, the invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency nutrient solution for growth of fruit and vegetable crops, a preparation method and a liquid supply method thereof, and provides a nutrient solution formula scheme suitable for different growth stages of the fruit and vegetable crops, namely, different growth stages of a seedling stage, a flowering stage and a fruiting stage, so that nutrient substances are utilized to the greatest extent, the addition of salt ions is avoided as much as possible, the accumulation of unnecessary ions in a matrix is reduced, the reutilization of the nutrient solution is facilitated, the utilization efficiency of water for soilless culture is also improved, and the fruit and vegetable crops have the following advantages:
(1) According to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of fruit and vegetable crops, the nutrient requirement required by soilless culture is met;
(2) Scientific nutrient solution and reasonable liquid supply are adopted according to different growth periods, the growth requirements of fruit and vegetable crops in different growth periods are met to the greatest extent, in view of the characteristics of weak absorption capacity, small nutrient area and small fertilizer demand in seedling period, a nutrient solution formula with thinner fertilizer supply is adopted, a small amount of watering is carried out for multiple times, water and fertilizer are alternately applied, the growth requirements of seedlings are guaranteed, and the seedlings are not burnt; aiming at the problems that the flowering period is sensitive, flower and fruit fall can be caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the growth amount is large, and the fertilizer requirement is large, so that a formula for balancing N, P and K is adopted, namely the N content in the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period is larger than that in the seedling period, the K content is smaller than that in the fruiting period, and the total fertilizing amount is controlled by controlling the fertilizing times; aiming at the problems of large growth amount, mass production of fruits and large fertilizer demand, especially K fertilizer, the formula that K is higher than N and P is adopted, and the total fertilizer concentration is slightly lower than the flowering period because of growth at higher temperature. By the measures, the yield and the quality of the fruit and vegetable crops are greatly improved.
(3) the accumulation of unnecessary ions is reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the problem that the reflux liquid can be reused for many times is solved, and the waste of water and fertilizer is reduced.
(4) The use efficiency of nitrogen is improved, and the use amount of the fertilizer can be greatly reduced;
(5) The utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer can be improved by 10-20% by using the nutrient solution, and the absorption of phosphate fertilizer can be promoted by 20-30%.
those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (5)
1. a fruit and vegetable crop soilless culture nutrient solution comprises a macroelement nutrient solution containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and a microelement nutrient solution containing B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mo, and is characterized in that the macroelement nutrient solution has any one of the following formulas:
(1) The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage is as follows: NH (NH)4-N 0.6mmol l-1，NO3-N 5.8mmol l-1，S 0.4mmol l-1，P 1.2mmol l-1，K 1.9mmol l-1，Mg 0.7mmol l-1，Ca 1.4mmol l-1；
The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period is as follows: NH (NH)4-N 1.0-mmol l-1，NO3-N 6.5mmol l-1，S 0.5mmol l-1，P 0.9mmol l-1，K 3.0mmol l-1，Mg 0.8mmol l-1，Ca 1.5mmol l-1；
In the fruiting period, the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 1.3mmol l-1，NO3-N 7.0mmol l-1，S 0.7mmol l-1，P 0.7mmol l-1，K 3.3mmoll-1，Mg 1.0mmol l-1，Ca 1.4mmol l-1；
(2) The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage is as follows: NH (NH)4-N 1.2mmol l-1，NO3-N 10.8mmol l-1，S 2.2mmol l-1，P 2.3mmol l-1，K 4.1mmoll-1，Mg 1.8mmol l-1，Ca 3.6mmol l-1；
the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period is as follows: NH (NH)4-N 1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 12.0mmol l-1，S 2.4mmol l-1，P 1.7mmol l-1，K 6.8mmoll-1，Mg 2.0mmol l-1，Ca 3.7mmol l-1；
Preparation of macroelement nutrient solution in fruiting periodThe method comprises the following steps: NH (NH)4-N 2.4mmol l-1，NO3-N 13.0mmol l-1，S 2.7mmol l-1，P 1.6mmol l-1，K 7.2mmol l-1，Mg 2.3mmol l-1，Ca 3.5mmol l-1；
(3) The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage is as follows: NH (NH)4-N 0.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 8.3mmol l-1，S 1.3mmol l-1，P 1.8mmol l-1，K 3.0mmol l-1，Mg 1.3mmol l-1，Ca 2.5mmol l-1；
The formula of the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period is as follows: NH (NH)4-N 1.5mmol l-1，NO3-N 9.3mmol l-1，S 1.5mmol l-1，P 1.3mmol l-1，K 4.9mmol l-1，Mg 1.4mmol l-1，Ca 2.6mmol l-1；
In the fruiting period, the formula of the macroelement nutrient solution comprises the following components: NH (NH)4-N 1.9mmol l-1，NO3-N 10.0mmol l-1，S 1.7mmol l-1，P 1.2mmol l-1，K 5.3mmol l-1，Mg 1.7mmol l-1，Ca 2.5mmol l-1；
The soilless culture nutrient solution in the seedling stage, the flowering stage and the fruiting stage adopts the same trace element nutrient solution, and the formula of nutrient elements contained in the trace element nutrient solution is as follows: fe 10-18. mu. mol/l-1、B 16-30μmol l-1、Mn 6-12μmol l-1、Zn 3-6μmol l-1、Cu 0.4-0.7μmol l-1、Mo 0.5-0.9μmol l-1。
2. the nutrient solution for soilless culture of fruit and vegetable crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fruit and vegetable crops are tomatoes, eggplants, peppers or cucumbers.
3. the method for preparing a nutrient solution for soilless culture of fruit and vegetable crops as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) the preparation method of the nutrient solution at the seedling stage comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a seedling stage macroelement nutrient solution: weighing each compound containing the elements in the macroelement nutrient solution in the seedling stage according to the proportion;
b. preparing a trace element nutrient solution: weighing each compound containing the elements in the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion;
c. Diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution times are 800-1200 times, and obtaining the standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 580-1100 ppm;
d. adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using diluted acid or diluted alkali with the concentration of 1M to obtain a nutrient solution at the seedling stage;
(2) The preparation method of the nutrient solution in the flowering phase comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing a macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period: weighing each compound containing the elements in the macroelement nutrient solution in the flowering period according to the proportion;
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: weighing each compound containing the elements in the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion;
c. Diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution times are 900-1200 times, and obtaining the standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 830-1100 ppm;
d. Adjusting the pH value of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 by using diluted acid or diluted alkali with the concentration of 1M to obtain a nutrient solution in the flowering phase;
(3) the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the fruiting period comprises the following steps:
a. Preparing macroelement nutrient solution in the fruiting period: weighing each compound containing the elements in the macroelement nutrient solution in the fruiting period according to the proportion;
b. Preparing a trace element nutrient solution: weighing each compound containing the elements in the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion;
c. diluting and mixing the macroelement nutrient solution and the trace element nutrient solution according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the dilution multiple is 800-1200 times, and obtaining the standard nutrient solution with the total ion concentration of the nutrient elements of 800-1175 ppm;
d. adjusting pH of the standard nutrient solution to 5.8-6.0 with 1M diluted acid or diluted alkali to obtain the nutrient solution in fruiting period.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the dilution is performed using a filtered water dedicated for soilless culture.
5. a method for supplying a nutrient solution for soilless culture of fruit and vegetable crops prepared by the preparation method of claim 3 or 4, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) seedling stage: watering a small amount of water for multiple times, and alternately applying water and the nutrient solution in the seedling stage;
(2) And (3) flowering period: the liquid supply amount of the nutrient solution in the flowering period is 5-12 times per day, and each plant is 120ml each time;
(3) and (4) a result period: the liquid supply amount of the nutrient solution in the fruiting period is 15-18 times per day, and each plant is 120ml each time.
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| CN106365726A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-01 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | Nutrient solution for culturing cucumbers on coconut chaff organic substrate |
| CN106386439A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-02-15 | 贵州大学 | Method for producing tomatoes by a mist spraying method |
| CN106478196A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-08 | 深圳前海弘稼科技有限公司 | cucumber nutrient solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN106613857A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 山东鑫诚现代农业科技有限责任公司 | Soilless cultivation nutrient solution for color peppers and preparation method thereof |
| CN108911826A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-11-30 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of grape soilless culture nutrient fluid and preparation method thereof and application method |
| CN110100553A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-08-09 | 湖北格林凯尔精准农业研究院 | A kind of tomato fertilizing method |
| CN110476734B (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2022-08-30 | 世多乐(青岛)农业科技有限公司 | Cucumber topping prevention method |
| CN110338061A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-18 | 四川农业大学 | The preparation method of detoxic seedling mill water culture nutrient solution and its prepared nutrient solution |
| CN113979805B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-11-04 | 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Soilless culture nutrient solution for wax gourds, preparation method and application method thereof |
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