CN110476734B - Cucumber topping prevention method - Google Patents
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- CN110476734B CN110476734B CN201910669412.7A CN201910669412A CN110476734B CN 110476734 B CN110476734 B CN 110476734B CN 201910669412 A CN201910669412 A CN 201910669412A CN 110476734 B CN110476734 B CN 110476734B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a cucumber topping prevention method, which comprises the following steps: (1) in the field planting period of the cucumber, by using a microelement liquid fertilizer: zn and B are more than or equal to 100g/L, the rooting and seedling-recovering of cucumber seedlings are promoted, and the absorption of the seedlings on medium and trace elements is ensured; and (3) in a fruiting period after planting, by using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and the content Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, the continuous growth of root systems is promoted, the growth vigor of plants on the upper part of the ground is improved, and the resistance of the cucumbers in a low-temperature period is improved; after the low temperature period, by using a trace element liquid fertilizer: zn + B is more than or equal to 100 g/L; n is more than 2 percent and K is more than 3 percent, the low-temperature resistance of the cucumber is improved, the continuous growth of the root system is kept, and the combination of N being more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg being more than or equal to 100g/L, N30 percent, P10 percent and K10 percent promotes the growth of the root system and the overground plant. The invention improves the whole resistance of the cucumber by applying the large, medium and trace element fertilizers in a matching way, and promotes the growth of the root system and the overground part of the plant, thereby preventing the cucumber topping phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a cucumber topping prevention method.
Background
The topping of cucumber flowers is called topping of cucumber, and is caused by excessive reproductive growth and inhibited vegetative growth of cucumber plants. The concrete expression is as follows: the cucumber grows slowly or stagnates, internodes near the growing point of the top are obviously shortened, no new leaves grow out or little leaves are dense near the growing point or a plurality of young cucumbers grow out under the armpits of each leaf, wherein the most obvious characteristic is that a large number of piled flower clusters with alternate male and female flowers are formed at the growing point, and the bunch presents a capping performance, so the bunch is called flower topping or melon topping.
The existing technology for solving the problem of melon topping is mainly solved by nitrogen fertilizer or hormone products except for temperature and humidity control, but because the topping phenomenon of cucumbers is almost in the low-temperature period in winter, the common nitrogen fertilizer mainly comprises urea and nitrate nitrogen products, and the products need to absorb heat after being dissolved, negative effects are brought to the low temperature which is low originally, the root system growth is worse, and the melons are easily over-grown due to improper control; in addition, hormone products solve the problem that improper use often causes disorder of cucumber endogenous hormones and further causes phytotoxicity.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a cucumber topping prevention method, and aims to solve the problems of no cucumber growing vigorously caused by fertilization and ground temperature reduction and phytotoxicity caused by hormone control topping in the prior art.
In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:
a cucumber topping prevention method comprises the following steps:
(1) before the low-temperature stage, the cucumber field planting stage, by using a trace element liquid fertilizer: zn and B are more than or equal to 100g/L, the rooting and seedling revival of cucumber seedlings are promoted, and the absorption of medium and trace elements by the seedlings is ensured;
(2) before the low-temperature period comes, in a fruiting period after planting, by using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and the content Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, the continuous growth of root systems is promoted, the growth vigor of plants on the upper part of the ground is improved, and the resistance of the cucumbers in a low-temperature period is improved;
(3) after the low temperature period, by using a trace element liquid fertilizer: the content of Zn and B is more than or equal to 100g/L, and macroelement water-soluble fertilizers are used in combination: the content of N is more than 2 percent and K is more than 3 percent, and the combination of the N and the K improves the low-temperature resistance of the cucumber and keeps the root system to grow continuously;
(4) during the sustained low temperature period, by using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content of N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the macro-element water-soluble fertilizer is used in combination: the content of N is more than or equal to 30 percent, P is more than or equal to 10 percent, and K is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the composition promotes the growth vigor of the root system of the cucumber and the plant on the upper part of the ground, promotes the growth vigor of the cucumber, and balances the vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
Preferably, when the microelement liquid fertilizer with Zn + B more than or equal to 100g/L in the step (1) is used, water is added to dilute the fertilizer by 500 times.
Preferably, the dosage of the secondary element liquid fertilizer in the step (2) is 3-4 kg/mu.
Preferably, the two fertilizers described in step (3) are mixed according to a ratio of 2: 1 is used in combination, and the dosage is 3-4 kg/mu.
Preferably, the two fertilizers in step (4) are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1, the dosage is 3-4 kg/mu.
Further, the preparation components of the liquid fertilizer containing trace elements Zn and B of more than or equal to 100g/L are zinc sulfate heptahydrate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
Furthermore, the water-soluble fertilizer containing macroelements of N more than 2% and K more than 3% is prepared from urea, ammonium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate.
Further, the preparation components of the liquid fertilizer containing medium elements of N more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg more than or equal to 100g/L are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, quicklime and magnesium sulfate.
Further, the preparation components of the water-soluble fertilizer containing macroelements of N more than or equal to 30%, P more than or equal to 10% and K more than or equal to 10% are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
because the zinc element influences the synthesis of tryptophan required by the auxin synthetic pathway in the synthesis process of the auxin in plants. Thus, zinc is a catalyst for auxin synthesis; the boron element is a composition component of each part of a plant body, influences the formation of cell membranes, participates in the cell revolution process of meristems, promotes the transformation and the operation of carbohydrates, accelerates the growth and the development of the plant, promotes the precocity, plays an important role in the formation and the development of reproductive organs of the plant, promotes the pollen germination, stimulates the pollen tube to extend, has a special influence on the fertilization of the plant, is beneficial to the formation of seeds, reduces the effects of flower and fruit dropping and the like. Therefore, in the field planting period of the cucumber before the low-temperature period, the cucumber seedlings are fertilized with liquid fertilizer rich in zinc and boron elements, the rooting and seedling-recovering of the cucumber seedlings can be promoted, the absorption of the medium and trace elements by the seedlings is ensured, and in the fruiting period, the fertilizer containing nitrogen element, calcium element and magnesium element is applied, wherein the nitrogen element can meet the normal growth of the cucumber and promote the cell growth of the cucumber, the plant senescence is closely related to the generation of ethylene in the fruit maturation process, the calcium can relieve the biosynthesis of the ethylene through the regulation effect on the cell membrane permeability, so that the senescence is delayed, the magnesium is a component of phytoalexin and phytoalexin, and the magnesium plays an important role in photosynthesis. Magnesium ions are activators of various enzymes, promote conversion and metabolism of saccharides in crops, and promote synthesis of fat and protein. Thereby promoting the continuous growth of the root system and promoting the growth of the plants on the upper part of the ground so as to improve the resistance of the cucumbers in the low-temperature period. Therefore, before the fixed temperature period comes, through reasonable fertilization, the root system of the cucumber is developed, the plant nutrition is enhanced, the situation that the nutrient substances are biased to female flowers due to insufficient nutrient substances and cucumber flower topping is caused is reduced, fertilizers containing zinc, boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements are continuously added when the low temperature period comes and in the process, the resistance of the cucumber to low temperature is improved, the continuous growth of the root system is kept, the growth vigor of the plants on the upper portion of the ground is improved, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are balanced, the cucumber is kept in good nutritional state in the low temperature period, the change of the concentration of endogenous hormones (ethylene and gibberellin) is avoided, the conveying direction of the nutrient substances is changed, the cucumber topping is caused, and the cucumber topping phenomenon is fundamentally prevented.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented in accordance with the content of the description so as to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, and the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cucumber topping prevention method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before and after 10 months, in the cucumber planting period, a trace element liquid fertilizer is used: zn and B are more than or equal to 100g/L, are diluted by 500 times, are matched with medicaments such as metalaxyl-M and fludioxonil to dip roots, and are dripped with Zn and B more than or equal to 100g/L and 200 ml/mu after seedling revival, so that the growth of root systems of cucumber seedlings is promoted, and the absorption of the medium and trace elements by the seedlings is ensured; before the low-temperature period comes, namely before 10 months in the north, the cucumber is planted in a greenhouse basically, the low temperature and short sunshine are the main reasons for topping the cucumber, and before the low-temperature period comes, in the field planting period of the cucumber, by drip irrigation of a liquid fertilizer containing a zinc element and a boron element, the zinc element can influence the synthesis of tryptophan required in the auxin synthesis path in the plant endogenous auxin synthesis process. Thus, zinc is a catalyst for auxin synthesis; the boron element is a composition component of each part of a plant body, influences the formation of cell membranes, participates in the cell revolution process of meristems, promotes the transformation and the operation of carbohydrates, accelerates the growth and the development of the plant, promotes the precocity, plays an important role in the formation and the development of reproductive organs of the plant, promotes the pollen germination, stimulates the pollen tube to extend, has a special influence on the fertilization of the plant, is beneficial to the formation of seeds, reduces the effects of flower and fruit dropping and the like. Therefore, before the low-temperature stage, in the field planting stage of the cucumber, the liquid fertilizer rich in zinc and boron is used for the cucumber seedlings, so that the rooting and seedling revival of the cucumber seedlings can be promoted, the absorption of the medium and trace elements by the seedlings is ensured, the root system development of the cucumber is improved, and a nutritional basis is laid for the growth of plants in the low-temperature stage.
(2) And (3) in a fruiting period after planting, by using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and the Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, the consumption is 4 kg/mu for flushing or drip irrigation, the use is carried out twice, the interval is about 12 days, the continuous growth of root systems is promoted, the growth vigor of plants on the upper part of the ground is improved, and the resistance of the cucumbers in a low-temperature period is improved; because nitrogen can meet the normal growth of cucumber and promote the cell growth of cucumber, calcium is closely related to the generation of ethylene in the fruit ripening process of plants, calcium can reduce the biosynthesis of ethylene by regulating the permeability of cell membranes, thereby delaying senescence, magnesium is a component of phytoalexin and phytohormone, and magnesium plays an important role in photosynthesis. Magnesium ions are activators of various enzymes, promote conversion and metabolism of saccharides in crops, and promote synthesis of fat and protein. Thereby promoting the continuous growth of the root system and promoting the growth of the plants on the upper part of the ground so as to improve the resistance of the cucumbers in the low-temperature period. Therefore, before the fixed temperature period comes, the fertilizer containing nitrogen element, calcium element and magnesium element is reasonably sprayed, the root system of the cucumber is developed, the plant nutrition is enhanced, and the phenomenon that the nutrient substances are biased to female flowers due to insufficient nutrient substances, so that the cucumber flowers are topped is reduced.
(3) Entering the young fruit stage of 11 months, and using a trace element liquid fertilizer: the content of Zn and B is more than or equal to 100g/L, and macroelement water-soluble fertilizers are used in combination: the contents of N and K are respectively more than 2% and 3%, and the contents of the two fertilizers are as follows: 1, the cucumber is matched for use, the using amount is 300-; after the cucumber seedling enters 11 months, namely a low-temperature period, at the moment, the cucumber transaction has a topping phenomenon due to low temperature and short sunshine, at the moment, liquid fertilizer containing zinc element and boron element is continuously applied in a flushing mode, the root system growth of the cucumber can be continuously improved, meanwhile, the fertilizer containing nitrogen element and potassium element is applied in an auxiliary flushing mode, the nitrogen element is a main element formed by protein, the protein is a basic substance formed by cytoprotoplasm, the nitrogen fertilizer application can promote the formation of the protein and chlorophyll, the leaf color is dark green, the leaf area is increased, the carbon assimilation is promoted, and the yield is increased. The nutrition effect of the potassium element can improve the intensity of photosynthesis, promote the formation of starch and sugar in crops, enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops and improve the absorption of nitrogen by the crops.
(4) Entering 12 months, in the result period, using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content of N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, and macroelement water-soluble fertilizers are used in combination: the content of N is more than or equal to 30 percent, P is more than or equal to 10 percent, and K is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the two fertilizers are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1, the cucumber seed is matched for use, the using amount is 3-4 kg/mu for flushing or drip irrigation, and the cucumber seed is used as a combination for promoting the growth vigor of cucumber roots and plants on the upper part of the ground, promoting the growth vigor of the cucumbers and balancing the vegetative growth and reproductive growth. In the fruiting period of the cucumber, fertilizers containing nitrogen, calcium and magnesium are reasonably applied to develop the root system of the cucumber and enhance the nutrition of plants, and the three original fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added to promote the formation of protein and chlorophyll, accelerate cell division, accelerate the growth of the root system and the overground part, make the cucumber mature in advance and improve the fruit quality.
In the embodiment, the preparation components of the liquid fertilizer containing trace elements Zn + B which are more than or equal to 100g/L are zinc sulfate heptahydrate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
The water-soluble fertilizer containing macroelements of N more than 2% and K more than 3% is prepared from urea, ammonium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate.
The preparation components of the liquid fertilizer containing medium elements of N more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg more than or equal to 100g/L are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, quicklime and magnesium sulfate.
The preparation components of the water-soluble fertilizer containing macroelements of N more than or equal to 30%, P more than or equal to 10% and K more than or equal to 10% are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate.
The effect of this example on cucumber topping prevention is illustrated by designing the following experimental examples and comparative examples;
experimental examples;
(1) in 10 months and cucumber planting period, the fertilizer is prepared by using trace element liquid fertilizer: zn and B are more than or equal to 100g/L, diluted by 500 times, matched with medicaments such as metalaxyl-M and fludioxonil to dip roots, and drip-irrigated with Zn and B more than or equal to 100g/L and 200 ml/mu after seedling recovery;
(2) and (3) in a fruiting period after planting, by using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and the Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, the using amount is 4L/mu for flushing or drip irrigation, the use is carried out twice, and the interval is about 12 days;
(3) in the young fruit stage of 11 months, using a trace element liquid fertilizer: the content of Zn and B is more than or equal to 100g/L, and macroelement water-soluble fertilizers are used in combination: the contents of N and K are more than 2% and more than 3%, and the contents of the two fertilizers are as follows: 1, the water-soluble fertilizer is matched for use, and the using amount is 300-;
(4) entering 12 months, in the fruiting period, using a trace element liquid fertilizer: the content of N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the macro-element water-soluble fertilizer is used in combination: the content of N is more than or equal to 30 percent, P is more than or equal to 10 percent, and K is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the two fertilizers are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1, the fertilizer is used in a matching way, and the using amount is 3-4 kg/mu for irrigation or drip irrigation.
Comparative example:
1) dipping roots with medicaments such as metalaxyl-M and fludioxonil and transplanting in 10 months and cucumber planting period, wherein the amount of the medicaments is 200 ml/mu;
(2) and in the fruiting period after planting, by using a trace element liquid fertilizer: beginning to use macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, carrying out flushing application on N more than or equal to 15%, P more than or equal to 10% and K more than or equal to 30% according to 4 kg/mu, and carrying out flushing application once every 12 days;
(3) in the young fruit stage of 11 months, two fertilizers of plant regulators such as monopotassium phosphate and natural brassin are sprayed according to the proportion of 2: 1, the fertilizer is matched for use, and the using amount is 3-4 kg/mu for flushing or drip irrigation;
(4) in 12 months, in the fruit color turning period, using a trace element liquid fertilizer: n is more than or equal to 30 percent, P is more than or equal to 10 percent, K is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the using amount is 3-4 kg/mu for carrying out flushing application or drip irrigation.
The cucumbers planted in the experimental examples and the comparative examples are planted in a greenhouse, the experimental acres are 1 mu, the experimental points are in the northeast region, the temperature is-10 ℃ to-20 ℃ in the daytime and-15 ℃ to 25 ℃ at night, the soil type is sand ginger black soil, and the texture is midsoil. The soil fertility is higher and the irrigation and drainage conditions are good. Before test, 17.6(g/kg) of nutrient organic matters of the plough layer soil, 123(mg/kg) of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 41.5(mg/kg) of available phosphorus, 177(mg/kg) of quick-acting potassium and 6.8 of pH.
In 12 months, when cucumbers enter a fruiting period, the cucumbers planted in the experimental example and the comparative example are picked, the per mu yield of the cucumbers picked in the experimental example is 6000kg, and the per mu yield of the cucumbers picked in the comparative example is 4000 kg.
Meanwhile, in the young fruit stage of 11 months, photos are collected for the cucumber topping phenomenon, as shown in attached figures 1 and 2:
as can be seen from the experimental examples and the attached figures 1-2, the trace element liquid fertilizer and the water-soluble fertilizer related to the invention are not used for cucumber fertilization management, the cucumber topping phenomenon is obvious, and the topping incidence rate is increased by 60%. And the yield of the cucumber after topping is also obviously reduced, and the yield of the comparative example is reduced by 33 percent compared with the cucumber of the experimental example.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (1)
1. A cucumber topping prevention method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) before the low-temperature stage, in the cucumber planting stage, by using a trace element liquid fertilizer: zn and B are more than or equal to 100g/L, the rooting and seedling revival of cucumber seedlings are promoted, and the absorption of medium and trace elements by the seedlings is ensured;
wherein, when the microelement liquid fertilizer with the Zn and B content of more than or equal to 100g/L in the step (1) is used, water is added for diluting by 500 times;
(2) before the low-temperature period comes, in the fruiting period after the planting, by using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and the content Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, the continuous growth of root systems is promoted, the growth vigor of plants on the upper part of the ground is improved, and the resistance of the cucumbers in a low-temperature period is improved;
wherein the dosage of the secondary element liquid fertilizer in the step (2) is 3-4 kg/mu;
(3) after the low temperature period, by using a trace element liquid fertilizer: the content of Zn and B is more than or equal to 100g/L, and macroelement water-soluble fertilizers are used in combination: the content of N is more than 2 percent and K is more than 3 percent, and the combination of the N and the K improves the low-temperature resistance of the cucumber and keeps the root system to grow continuously;
wherein the two fertilizers in the step (3) are mixed according to the ratio of 2: 1, the dosage is 3-4 kg/mu;
the preparation components of the liquid fertilizer containing trace elements Zn and B of more than or equal to 100g/L are zinc sulfate heptahydrate and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate;
the preparation components of the water-soluble fertilizer containing macroelements of N more than 2% and K more than 3% are urea, ammonium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate;
(4) during the sustained low temperature period, by using a medium element liquid fertilizer: the content of N is more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L, and macroelement water-soluble fertilizers are used in combination: the content of N is more than or equal to 30 percent, P is more than or equal to 10 percent, and K is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the composition promotes the growth vigor of cucumber root systems and plants on the upper part of the ground, promotes the growth vigor of the cucumber, and balances the vegetative growth and reproductive growth;
wherein the two fertilizers in the step (4) are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1, the dosage is 3-4 kg/mu;
the preparation components of the liquid fertilizer containing N more than or equal to 110g/L, Ca and Mg more than or equal to 100g/L are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, quicklime and magnesium sulfate;
the preparation components of the water-soluble fertilizer containing macroelements of N more than or equal to 30%, P more than or equal to 10% and K more than or equal to 10% are urea, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate.
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