CN113979805A - Soilless culture nutrient solution for wax gourds, preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents

Soilless culture nutrient solution for wax gourds, preparation method and application method thereof Download PDF

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CN113979805A
CN113979805A CN202111387467.2A CN202111387467A CN113979805A CN 113979805 A CN113979805 A CN 113979805A CN 202111387467 A CN202111387467 A CN 202111387467A CN 113979805 A CN113979805 A CN 113979805A
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nutrient solution
period
fruit
flowering
water
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CN113979805B (en
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廖道龙
刘子凡
刘芳
黄项心兰
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INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLE HAINAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Hainan University
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Hainan University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution, a preparation method and an application method thereof, wherein the wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution consists of a common vine stem period nutrient solution, a flowering and pollination period nutrient solution, a fruit expansion early-stage nutrient solution and a fruit expansion middle-and-later-stage nutrient solution; the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period and the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion period all use water as solvents, and macroelements and microelements are dissolved in the nutrient solutions. Aiming at the difference of the concentration and the total absorption amount of each nutrient substance required by different growth stages in the whole growth period of the large-scale black-peel wax gourd, different nutrient solution formulas and application amounts thereof are provided for the stretching period, the flowering and pollination period, the early fruit expansion period and the middle and later fruit expansion period of the large-scale black-peel wax gourd in a targeted manner, so that the wax gourd can utilize various chemical ions in the nutrient solution to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the accumulation of unnecessary ions in a culture medium is reduced, the utilization efficiency of nutrient ions in the nutrient solution is improved, and the high yield and the high quality of the wax gourd are promoted.

Description

Soilless culture nutrient solution for wax gourds, preparation method and application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture of crops, in particular to a soilless culture nutrient solution for wax gourds, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The existing large-scale black-peel wax gourd belongs to one-time harvested crops, the growth period (transplanting-harvesting) of a field is about 100-120 days, the yield per mu is up to 8000-9000 kg, and the average single-plant yield is about 15 kg, so that the nutrient and biomass accumulation rate is obviously higher than that of other melon crops (melons, watermelons, cucumbers and bitter gourds). And most of the black-peel wax gourd belong to high-potassium demand crops, and the potassium in the whole growth period is as follows: the nitrogen demand ratio is as high as 3: 1 or so; the proportion is obviously higher than that of other melon vegetable varieties (melons, watermelons, cucumbers and bitter gourds), and no special soilless culture nutrient formula for the white gourds exists at present.
At present, various fruit and vegetable soilless culture nutrient solution formulas exist. Wherein SHAKAIKAIJIA (1978) cucumber formula (macroelement: N (NH)4-N 1.0mol·L-1、NO3-N 13.0mol·L-1)、P1.0 mol·L-1、K 6.0mol·L-1、Ca 3.5mol·L-1、Mg 1.96mol·L-1、S 1.96mol·L-1) Belongs to a high-nitrogen high-potassium formula. Generally speaking, the nitrogen content is high, the potassium content is low, the nitrogen utilization efficiency is low, and the potassium supply is insufficient, so that the requirements of wax gourd on growth and development are difficult to meet. The fruit and vegetable broad-spectrum formula published by southern China agricultural university (1990) comprises the following components: n (NH)4-N: none; NO3-N 8.0mmol·L-1)、P0.74 mmol·L-1、K 4.74mmol·L-1、Ca 2.0mmol·L-1、Mg 1.0mmol·L-1、S 1.0mmol·L-1The total salt concentration of the formula is low, the requirement of the wax gourd for quick growth nutrients is difficult to meet, and the two nutrient solution formulas are applied to the whole growth period and do not provide trace elements, so that the formula does not containThe method meets the nutrient demand rule of nutrient differential supply in different growth periods.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide the white gourd soilless culture nutrient solution which has the advantages of high pertinence and capability of effectively promoting the growth of the white gourd.
A soilless culture nutrient solution for wax gourd comprises a nutrient solution at a vine growing stage, a nutrient solution at a flowering and pollination stage, a nutrient solution at an early fruit expansion stage and a nutrient solution at a middle and later fruit expansion stage; wherein the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period and the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion period all use water as solvents, and macroelements and microelements are dissolved in the nutrient solutions, wherein:
the types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution in the vine extending period are as follows: n4.74 mmol. L-1、P0.67 mmol·L-1、K 5.04mmol·L-1、Ca 2.37mmol·L-1、Mg 0.69mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 2.37. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 23.10μmol·L-1、Cu 0.41μmol·L-1、Zn 2.77μmol·L-1、Mo 0.10μmol·L-1、B 20.00μmol·L-1；
The types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period are as follows: n8.20 mmol. L-1、P1.53 mmol·L-1、K 8.69mmol·L-1、Ca 4.78mmol·L-1、Mg 1.37mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 9.53. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 142.28μmol·L-1、Cu 0.95μmol·L-1、Zn 3.73μmol·L-1、Mo 0.11μmol·L-1、B 35.20μmol·L-1；
The types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement are as follows: n8.28 mmol. L-1、P1.91 mmol·L-1、K 10.87mmol·L-1、Ca 2.62mmol·L-1、Mg 0.90mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 1.98. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 32.95μmol·L-1、Cu 0.44μmol·L-1、Zn 1.82μmol·L-1、Mo 0.24μmol·L-1；B 30.00μmol·L-1；
The types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement are as follows: n9.41 mmol. L-1、P1.52mmol·L-1、K 9.85mmol·L-1、Ca 0.65mmol·L-1、Mg 1.30mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 4.33. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 18.53μmol·L-1、Cu 1.23μmol·L-1、Zn 4.02μmol·L-1、Mo 0.18μmol·L-1、B 13.50μmol·L-1。
The nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the white gourd provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for pertinently providing different nutrient solutions for different growth stages in the whole growth period of the large-scale black-skinned white gourd, aiming at different concentrations of nutrient substances required by the large-scale black-skinned white gourd, in the vine growing period, the flowering and pollination period, the early fruit expansion period and the middle and later fruit expansion period, so that various chemical ions in the nutrient solution can be utilized to the maximum extent, the accumulation of unnecessary ions in a culture medium is reduced, the utilization efficiency of nutrient ions in the nutrient solution is improved, meanwhile, required nutrients can be accurately provided according to the growth and development rules of the white gourd, and the high yield and high quality of the white gourd are promoted.
Further, the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period and the nutrient solution in the middle and late fruit expansion period all comprise macroelements and microelements, wherein,
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the extended season take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000021
the microelements of the nutrient solution in the extended season take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000022
Figure BDA0003367528990000031
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000032
the microelements of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000033
the macroelements of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000034
the trace elements of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000035
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000041
the trace elements of the nutrient solution for the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000042
in addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the white gourd soilless culture nutrient solution, which comprises the following operation steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the formula;
s2, preparing macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the sprawl stage by using water according to 400 times of the dosage of the macroelement component contained in the formula; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by using 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution in the protracted period; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the ratio of the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor for preparing the nutrient solution in the stem growing stage is 2.5:1, respectively storing for later use;
s3, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times that of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period; preparing the microelement components contained in the formula by using water according to 1000 times of the formula amount to obtain microelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor for preparing the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period are adjusted to be in a proportion of 2.5:1, respectively storing for later use;
s4, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times that of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor for preparing the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period are adjusted to be in a proportion of 2.5:1, respectively storing for later use;
s5, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times of the dosage of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the ratio of the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution for the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement is 2.5: the volume ratio of 1 is stored separately for later use.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an application method of the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the white gourd, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution for the vine growing period, the nutrient solution for the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution for the early fruit expansion period or the nutrient solution for the middle and later fruit expansion period is applied to the corresponding growth period of the white gourd;
when the nutrient solution is applied, the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period or the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion period are mixed according to the ratio of 2.5:1, and mixing the mother liquor of macroelements and microelements with clear water according to the volume ratio of 2.5: 1: 996.5 and mixing and diluting into required nutrient solution, and delivering into white gourd culture medium several times.
Further, the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) the white gourd in the vine stage:
in the period from the day of transplanting the white gourd to 25-30 days after transplanting, 1000-2000 mL of water is used for each white gourd plant every day, 400-800 mL of the nutrient solution in the vine stage is correspondingly applied to each white gourd plant every day, and the nutrient solution in the vine stage and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application;
2) and (3) flowering and pollination period of the white gourd:
after the white gourd is transplanted and pollinated for 25-30 days, until the fruit setting period, the water consumption of each white gourd plant is 2500-4000 mL every day, 800-1200 mL of the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution is correspondingly applied to each plant every day, and the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution and clean water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for several times during application;
3) the fruit of the white gourd is expanded in the early stage:
during application, the nutrient solution and clear water in the early fruit expansion stage are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times;
4) the expansion of the fruits of the white gourds in the middle and later periods:
and (2) from 20 days to the mature period of the fruits after pollination and fruit setting of the white gourd, using about 4000-6000 mL of water for each plant of the white gourd every day, correspondingly applying 1000-1500 mL of the nutrient solution for each plant every day in the middle and later fruit expansion period, and alternately conveying the nutrient solution and clear water for the middle and later fruit expansion period into the culture medium for a plurality of times during application.
According to the application method of the wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, by optimizing the formula of the soilless culture nutrient solution and preferably limiting the supply mode of the soilless culture nutrient solution, the accurate supply of nutrient elements of the wax gourd in the whole growth period is effectively guaranteed, and the problems of slow growth or low fruit setting rate and the like caused by insufficient supply of potassium, iron and calcium in the flowering period of the wax gourd in the common nutrient solution are particularly avoided. Meanwhile, the utilization efficiency of all nutrient elements is greatly improved, the growth and development of the wax gourd and the quality improvement are promoted, the production cost is reduced, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by residual nutrient elements is solved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited by the examples disclosed below.
Example 1
The large-scale black-peel wax gourd belongs to one-time harvested crops, the growth period (transplanting-harvesting) of a field is about 100-120 days, the field is divided into a vine growing period, a flowering and pollination period, a fruit expansion early stage, a fruit expansion middle and late stage and other periods according to the characteristics of growth and development of the large-scale black-peel wax gourd, the large-scale black-peel wax gourd has different requirements on various nutrient elements in different growth and development periods, and the iron requirement of the wax gourd is far greater than that of other melon vegetable varieties, particularly the flowering period.
In view of the above, embodiment 1 of the invention provides a wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution, which consists of a nutrient solution in a vine growing period, a nutrient solution in a flowering and pollination period, a nutrient solution in a fruit expansion early stage and a nutrient solution in a fruit expansion middle and late stage; the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period and the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion period all use water as solvents, and are dissolved with major elements and trace elements, wherein the major elements comprise N, P, K, Ca and Mg, and the trace elements comprise Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo and B.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the nutrient solution in the vine stage, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination stage, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion stage, and the nutrient solution in the middle and late fruit expansion stage all include macroelements and microelements, wherein,
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the extended season take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000061
the microelements of the nutrient solution in the extended season take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000062
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000071
the microelements of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000072
the macroelements of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000073
the trace elements of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000074
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000075
Figure BDA0003367528990000081
the trace elements of the nutrient solution for the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure BDA0003367528990000082
the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the white gourd in the embodiment 1 of the invention provides different nutrient solutions for the white gourd in the vine growing period, the flowering and pollination period, the early fruit expansion period and the middle and late fruit expansion period aiming at different nutrient substance concentrations required by different growth stages in the whole growth period of the white gourd, so that the white gourd can utilize various chemical ions in the nutrient solution to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the accumulation of unnecessary ions in a culture medium is reduced, the utilization efficiency of nutrient ions in the nutrient solution is improved, meanwhile, the required nutrients can be accurately provided according to the growth and development rules of the white gourd, and the high yield and the high quality of the white gourd are promoted.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides a preparation method of a wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution, which comprises the following operation steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the formula;
s2, preparing macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the sprawl stage by using water according to 400 times of the dosage of the macroelement component contained in the formula; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by using 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution in the protracted period; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the ratio of the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor for preparing the nutrient solution in the stem growing stage is 2.5:1, respectively storing the mother liquor of the macroelements and the mother liquor of the microelements and clear water according to the volume ratio of 2.5: 1: 996.5 and mixing to obtain the required nutrient solution.
S3, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times that of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period; preparing the microelement components contained in the formula by using water according to 1000 times of the formula amount to obtain microelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor for preparing the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period are adjusted to be in a proportion of 2.5:1, respectively storing the mother liquor of the macroelements and the mother liquor of the microelements and clear water according to the volume ratio of 2.5: 1: 996.5 and mixing to obtain the required nutrient solution.
S4, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times that of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor for preparing the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period are adjusted to be in a proportion of 2.5:1, respectively storing for later use; when in use, the macroelement mother liquor, the microelement mother liquor and clear water are mixed according to the ratio of 2.5: 1: 996.5 and mixing to obtain the required nutrient solution.
S5, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times of the dosage of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, the ratio of the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution for the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement is 2.5: the volume ratio of 1 is stored separately for later use. When in use, the macroelement mother liquor, the microelement mother liquor and clear water are mixed according to the ratio of 2.5: 1: 996.5 and mixing to obtain the required nutrient solution.
Example 3
In the soilless culture process of the wax gourds, the soilless culture nutrient solution is mixed with clear water and then is conveyed into a wax gourds culture medium, and based on the characteristics of the absorption capacity of the wax gourds root system, the transpiration effect and the variation of the demand of plant nutrients in different growth and development periods, the embodiment 3 of the invention provides an application method of the wax gourds soilless culture nutrient solution, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit enlargement period and the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit enlargement period prepared in the embodiment 2 are conveyed into the wax gourds culture medium for a plurality of times in the corresponding period of the wax gourds.
Further, the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) the white gourd in the vine stage:
in the period from the day of transplanting the white gourds to 28 days after transplanting, the water consumption of each white gourds per plant is about 1500mL, each plant is correspondingly applied with 400mL of the nutrient solution in the stretching period every day, and the nutrient solution in the stretching period and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application;
2) and (3) flowering and pollination period of the white gourd:
after 28 days of pollination to the fruit setting period after the wax gourd is transplanted, the water consumption of each wax gourd plant is 3500mL every day, 800mL of the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution is correspondingly applied to each wax gourd plant every day, and the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for several times during application;
3) the fruit of the white gourd is expanded in the early stage:
during application, the nutrient solution and clear water in the early fruit expansion period are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times;
4) the expansion of the fruits of the white gourds in the middle and later periods:
and (2) from 20d to the mature period of the fruits after pollination and fruit setting of the white gourd, the water consumption of each white gourd plant is about 4000mL, 1000mL of the nutrient solution for the middle and later expanding period of the fruits is correspondingly applied to each plant every day, and the nutrient solution for the middle and later expanding period of the fruits and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application.
Example 4
The embodiment 4 of the invention provides an application method of a white gourd soilless culture nutrient solution, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution in the vine stage, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination stage, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion stage and the nutrient solution in the middle and late fruit expansion stage which are described in the embodiment 1 are alternately conveyed into a white gourd culture medium for a plurality of times according to the nutrient solution and clear water in the corresponding growth period of the white gourd.
Further, the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) the white gourd in the vine stage:
in the period from the day of transplanting the white gourds to 25 days after transplanting, the water consumption of each white gourds per plant is about 1500mL, each plant is correspondingly applied with 400mL of the nutrient solution in the stretching period every day, and the nutrient solution in the stretching period and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application;
2) and (3) flowering and pollination period of the white gourd:
after pollination is carried out for 25 days after the wax gourd is transplanted, until the fruit setting period, the water consumption of each wax gourd plant is 3200mL every day, 800mL of the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution is correspondingly applied to each wax gourd plant every day, and the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution and clean water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for several times during application;
3) the fruit of the white gourd is expanded in the early stage:
during the period from the day of pollination and fruit setting of the wax gourd to 20 days after fruit setting, the water consumption of each plant of the wax gourd is about 5000mL, 1200mL of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit expansion is correspondingly applied to each plant every day, and the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit expansion and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application;
4) the expansion of the fruits of the white gourds in the middle and later periods:
from 20 days after pollination and fruit setting of the white gourd to the mature period of the fruit, the water consumption of each white gourd plant is about 6000mL, 1500mL of the nutrient solution for the middle and later fruit expansion period is correspondingly applied to each white gourd plant every day, and the nutrient solution for the middle and later fruit expansion period and clean water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application.
Example 5
The embodiment 5 of the invention provides an application method of a white gourd soilless culture nutrient solution, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution in the vine stage, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination stage, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion stage, the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion stage and clear water prepared in the embodiment 2 are alternately conveyed into a white gourd culture medium for a plurality of times in the corresponding growth period of the white gourd.
Further, the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) the white gourd in the vine stage:
in the period from the day of transplanting the white gourd to 30 days after transplanting, the water consumption of each white gourd plant is about 2000mL, 500mL of the nutrient solution in the stretching period is correspondingly applied to each white gourd plant every day, and the nutrient solution in the stretching period and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application;
2) and (3) flowering and pollination period of the white gourd:
after 30 days of pollination to the fruit setting period after the white gourd is transplanted, the water consumption of each white gourd plant is about 4000mL, 800mL of the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution is correspondingly applied to each white gourd plant every day, and the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution and clear water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for several times during application;
3) the fruit of the white gourd is expanded in the early stage:
during application, the nutrient solution and clear water in the early fruit expansion period are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times;
4) the expansion of the fruits of the white gourds in the middle and later periods:
from 20 days after pollination and fruit setting of the white gourd to the mature period of the fruit, the water consumption of each white gourd plant is about 6000mL, 1500mL of the nutrient solution for the middle and later fruit expansion period is correspondingly applied to each white gourd plant every day, and the nutrient solution for the middle and later fruit expansion period and clean water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the soilless culture medium for wax gourds and the application method thereof in the wax gourds growth process of the embodiment of the invention on the quality and yield of the wax gourds, the soilless culture medium for wax gourds and the commercially available or existing related nutrient solution formulas of the wax gourds in the embodiment 1 of the invention are applied to the same kind of wax gourds, for example, the formulas comprise a shankazai cucumber formula, a south China agricultural large fruit vegetable formula and a plum shikaki cucumber nutrient solution formula, wherein the shankazai cucumber formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003367528990000111
the formula of the south China agricultural big fruit and vegetable is as follows:
Figure BDA0003367528990000112
Figure BDA0003367528990000121
the plum-aspiration cucumber formula is described in the invention publication CN 107548983A;
by using the application method of the soilless culture medium for wax gourds, which is disclosed by the embodiment 4 of the invention, the quality and the yield of the wax gourds obtained by cultivation are detected, and the measured data are shown in the following table:
scheme(s) Fruit length (cm) Diameter of fruit cross section (cm) Weight of single fruit (kg) Mu yield (kg)
The nutrient solution formula of the invention 78.5 22.0 15.5 8500
Formula of Mozaki formula cucumber 68.0 20.4 11.4 6400
South China agricultural big fruit and vegetable formula 62.3 18.4 10.5 5300
plum-Shifang cucumber nutrient solution formula 73.0 20.9 12.8 7200
As can be seen from the above table, the nutrient solution for soilless culture of white gourd and the application method thereof according to the embodiments of the present invention, compared with commercially available and existing nutrient solution formulas, by optimizing the formula of the nutrient solution for soilless culture and preferably limiting the supply manner thereof, and adopting a scientific formula of the nutrient solution and preferably limiting the application amount of the nutrient solution at different periods according to the characteristics of the white gourd at different growth and development periods, the precise supply of nutrient elements at the whole growth period of the white gourd is effectively ensured, particularly the problems of slow growth or low fruit setting rate of malnutrition caused by insufficient supply of potassium, iron and calcium of the common nutrient solution at the flowering period of the white gourd are avoided, and the problems of influence on the development of the growth period of the white gourd due to too small or too large application amount, or delay or advance of flowering and fruit setting, even reduction of yield are avoided, the growth and development of the white gourd are effectively promoted, and the related yields such as fruit length, fruit thickness and single fruit weight are increased, not only greatly improves the utilization efficiency of wax gourd products and total nutrient elements, can effectively reduce the production cost, but also can reduce the problem of environmental pollution caused by residual nutrient elements.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A nutrient solution for soilless culture of wax gourds is characterized in that: the nutrient solution consists of a nutrient solution at the time of the vine elongation stage, a nutrient solution at the time of flowering and pollination, a nutrient solution at the early fruit expansion stage and a nutrient solution at the middle and later fruit expansion stage; wherein the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period and the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion period all use water as solvents, and macroelements and microelements are dissolved in the nutrient solutions, wherein:
the types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution in the vine extending period are as follows: n4.74 mmol. L-1、P 0.67mmol·L-1、K 5.04mmol·L-1、Ca 2.37mmol·L-1、Mg 0.69mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 2.37. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 23.10μmol·L-1、Cu 0.41μmol·L-1、Zn 2.77μmol·L-1、Mo 0.10μmol·L-1、B 20.00μmol·L-1；
The types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period are as follows: n8.20 mmol. L-1、P1.53 mmol·L-1、K 8.69mmol·L-1、Ca 4.78mmol·L-1、Mg 1.37mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 9.53. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 142.28μmol·L-1、Cu 0.95μmol·L-1、Zn 3.73μmol·L-1、Mo 0.11μmol·L-1、B 35.20μmol·L-1；
The types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement are as follows: n8.28 mmol. L-1、P1.91 mmol·L-1、K 10.87mmol·L-1、Ca 2.62mmol·L-1、Mg 0.90mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 1.98. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 32.95μmol·L-1、Cu 0.44μmol·L-1、Zn 1.82μmol·L-1、Mo 0.24μmol·L-1；B 30.00μmol·L-1；
The types and the concentrations of major elements in the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement are as follows: n9.41 mmol. L-1、P1.52 mmol·L-1、K 9.85mmol·L-1、Ca 0.65mmol·L-1、Mg 1.30mmol·L-1(ii) a The types and concentrations of the trace elements are as follows: mn 4.33. mu. mol. L-1、Fe 18.53μmol·L-1、Cu 1.23μmol·L-1、Zn 4.02μmol·L-1、Mo 0.18μmol·L-1、B 13.50μmol·L-1。
2. The wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period and the nutrient solution in the middle and late fruit expansion period all comprise macroelements and microelement mother liquor, wherein,
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the extended season take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000011
the microelements of the nutrient solution in the extended season take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000012
Figure FDA0003367528980000021
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period take water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000022
the microelements of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000023
the macroelements of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000024
the trace elements of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000025
Figure FDA0003367528980000031
the macroelements of the nutrient solution in the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000032
the trace elements of the nutrient solution for the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement use water as a solvent, and each 1L of the nutrient solution contains the following components:
Figure FDA0003367528980000033
3. a preparation method of a wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the formula of claim 2;
s2, preparing macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the sprawl stage by using water according to 400 times of the dosage of the macroelement component contained in the formula; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by using 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution in the protracted period; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, respectively storing the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the prepared nutrient solution in the extended period according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1 for later use;
s3, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times that of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period; preparing the microelement components contained in the formula by using water according to 1000 times of the formula amount to obtain microelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, respectively storing the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the prepared nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1 for later use;
s4, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times that of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution at the early stage of fruit enlargement; after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, respectively storing the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the prepared nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1 for later use;
s5, preparing macroelement components contained in the formula by using water in an amount which is 400 times of the dosage of the formula to obtain macroelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement; preparing the trace element components contained in the formula by 1000 times of water according to the formula amount to obtain a trace element mother solution of the nutrient solution at the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement; and after the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.2, respectively storing the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the prepared nutrient solution for the middle and later periods of fruit enlargement according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1 for later use.
4. An application method of a wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
applying the nutrient solution in the vine stage, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination stage, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion stage or the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion stage of claim 2 to the white gourd at the corresponding growth stage;
when the nutrient solution is applied, the macroelement mother liquor and the microelement mother liquor of the nutrient solution in the vine extending period, the nutrient solution in the flowering and pollination period, the nutrient solution in the early fruit expansion period or the nutrient solution in the middle and later fruit expansion period are mixed according to the ratio of 2.5:1, and mixing the mother liquor of macroelements and microelements with clear water according to the volume ratio of 2.5: 1: 996.5 and delivering the mixture to the culture medium of wax gourd several times after diluting into required nutrient solution.
5. The application method of the wax gourd soilless culture nutrient solution as claimed in claim 4, characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
1) the white gourd in the vine stage:
in the period from the day of transplanting the white gourd to 25-30 days after transplanting, 1000-2000 mL of water is used for each white gourd plant every day, 400-800 mL of the nutrient solution in the stretching period is applied to each white gourd plant every day, and the nutrient solution in the stretching period and clean water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times during application;
2) and (3) flowering and pollination period of the white gourd:
after the white gourd is transplanted and pollinated for 25-30 days, until the fruit setting period, the water consumption of each white gourd plant is 2500-4000 mL every day, 800-1200 mL of the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution is correspondingly applied to each plant every day, and the flowering and pollination period nutrient solution and clean water are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for several times during application;
3) the fruit of the white gourd is expanded in the early stage:
during application, the nutrient solution and clear water in the early fruit expansion stage are alternately conveyed into a culture medium for a plurality of times;
4) the expansion of the fruits of the white gourds in the middle and later periods:
and (2) from 20 days to the mature period of the fruits after pollination and fruit setting of the white gourd, using about 4000-6000 mL of water for each plant of the white gourd every day, correspondingly applying 1000-1500 mL of the nutrient solution for each plant every day in the middle and later fruit expansion period, and alternately conveying the nutrient solution and clear water for the middle and later fruit expansion period into the culture medium for a plurality of times during application.
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