CN105764618A - 电池单元涂层 - Google Patents
电池单元涂层 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105764618A CN105764618A CN201480063711.1A CN201480063711A CN105764618A CN 105764618 A CN105764618 A CN 105764618A CN 201480063711 A CN201480063711 A CN 201480063711A CN 105764618 A CN105764618 A CN 105764618A
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- coating
- ceramic particle
- particle
- polyurea coating
- Prior art date
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及电池系统,其包含施加于电池单元的金属外壳上的聚脲涂层,其中所述聚脲涂层由以下组分的反应混合物形成:异氰酸酯组分和陶瓷颗粒;以及胺组分和陶瓷颗粒。所述陶瓷颗粒填充的聚脲涂层表现出合适的导热率和充分的电绝缘,合适的导热率在很大程度上减少由所述电池单元热转移和向所述电池单元热转移的热阻抗。
Description
发明领域
本发明一般地涉及涂料组合物,并且更具体地涉及具有导热涂层的电池系统。
发明背景
支持电池运行的产生电的反应一般是公知的电池种类,诸如铅-酸电池、锂离子电池、镍金属氢化物电池等。然而,根据应用,电池在大小上可极大地不同,从小于一克至数百千克。在单元中具有铝壳的锂离子电池是一类示例性电池,其通常用于每单位重量高电输出的应用,诸如航空器和电动车辆。考虑到这样的应用中通常需要的高总输出,可将数个电池单元以协同电池组的形式使用。为了确保电池组经时的一致和有效的功能,减少电池单元的腐蚀、磨损和震动以及电池单元表面上的水冷凝是重要的。提供电池单元的散热也是非常重要的,特别是在发电中产生大量热并且使用多个间隔紧密的电池单元的电池组中。因此,通常使用电池单元涂层以寻求抑制电池单元的腐蚀和磨损,并使电池组中各电池单元相互电绝缘。
电池单元的电绝缘通常通过用聚酰亚胺薄膜包裹各单元来实现。然后将聚丙烯薄膜置于聚酰亚胺薄膜外面,以在大夹紧力下保护电池单元。然而,这样的薄膜表现出低导热率,并且需要大量处理时间和消耗以完成包裹操作。已尝试将粉末涂层用于电池单元保护,但是通常需要大量热以固化,其中升高的温度对于装载电解质的电池单元是不可接受的。此外,用粉末涂层难以实现电池单元的完全边缘覆盖,并由此导致差的总体电绝缘性质。对于电池单元绝缘应用,浸涂也是受限的,因为它们通常需要延长的时间用于干燥和固化。
因此,本发明的目的是提供电池系统,其中电池单元涂层提供导热率、电绝缘以及耐磨损性和耐蚀性,其中不需要升高温度,就可快速形成涂层。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,本发明的电池系统包含具有金属外壳(casing)和金属外壳上的聚脲涂层的电池单元。所述聚脲涂层可由以下反应混合物形成:所述反应混合物含有第一组分,第一组分的粘度为100-2000cP,并且包含异氰酸酯和陶瓷颗粒,其中所述异氰酸酯包括异氰酸酯官能的预聚物。所述反应混合物还包含第二组分,第二组分的粘度为100-2000cP,并且包含胺和陶瓷颗粒。所述反应混合物中的第一组分和第二组分在压力下可喷涂,并且第一组分与第二组分相互反应,从而形成聚脲涂层,所述聚脲涂层具有一定厚度,所述聚脲涂层的导热率为至少0.40W/m*K,并且所述聚脲涂层的介电强度为至少0.8kV/mil涂层厚度。
在另一实施方案中,用于向电池单元外壳施加导热的介电聚脲涂层的方法包括制备含有第一组分和第二组分的反应混合物,第一组分和第二组分各自的粘度为100-2000cP。所述第一组分包含异氰酸酯和陶瓷颗粒,其中所述异氰酸酯包括异氰酸酯官能的预聚物。所述第二组分包含胺和陶瓷颗粒。通过第一喷嘴(orifice)将所述第一组分喷涂至电池单元外壳上,基本上与之同时,通过第二喷嘴将所述第二组分喷涂至电池单元外壳上,使得所述第一组分与第二组分相互反应,从而形成聚脲涂层。所述涂层表现出一定的厚度,至少0.40W/m*K的导热率,以及至少0.8kV/mil涂层厚度的介电强度。
本发明的另一涂料组合物包含由第一组分和第二组分的反应混合物形成的聚脲,其中所述第一组分包含异氰酸酯和陶瓷颗粒。所述异氰酸酯可包括异氰酸酯官能的预聚物,并且所述陶瓷颗粒的颗粒筛分尺寸为0.01-100微米,并且所述陶瓷颗粒在第一组分中的浓度为5-400PHR。所述第二组分包含胺和陶瓷颗粒,所述陶瓷颗粒的颗粒筛分尺寸为0.01-100微米,并且所述陶瓷颗粒在第二组分中的浓度为5-400PHR。所述第一组分和第二组分可在压力下喷涂,并且所述第一组分与第二组分相互反应,从而形成聚脲涂层。所述涂层表现出一定的厚度,至少0.40W/m*K的导热率,以及至少0.8kV/mil涂层厚度的介电强度。
附图说明
图1是本发明的电池系统的示意性说明。
具体实施方式
现就详细的实施方案说明上述列举的目的和益处以及本发明代表的其它目的、特征和进步。认为本发明的其它实施方案和方面在本领域普通技术人员的领会之内。
为了本发明的目的,术语“聚合物”意指预聚物、低聚物、均聚物和共聚物。
本发明的电池单元涂料组合物包含由第一组分和第二组分的反应混合物形成的聚脲,第一组分("异氰酸酯组分")具有异氰酸酯,第二组分(“胺组分”)具有胺。所述异氰酸酯组分包括异氰酸酯官能的预聚物,并且还可包括未用于形成异氰酸酯官能的预聚物的异氰酸酯。非预聚物的异氰酸酯可与用于形成异氰酸酯官能的预聚物的异氰酸酯相同或与之不同,并且所述异氰酸酯官能的预聚物可与非预聚物的异氰酸酯基本上相容。术语“基本上相容”意图是指材料与其它材料形成混合物的能力,所述混合物是基本上均匀的并且会随时间保持基本上均匀。本文中胺组分可被称作“固化剂(curative)”,因为它会与异氰酸酯反应或固化,以形成聚脲。
如本文中所使用,术语“异氰酸酯”包括能够与反应性基团(诸如羟基、巯基或胺官能团)形成共价键的未封端化合物。因此,异氰酸酯可以指“游离异氰酸酯”,这会是本领域技术人员很好地理解的。在一些实施方案中,本发明的异氰酸酯可以是单官能异氰酸酯(含有一个异氰酸酯官能团(NCO)),或者本发明中使用的异氰酸酯可以是多官能的(含有两个或更多个异氰酸酯官能团(NCO))。
适用于本发明的异氰酸酯很多,并且可以宽范围变化,并且可以包括本领域中已知的那些。合适的异氰酸酯的非限制性实例可以包括单体异氰酸酯和/或高分子异氰酸酯。所述异氰酸酯可以选自单体、预聚物、低聚物、或它们的混合物。在一些实施方案中,所述异氰酸酯可以是C2-C20线性的、支化的、环状的、芳族的、或它们的混合物。
适用于本发明的异氰酸酯可包括异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),它是3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸基-甲基-环己基异氰酸酯;氢化的材料例如亚环己基二异氰酸酯、4,4′-亚甲基二环己基二异氰酸酯(H12MDI);混合芳烷基二异氰酸酯例如四甲基二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、OCN-C(CH3)2-C6H4C(CH3)2-NCO;多亚甲基异氰酸酯例如1,4,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、1,7-七亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,10-十亚甲基二异氰酸酯和2-甲基-1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯;及它们的混合物。
用于本发明的芳族异氰酸酯的实例可包括亚苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、氯代亚苯基2,4-二异氰酸酯、双甲苯二异氰酸酯、二甲氧基苯胺二异氰酸酯、联甲苯胺二异氰酸酯、烷基化苯二异氰酸酯类、亚甲基间隔的芳族二异氰酸酯类例如亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、包括烷基化类似物的4,4′-异构体(MDI)例如3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、及它们的混合物。
在某些实施方案中,可使用异氰酸酯单体。相信使用异氰酸酯单体(即,来自预聚物制备中的不含残余物的单体)可以降低聚脲组合物的粘度,从而改善其流动性,并且可以提供聚脲涂层对预先涂覆的涂层和/或未被涂布的基底的改善的粘合。
所述异氰酸酯可包括低聚异氰酸酯,诸如但不限于二聚体,例如1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯二聚体;三聚体,例如1,6-己烷二异氰酸酯的缩二脲和异氰脲酸酯以及异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯;脲基甲酸酯(allophonate)和高分子低聚物。还可以使用改性异氰酸酯,其包括但不限于碳二亚胺类和脲酮(uretone)-亚胺类及它们的混合物。
如本文中所使用,“预聚物”意指与多元胺或其它异氰酸酯反应性基团(诸如多元醇)预先反应的异氰酸酯。如本文中所使用,"异氰酸酯官能的预聚物"意指具有至少一个异氰酸酯官能团(NCO)的预聚物。
适用于本发明的胺组分中的胺可包括本领域中已知的那些,诸如伯胺和仲胺及它们的混合物。在一些实施方案中,所述胺可包括单胺,或者具有至少两个官能团的多元胺(诸如二、三或更高官能的胺),及它们的混合物。在一些实施方案中,所述胺可以是芳族或脂族的,例如脂环族的,或其混合物。合适的单胺的实例包括脂族多元胺,例如乙胺、异构丙胺、丁胺、戊胺、己胺、环己胺和苄胺。合适的多元伯胺包括但不限于乙二胺、1,2-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,3-二氨基戊烷(DYTEKEP,Invista)、1,6-二氨基己烷、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺(DYTEKA,Invista)、2,5-二氨基-2,5-二甲基己烷、2,2,4-和/或2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-二氨基己烷、1,11-二氨基十一烷、1,12-二氨基十二烷、1,3-和/或1,4-环己烷二胺、1-氨基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-氨甲基-环己烷、2,4-和/或2,6-六氢甲苯二胺(2,6-hexahydrotoluoylenediamine)、2,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷(PACM-20,AirProducts)和3,3’-二烷基-4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷(例如3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷(DIMETHYLDICYKAN或LAROMINC260,BASF;ANCAMINE2049,AirProducts)和3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷)、2,4-和/或2,6-二氨基甲苯、3,5-二乙基甲苯-2,4-二胺、3,5-二乙基甲苯-2,6-二胺、3,5-二甲基巯基-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二甲基巯基-2,4-甲苯二胺、2,4'-和/或4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、二亚丙基三胺、双六亚甲基三胺或其混合物。聚氧化烯基胺也是合适的。聚氧化烯基胺包含两个或更多个伯氨基或仲氨基,所述伯氨基或仲氨基与例如衍生自环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷、环氧丁烷或其混合物的主链相连。这样的胺的实例包括可以名称JEFFAMINE获得的那些,例如但不限于JEFFAMINED-230、D-400、D-2000、HK-511、ED-600、ED-900、ED-2003、T-403、T-3000、T-5000、SD-231、SD-401、SD-2001和ST-404(HuntsmanCorporation)。这样的胺具有约200-7500的分子量。
在本发明中还可使用脂环族二仲胺。合适的脂环族二胺包括但不限于JEFFLINK754(HuntsmanCorporation)、CLEARLINK1000(Dorf-KetalChemicals,LLC),和天冬氨酸酯官能的胺,例如可以名称DESMOPHEN获得的那些,诸如DESMOPHENNH1220、DESMOPHENNH1420和DESMOPHENNH1520(BayerMaterialsScienceLLC.)。可在本发明中使用的其它合适的仲胺包括包含伯胺官能团的物质(诸如本文中描述的那些)与丙烯腈的反应产物。例如,所述仲胺可以是4,4'-二氨基二环己基甲烷与丙烯腈的反应产物。作为另外的选择,所述仲胺可以是异佛尔酮二胺与丙烯腈的反应产物,诸如POLYCLEAR136(可得自HansenGroupLLC)。
可在本发明中使用的其它胺包括多元伯胺与单或多环氧化物的加合物,诸如异佛尔酮二胺与CarduraE-10P的反应产物。
在一些实施方案中,所述胺组分可包括伯胺和肿胺的混合物。在一些实施方案中,所述胺组分可基本上不含伯胺官能度(未反应的伯胺基团)。“基本上不含伯胺官能度”意指理论上不存在伯胺官能度,但是可能有纯属偶然存在的一些伯胺官能度,即仲胺官能化的胺中的杂质和/或痕量的未反应的伯胺官能度。
在另一实施方案中,所述胺组分可包括脂族胺。相信脂族胺的存在可提供增强的耐久性。在该实施方案中,所述胺通常以具有相对低粘度(例如在25℃小于约100mPas)的液体形式提供。
在某些实施方案中,根据本发明使用的涂料组合物可以包括聚脲和聚氨酯的混合物。如本文中所使用,“聚脲”包括聚脲以及聚脲和聚氨酯的共混物。本领域技术人员会理解聚氨酯可以作为根据本发明的反应中的副产物形成。在又一实施方案中,所述聚氨酯可以原位形成和/或可将其加入至反应混合物中。
本发明的聚脲涂料组合物可以任选地包含本领域中的标准物质,其诸如但不限于粘合促进剂、催化剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂、UV吸收剂、稀释剂、增塑剂、流变改性剂、流动添加剂、抗静电剂和表面涂料领域中公知的其它性能或性质改性剂、及它们的混合物。可将这样的材料与异氰酸酯组分、胺组分或它们二者组合。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的涂料组合物可包含粘合促进剂,其可增强所述涂料组合物与基底的粘合。当将本发明的涂料组合物施加在第一涂层上时,粘合促进剂可存在于第一涂料组合物中,或者可将其添加至第二涂料组合物的异氰酸酯组分中和/或胺组分中,或者可将其作为单独的层直接施加至基底或第一涂层(在向其施加第二涂层之前)。当作为单独的层涂布时,可使用多种常规技术(诸如但不限于刮涂(wiping)、浸、辊涂、幕涂、喷涂等)来施加粘合促进剂。
适用于本发明的粘合促进剂的非限制性实例可包括胺官能的材料,诸如1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并-(1,2-A)-嘧啶、羟乙基哌嗪、N-氨乙基哌嗪、二甲胺乙醚、四甲基亚氨基丙胺(由AirProductsandChemicals,Inc.以POLYCAT15的形式市售可得)、环氧基材料(由MomentivePerformanceMaterials以SilaneA-187的形式可得)、封端的胺(blockedamine)(诸如IPDI与二甲胺的加合物)、叔胺(诸如1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、1,5,7-三氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯和7-甲基-1,5,7-三氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯)、氨基硅烷(诸如γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(由MomentivePerformanceMateirals,Inc.以SilquestA1100的形式商购可得))、三聚氰胺或氨基三聚氰胺树脂(例如Cymel220或Cymel303,由CytecIndustriesInc.可得)、金属络合物(包括金属螯合物,诸如铝螯合物(例如可得自KingIndustries的K-KAT5218)或者包含锡的组合物,诸如辛酸锡和有机锡化合物,诸如二月桂酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二丁基锡、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯组合物、盐(诸如氯磷酸盐(chlorinephosphate))、丁二烯树脂(诸如环氧化、羟基端封的聚丁二烯树脂(例如可得自AtofinaChemicals,Inc.的POLYBD605E)、聚酯多元醇(例如CAPA3091、可得自SolvayAmerica,Inc.的聚酯三醇和氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯组合物,诸如芳族氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯低聚物(例如可得自SartomerCompany,Inc.的CN999)及它们的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述涂料还可包含溶剂,例如二甲苯。然而,在其它实施方案中,所述涂料可基本上不含溶剂。“基本上不含溶剂”是指所述涂料可以含有少量溶剂,例如5%、2%、1%或更少。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的涂料组合物可包含着色剂。如本文中所使用,术语“着色剂”是指赋予所述组合物以颜色和/或其它不透明性和/或其它视觉效果的任何物质。可以将着色剂以任何合适的形式添加到涂层中,例如离散颗粒、分散体、溶液和/或片状物。在本发明的涂层中可以使用单一着色剂或两种或更多种着色剂的混合物。
着色剂的实例包括颜料、染料和调色料(tint),例如在涂料工业中使用和/或在DryColorManufacturersAssociation(DCMA)中列出的那些,以及特殊效果组合物。着色剂可以包括例如在使用条件下不可溶但可润湿的细粒状(finely-divided)固体粉末。着色剂可以是有机或无机的,并且可以是聚集或非聚集的。可以通过研磨或简单混合将着色剂引入涂料中。可以通过使用研磨载体(例如丙烯酸类研磨载体)经由研磨将着色剂掺入涂层中,该研磨载体的使用将是本领域技术人员所熟悉的。
颜料和/或颜料组合物的实例包括但不限于咔唑二噁嗪粗颜料、偶氮、单偶氮、双偶氮、萘酚AS、盐类(色淀)、苯并咪唑啉酮、凝结物(condensation)、金属络合物、异吲哚啉酮、异吲哚啉和多环酞菁、喹吖啶酮(quinacridone)、二萘嵌苯、紫环酮(perinone)、二酮基吡咯并吡咯(diketopyrrolopyrrole)、硫靛蓝、蒽醌、靛蒽醌(indanthrone)、蒽素嘧啶(anthrapyrimidine)、黄烷士酮、皮蒽酮、蒽嵌蒽醌、二噁嗪、三芳基碳鎓、喹酞酮(quinophthalone)颜料、二酮基吡咯并吡咯红(“DPPBO红”)、二氧化钛、炭黑、碳纤维、石墨、其它导电颜料和/或填料、及它们的混合物。术语“颜料”和“着色填料”可以互换使用。
染料的实例包括但不限于基于溶剂和/或基于水的那些,诸如酸性染料、偶氮染料、碱性染料、直接染料、分散性染料、活性染料、溶剂染料、硫化染料、媒染剂,例如钒酸铋、蒽醌、二萘嵌苯、铝、喹吖二酮(quinacridone)、噻唑、噻嗪、偶氮、靛青、硝基、亚硝基、噁嗪、酞菁、喹啉、均二苯乙烯和三苯甲烷。
调色料的实例包括但不限于分散在载体中的颜料,诸如来自Plasticcolors的PhthaloBlue。
本发明的涂料组合物还包含装载在异氰酸酯组分和胺组分中的导热陶瓷颗粒以使涂层具有至少0.40W/m*K的合适的导热率。装载在异氰酸酯组分和胺组分中以获得期望的最小导热率性能的代表性陶瓷颗粒为在各组分中5-400phr,并且更通常是25-200phr。导热陶瓷颗粒的这样的装载浓度在以前被认为是不可能的,因为通常认为这样的装载浓度伴随粘度积累,进而导致至少异氰酸酯组分不可喷涂。因此,以前没有提供具有充分的导热颗粒装载从而实现本发明聚脲涂层的期望的导热率性能的聚脲涂层。
为了有助于反应物粘度控制,导热陶瓷颗粒可具有一定的粒径分布,并具有控制的长径比范围。因此,颗粒筛分尺寸(particleseivesize)可为0.01-100微米。在另一实施方案中,所述导热陶瓷颗粒可具有0.01-100微米,或者1-25微米的平均粒径。球形、棒状或片状颗粒的颗粒长径比可优选为1-50或者1-10。
所述导热陶瓷颗粒可选自在上述装载浓度下通过所述导热率性能的多种材料。示例性导热陶瓷颗粒材料包括氧化铝、氮化铝、氮化硼、氧化铍、氧化锌、二氧化钛、二氧化镁及它们的组合。这样的颗粒赋予很大的导热率,并增强本发明的聚脲涂层的介电强度。
导热陶瓷颗粒的装载浓度、粒径和长径比有助于维持异氰酸酯组分和胺组分的完全可喷涂的混合物。特别地,异氰酸酯组分和胺组分优选表现出100-2000cP的动态粘度,所述动态粘度是使用布鲁克菲尔德粘度计用十字型B转子在50rpm测量的。在某些实施方案中,所述异氰酸酯组分和胺组分的动态粘度为100-400cP,动态粘度如上所述进行测量上。
本发明还涉及电池系统10(如图1中所示),以及向电池单元施加导热的介电聚脲涂层的方法。所示的电池系统10包含具有金属外壳14以及第一和第二接线柱16、18的电池单元12。电池单元12可为多种电池类型中的任一种,其中确定需要导热的介电聚脲涂层20。电池系统10的具体实施方案可使用锂离子型电池单元12,其可用于含多个电池单元12的电池组22中。可在外夹钳(clamp)24中将电池组22固定在一起,所述外夹钳可放置在电池组22中的一组电池单元12周围。
可将本发明的聚脲涂料20施加在电池单元12的部分或者全部。可如下所述将涂层20施加至单元外壳14,并且在一些实施方案中,可完全覆盖外壳14,或者可完全覆盖电池单元12。这样的话,聚脲涂层20可消除对于通常施加至电池组22中的电池单元12的常规电绝缘的需求。在一些实施方案中,可将聚脲涂层20施加至电池组22的钳24的部分或全部。
本发明的聚脲涂层提供电池组22中相邻单元12之间以及电池组22的单元12与钳24之间的介电屏障。以建立至少800V/mil(或者0.8kV/mil)涂层厚度的最小阈值电压击穿强度的方式提供涂层。所述涂层的体积电阻率可为108Ω*米。除了涂层20的电绝缘性质,还提供相邻单元12之间和/或单元12与散热件之间热阻抗的降低。至少0.40W/m*K,并且更优选至少0.50W/m*K的导热率值形成向或由电池单元12引入或分散热的有效的热途径。此外,本发明的聚脲涂层赋予对单元12的磨损保护。本发明的聚脲涂层在延长的使用循环中表现出很大的耐磨损性和耐久性。
本发明还涉及涂覆基底(诸如电池单元)的方法,其包括将本文中描述的任一种涂料组合物施加于基底的至少一部分。在一些实施方案中,可以使用常规喷涂技术。在一些实施方案中,可以结合所述异氰酸酯组分和胺组分以使得异氰酸酯基的当量与胺基的当量之比大于1,以及所述异氰酸酯和所述胺可以以1:1的体积混合比被施加于所述基底;和可以将反应混合物施加于未涂覆或已涂覆的基底以在未涂覆的基底上形成第一涂层或者在已涂覆的基底上形成后续的涂层。当确定异氰酸酯基的当量与反应性胺基的当量之比时,考虑总胺基,也就是来自所述涂料中使用的任何胺的胺基。
会理解本发明组合物是双组份或“2K”组合物,其中保持异氰酸酯组分和胺组分分开直到刚好在施加之前为止。这样的组合物会被理解为在环境条件下固化,但是可以施加强制加热空气(heatedforcedair)或热固化以加速最终的固化或增强涂层性质(例如粘合性)。在一个实施方案中,可以使用双组分混合装置制备可喷涂的涂料组合物。在该实施方案中,将异氰酸酯和胺添加到高压碰撞混合装置中。将异氰酸酯组分添加到“A侧”而胺组分添加到“B侧”。使A侧和B侧料流相互碰撞,并立即喷涂至未涂覆或已涂覆的基底的至少一部分上。异氰酸酯组分与胺组分反应以产生当被施加至未涂覆或已涂覆的基底上时固化的涂料组合物。可以在施加之前加热A侧和/或B侧,例如加热到140°F的温度。加热可以促进两种组分之间更好的粘度匹配和由此更好的混合,但是对于发生固化反应而言不是必需的。
异氰酸酯与胺的体积混合比可以使得得到的异氰酸酯组分和胺组分反应混合物可以1:1的体积混合比施加至基底。如本文中所使用,“1:1的体积混合比”是指对于各组分而言体积混合比变化至多20%,或者至多10%或至多5%。
在一些实施方案中,可使用配备有FusionMP喷枪的名称为GracoE-XP2反应器的通常可得的混合装置。在该装置中,从两个单独的容器递送A侧组分和B侧组分的加压料流,并且以高速相互碰撞或冲击,以混合两种组分并形成涂料组合物,可以用喷枪将涂料组合物施加于未涂覆或已涂覆的基底。组分料流经受的混合力可以取决于每单位时间进入混合室的各料流的体积以及递送组分料流的压力。每单位时间异氰酸酯组分与胺组分的1:1体积比可以使得这些力均衡。
工业上已知的另一种合适的施加装置包括“静态混合管”施加器。在该装置中,异氰酸酯和胺各自被储存在分开的室内。当施加压力时,使得组分各自以1:1体积比进入混合管中。通过该管内的弯曲(heatedforcedair)或螺旋状(corkscrew)通道实现组分的混合。管的出口端可以具有可用于喷涂反应混合物的雾化能力。作为另外的选择,可以将流体反应混合物以珠状物的形式施加于基底。静态混合管施加器可从CammdaCorporation或Plas-PakIndustries,Inc.购得。
本发明的涂料组合物可以施加至众多基底上。尽管电池单元的金属外壳是本发明的特定目标应用,合适的基底的其它实例可包括金属、天然和/或合成的石头、陶瓷、玻璃等。金属可包括但不限于铝、冷轧钢、电解钢(electrogalvanizedsteel)、热浸镀锌钢、钛和合金。此外,可将施加本发明的涂料组合物施加于所述基底,以赋予基底多种性质中的一种或多种,诸如导热率、电阻、耐蚀性和耐磨损性。在一些实施方案中,聚脲涂层可以一层或多层的形式形成,以达到0.05-1.5mm(2-60mils)的总涂层厚度。
实施例
用以下成分,由A部分预混物(异氰酸酯组分)和B部分预混物(胺组分)制备2-K涂料配制物:
b1
下表2中示出表1中成分的材料描述和市售来源:
表2
流程
根据表1,通过在第一容器中,将A部分预混物材料在高剪切行星式搅动下混合至约370cP的典型粘度来制备A部分预混物。根据表1,通过在第二容器中,将B部分预混物材料在高剪切行星式搅动下混合直至混合物完全均匀化为约280cP的典型粘度来制备B部分预混物。
如果需要,将A部分和B部分预混物的容器搅动,并通过软管分别连接至GracoE-XP2反应器。在通过软管填充和循环所述预混材料时设置A部分和B部分预混材料的涂覆温度为150°F(65.6℃)。将具有0.5gal/min尖端设置的FusionMp机械式喷枪(purgegun)连接至设定为不超过3500psi的碰撞空气压力(产生约3000psi的触发压力)的Graco反应器。然后操作者在通过固定装置设置的铝基底上施加喷雾涂层(每次4-8mil)。施加的涂层完全覆盖基底,并且在环境温度下在小于两分钟内无粘性。
下表3示出如上所述施加的涂层的测试结果。
表3
已在本文中相当详细地描述了本发明,以符合专利法规并向本领域技术人员提供应用新原理和视需要构建并使用本发明的实施方案所需的信息。然而,要理解可在不背离本发明本身的范围下完成多种改变。
Claims (15)
1.电池系统,其包含:
具有金属外壳的电池单元;以及
位于所述金属外壳上的聚脲涂层,所述聚脲涂层由包含以下组分的反应混合物形成:
(a)粘度为100-2000cP的第一组分,所述第一组分包含异氰酸酯和陶瓷颗粒,其中所述异氰酸酯包含异氰酸酯官能的预聚物;以及
(b)粘度为100-2000cP的第二组分,所述第二组分包含胺和陶瓷颗粒,
其中所述第一组分和第二组分在压力下可喷涂,并且所述第一组分与第二组分反应,从而形成所述聚脲涂层,所述聚脲涂层具有厚度,所述聚脲涂层的导热率为至少0.40W/m*K,并且所述聚脲涂层的介电强度为至少0.8kV/mil涂层厚度。
2.权利要求1的电池系统,其中所述涂层厚度为0.05–1.5mm。
3.权利要求1的电池系统,其中所述第一组分和第二组分中的陶瓷颗粒的颗粒筛分尺寸为0.01-100微米,并且球形、棒状或片状颗粒的长径比为1-50。
4.权利要求3的电池系统,其中所述陶瓷颗粒以5-400phr的浓度存在于所述第一组分和第二组分中。
5.权利要求4的电池系统,其中所述第一组分和第二组分中的陶瓷颗粒选自氧化铝、氮化铝、氮化硼、氧化铍、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁以及它们的组合。
6.向电池单元外壳施加导热的介电聚脲涂层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)制备包含以下组分的反应混合物:
(i)粘度为100-2000cP的第一组分,所述第一组分包含异氰酸酯和陶瓷颗粒,其中所述异氰酸酯包含异氰酸酯官能的预聚物;以及
(ii)粘度为100-2000cP的第二组分,所述第二组分包含胺和陶瓷颗粒,
(b)通过第一喷嘴将所述第一组分喷涂至所述电池单元外壳上;以及
(c)基本上与步骤(b)同时,通过第二喷嘴将所述第二组分喷涂至所述电池单元外壳上,使得所述第一组分与第二组分反应,从而形成所述聚脲涂层,所述聚脲涂层具有厚度,所述聚脲涂层的导热率为至少0.40W/m*K,并且所述聚脲涂层的介电强度为至少0.8kV/mil涂层厚度。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述聚脲涂层厚度为0.05-1.5mm。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中所述第一组分和第二组分中的陶瓷颗粒的颗粒筛分尺寸为0.01-100微米,并且球形、棒状或片状颗粒的长径比为1-50。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述陶瓷颗粒以5-400phr的浓度存在于所述第一组分和第二组分中。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述第一组分和第二组分中的陶瓷颗粒选自氧化铝、氮化铝、氮化硼、氧化铍、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁以及它们的组合。
11.涂料组合物,其包含:
由包含以下组分的反应混合物形成的聚脲:
(a)第一组分,所述第一组分包含异氰酸酯和陶瓷颗粒,其中所述异氰酸酯包括异氰酸酯官能的预聚物,所述陶瓷颗粒的颗粒筛分尺寸为0.01-100微米,并且所述陶瓷颗粒在第一组分中的浓度为5-400phr;和
(b)第二组分,所述第二组分包含胺和陶瓷颗粒,所述陶瓷颗粒的颗粒筛分尺寸为0.01-100微米,并且所述陶瓷颗粒在第二组分中的浓度为5-400phr,
其中所述第一组分和第二组分在压力下可喷涂,并且所述第一组分与第二组分相互反应,从而形成聚脲涂层,所述聚脲涂层具有厚度,所述聚脲涂层的导热率为至少0.40W/m*K,并且所述聚脲涂层的介电强度为至少0.8kV/mil涂层厚度。
12.权利要求11的涂料组合物,其中所述涂层的厚度为0.05-1.5mm。
13.权利要求12的涂料组合物,其中所述第一组分和第二组分中的颗粒陶瓷填料的球形、棒状或片状颗粒的长径比为1-50。
14.权利要求13的涂料组合物,其中所述第一组分和第二组分中的陶瓷颗粒选自氧化铝、氮化铝、氮化硼、氧化铍、氧化锌、二氧化钛、氧化镁以及它们的组合。
15.权利要求11的涂料组合物,其中所述第一组分被剪切稀化。
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US20150140411A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
JP2017505507A (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
EP3071337A4 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
EP3071337A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
KR102303355B1 (ko) | 2021-09-23 |
CN115895412A (zh) | 2023-04-04 |
WO2015076985A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
JP6554465B2 (ja) | 2019-07-31 |
KR20160088297A (ko) | 2016-07-25 |
WO2015076985A8 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
EP3071337B1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
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