CN105753852A - 含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的微波消解无溶剂固相合成法与应用 - Google Patents

含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的微波消解无溶剂固相合成法与应用 Download PDF

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CN105753852A
CN105753852A CN201610178043.8A CN201610178043A CN105753852A CN 105753852 A CN105753852 A CN 105753852A CN 201610178043 A CN201610178043 A CN 201610178043A CN 105753852 A CN105753852 A CN 105753852A
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microwave reactor
reaction
synthetic method
compound
cyclizing agent
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CN105753852B (zh
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陈连清
黄林伟
牛雄雷
季明刚
张慧淳
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South Central Minzu University
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Abstract

本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体公开了三系列含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的微波消解无溶剂固相合成法与应用。本发明采用微波消解无溶剂固相合成法合成目标物,微波消解具有密闭容器反应和微波加热两个特点,通过高温高压气化环合剂,产生的气溶胶溶解试样,均相反应,微波辐射与环合剂协同作用,决定了其反应时间短,反应原料不挥发,可回收利用等优点,有效地降低了生产成本,节能环保,并且操作简单,收率较高。制备得到的三系列含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物具有优良的荧光与紫外等光物理性能,而且具有很好的抗菌及杀虫生物活性,因而具有非常大的开发应用价值与前景。

Description

含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的微波消解无溶剂固相合成法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,具体涉及三系列含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物及其微波消解无溶剂固相合成法,还涉及该三系列化合物的应用。
背景技术
含氧、含硫、含氮取代唑类化合物是一类重要的五元杂环类化合物,由于其易形成氢键、与金属离子配位以及π-π堆积、静电和疏水作用,含氧、含硫、含氮取代唑类化合物可发生多种非共价键相互作用,表现出某些特殊的性能。在材料领域,唑类化合物可应用于光致发光材料、非线性光学材料、导电材料以及场效应晶体管等多个领域的新型材料;在医药领域,可作为药效基团,杀菌消炎镇痛,治疗感染性疾病;在农业领域,唑类农药的开发异常活跃,新型唑类农药在治理虫害,确保农作物丰收和农业的健康发展中发挥着重要作用。由于唑类五元杂环型化合物结构的多样性与特殊性能,在众多领域显示出宽广的应用潜力和开发价值。
含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的合成一般采用外界加热,选择合适溶剂,冷凝回流并使用磁子搅拌的方法。操作方法复杂,溶剂消耗量大,能源消耗高,后处理复杂并污染环境,产率难提升。由于传统方法存在能耗大、时间长、产率低、后处理麻烦、溶剂挥发、环境污染等缺点,在一定程度上限制了含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的应用,本发明将针对这些缺点进行优化改进。本申请发明人拟在合成方法上采用微波消解无溶剂固相合成法,在反应过程中避免了大量有机溶剂的使用,节约了资源、减少了环境污染,且后续处理简单,产物非常容易处理。
微波消解通常是指利用微波加热封闭容器中的消解液和试样从而在高温增压条件下使各种样品快速溶解消化,具有密闭容器反应和微波加热两个特点,决定了其完全、快速、低空白的优点。微波消解法在无机材料合成上具有广泛应用,但在有机合成上的应用报道较少。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明设计了由N-(2-氧代)酰胺衍生物(Ia)或1,4’-双酰肼衍生物(Ib)在微波反应器里,采用不同环合剂作为反应介质,使用微波辐射对反应容器加热,创造一个均匀受热反应环境,环合剂气化形成气凝胶,溶解试样,在微波辐射与气凝胶的协同作用下,无溶剂固相合成一系列含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物(II)、(III)和(IV)型化合物(统称为“通式(A)所示化合物”)的方法,该方法节能环保、生产成本低、后处理简单、反应时间短。
具体的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种通式(A)所示化合物的合成方法:
将化合物和环合剂置于微波反应器的反应瓶中,将微波反应器的功率设置为450W~650W,启动微波反应器并从室温按45℃/min的速率升温至100~300℃后恒温反应10~40分钟后停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶后得到通式(A)所示化合物。
优选的,所述微波反应器的功率设置为500W~600W,恒温反应的温度设置为150~250℃,恒温反应时间为20~40分钟;
最佳的,所述微波反应器的功率设置为500W~560W,恒温反应的温度设置为200~240℃,恒温反应时间为20~30分钟;
所述化合物与环合剂的摩尔比为1:1.2;
化合物的质量和反应瓶体积的比例关系为(2.0-3.5)g:10mL,效果最佳;
所述通式(A)所示化合物的结构式如下所示:
其中,M为-O-、-S-或-NH-;
当M为-O-时,所述通式(A)为如下结构式(Ⅱ)所示:
称为“含氧取代五元杂环唑类化合物”;
当M为-S-时,所述通式(A)为如下结构式(Ⅲ)所示:
称为“含硫取代五元杂环唑类化合物”;
当M为-NH-时,所述通式(A)为如下结构式(Ⅳ)所示:
称为“含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物”;
所述结构式(A)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)、(Ⅳ)中,X为-CR3或者-N=;
因此,所述含氧取代五元杂环唑类化合物为2,4,5-三取代-1,3-噁唑(IIa)或2,5-二取代-1,3,4-噁二唑(IIb)型化合物,其结构式如下;
所述含硫取代五元杂环唑类化合物为2,4,5-三取代-1,3-噻唑(IIIa)或2,5-二取代-1,3,4-噻二唑(IIIb),其结构式如下;
所述含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物为2,4,5-三取代-1,3-咪唑(IVa)或2,5-二取代-1,3,4-三唑(IVb)型化合物。
所述化合物为N-(2-氧代)酰胺衍生物(Ia)或1,4’-双酰肼衍生物(Ib);
N-(2-氧代)酰胺衍生物(Ia)和1,4’-双酰肼衍生物(Ib)的结构式如下:
所述通式(A)所示化合物的合成方法路线如下所示:
上述各结构式中,R1、R2各自独立选自以下基团中的任意一种:
CH3-、CH3CH2-、CH3CH2CH2-、CH3(CH2)2CH2-、CH3(CH2)3CH2-、CH3(CH2)4CH2-、CH3(CH2)5CH2-、CH(CH3)2CH2CH2-、ClCH2-、ClCH2CH2-、Cl2CHCH2CH2-、Cl3CCH2CH2-、BrCH2-、BrCH2CH2-、Br2CHCH2CH2-、Br3CCH2CH2-、 以及
优选的,所述R1、R2各自独立选自以下基团中的任意一种:
以及
最佳的,所述R1、R2分别独自选自以下基团中的任意一种:
以及
基团R3为如下两种情形之一:
1、R3选自以下基团中的任意一种:-H、取代或未取代的苯基;
2、所述2,4,5-三取代-1,3-噁唑(Ⅱa)、2,4,5-三取代-1,3-噻唑(Ⅲa)和2,4,5-三取代-1,3-咪唑(Ⅳa)化合物中,当R1为取代或未取代的苯基时,R2与R3相连形成六元环结构;
所述环合剂有三类:第一类环合剂用于合成含氧取代五元杂环唑类化合物;第二类环合剂用于合成含硫取代五元杂环唑类化合物;第三类环合剂用于合成含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物;
所述第一类环合剂选自五氧化二磷、多聚磷酸、三氯氧磷、三氯化磷、五氯化磷、氯磺酸和三甲基氯硅烷中的任意一种,优选自五氧化二磷、三氯氧磷、三氯化磷、五氯化磷、氯磺酸和三甲基氯硅烷中的任意一种;
所述第二类环合剂选自五硫化二磷、硫脲和2-巯基乙酸中的任意一种,优选为五硫化二磷或硫脲;
所述第三类环合剂选自铵盐或氮上有氢的胺类化合物,如氨气、氯化铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵和硫酸氢铵中的任意一种,优选为碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵和硫酸铵中的任意一种。
进一步,本发明还确证了上述通式(A)所示化合物具有优异的杀虫生物活性,可作为杀虫剂应用。
具体的,本发明将制备得到的通式(A)所示化合物用于防治直翅目、双翅目、同翅目、缨翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目等有害昆虫和螨类害虫,取得了较好的防治效果。
这里所述有害昆虫包括:直翅目如蜚蠊、蝼蛄、蝗虫、蟋蟀;双翅目如伊蚊、吸浆虫、稻瘿蚊、斑潜蝇;同翅目如黑尾叶蝉、飞虱、蚜虫;缨翅目如棉蓟马、瓜蓟马;鳞翅目如东方粘虫、三化螟、棉铃虫、菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾;鞘翅目如米扁虫、金龟子、天牛、象甲;膜翅目如刺桐姬小蜂、红火蚁;
螨类害虫包括:棉叶螨、二点叶螨、桔全爪螨。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果如下:
1、采用微波消解无溶剂固相合成含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物(II)、(III)和(IV),反应时间短、收率高、操作容易、后续处理简单,避免了有机溶剂的使用,大幅度降低了生产成本,节能环保;
2、与现有的合成方式:冷凝回流、烘箱干法、溶剂热法等进行比较,在操作方法上具有很大的提高。使用微波消解合成方法操作简单、安全、产量高,具有协同作用的新颖性,能同时进行大批量操作,利于工业化;
3、在微波反应器中采用微波辐射将环合剂气化形成气凝胶,溶解试样,增大了反应接触面积,提高反应选择性与速率,减少反应时间。在封闭体系中,微波辐射与气凝胶的协同作用下,无溶剂固相合成唑类五元杂环型化合物。实验证明,微波消解无溶剂固相合成法合成三系列含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物,有望成为高效制备该类化合物的新方法,应用前景将非常广阔。
4、制备得到的含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物(II)、(III)和(IV)具有很好的生物活性,特别是在抗菌与杀虫方面表现出高活性,并且具有优良的光物理性能,因此具有非常大的开发应用价值;特别是在农业、园艺、花卉和卫生害虫的防治方面表现出高活性,具有非常大的开发应用价值;
5、制备得到的含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物(II)、(III)和(IV),可应用于材料领域,医药领域与农业领域等多领域,具有多种领域研究的价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但这些具体实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
以下各实施例中所用的原料为已知化合物,可在市场上购得,或可用本领域已知的方法合成。
1.实施例1~8为含氧取代五元杂环唑类化合物的合成
实施例1、2-吲哚基-5-苯基噁唑(Ⅱa1)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.78gN-(2-氧-2-苯基)乙基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺和1.7g五氧化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移至微波反应器中的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重得淡白色固体2.33g(Ⅱa1),产率为89.7%。mp:188~190℃.IRν(cm-1):3413,3154,2919,1625,1602,1443,1361,1249,1120,914,767,726;1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):8.10–8.07(m,2H),7.98–7.95(m,2H),7.60–7.48(m,5H),7.25–7.17(m,2H);13C-NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):158.0,148.3,136.4,130.1,129.2,127.2,125.5,123.9,123.5,122.3,120.8,120.3,119.6,112.2,103.6;HRMS(MALDI-FTMS)calcdforC17H13N2O+[M+H]+261.1022,found261.1021.
取1.63g4-羧基-2-苯基吲哚、1.35g2-氨基苯乙酮与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶液中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即可获得原料N-(2-氧-2-苯基)乙基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺。
实施例2、2-吲哚基-5吡啶基噁唑(Ⅱa2)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.78gN-(2-氧-2-吡啶基)乙基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺,量取1.5mL三氯氧磷,放入微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为500W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应20分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得黄色固体2.42g(Ⅱa2),产率为93.0%。mp:179~181℃.IRν(cm-1):3173,2919,1755,1628,1431,1331,1255,1120,1008,920,803,750,703,614;1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):9.27(s,1H),8.69(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.67(s,1H),7.59(dd,J=7.9,5.0Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.25–7.17(m,2H);13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):155.9,150.6,149.0,136.4,132.8,124.2,124.1,123.5,123.4,122.3,120.9,120.4,119.6,112.2,103.4;HRMS(MALDI-FTMS)calcdforC16H12N3O+[M+H]+262.0975,found262.0972.
取1.62g3a,7a-二氢-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺、1.23g3-羧基吡啶与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶液中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即获得原料N-(2-氧-2-吡啶基)乙基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺。
实施例3、2-(4-氟苯基)-5噻吩基噁唑(Ⅱa3)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.63g4-氟-N-(2-氧-2-噻吩-3-基)乙基苯甲酰胺和1.7g五氧化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移至微波反应器的10ml反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为540W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得黄色固体1.77g(Ⅱa3),产率为72.4%。mp:65~67℃.IRν(cm-1):3100,1610,1600.1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):7.2~8.3(8H,mCH,arom-H,thiophene-H).HRMS(MALDI-FTMS)calcdforC13H8FNOS+[M+H]+222.0913,C,63.66;H,3.29;N,5.71.Found:222.0914,C,63.57;H,3.41;N,5.82;.
实施例4、2-苯基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[d]噁唑(Ⅱa4)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.17gN-(2-氧-环己基)苯甲酰胺和1.7g五氧化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移至微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为540W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应25分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体1.38g(Ⅱa4),产率为68.4%。mp:155~157℃.IRν(cm-1):2931,2837,1637,1542,1478,1443,1284,1055,920,767,709.1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):8.07(dd,J=8.1,1.2Hz,2H),7.52-7.45(m,3H),2.78-2.67(m,4H),2.00-1.89(m,4H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):159.7,146.9,135.0,129.6,128.6,128.0,125.8,23.1,23.0,22.9,21.9;HRMS(MALDI-FTMS)calcdforC13H14NO+[M+H]+200.1070,found200.1068.
取1.13g2-氨基环己酮、1.23g苯甲酸与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶液中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即可获得原料N-(2-氧-环己基)苯甲酰胺。
实施例5、2-(呋喃基)-5-苯基-1,3,4噁二唑(Ⅱb1)的合成
在手套箱中称取3.25N'-苯甲酰基-4-呋喃基苯甲酰肼和1.9g五氧化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为520W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.22g(Ⅱb1),产率为68.6%。mp:152~154℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.24(s,2H),3.90(s,3H),3.89(s,6H),3.85(s,3H),2.66(s,3H);13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):162.7,159.4,156.1,153.3,140.3,128.4,121.7,103.7,60.8,56.2,51.9,12.0;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcdforC15H17NO6:307.1056,found:307.1051.
实施例6、1-卞基-5-(5-甲基-1,3,4噁二唑-2-基)四氢吡咯-2-酮(Ⅱb2)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.75gN-乙酰基-1-苄基-2-碳酰肼-5-氧-四氢吡咯,量取1.7mL三氯氧磷,放入微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为500W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.32g(Ⅱb2),产率为90.3%。mp:86~87℃.IRν(cm-1):1680(C=O),1585-1565-1495(C=C,C=N).1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):2-2.9(m,4H),2.36(s,3H),4.24(d,lH,J=14.4Hz),4.65(d,lH,J=14.4Hz),4.7-5(m,IH),7.25(s,5H).Anal.Calcd.forC14H15N3O2:C,65.35;H,5.88;N,16.33.Found:C,65.24;H,5.98;N,16.27.
实施例7、2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基噁二唑(Ⅱb3)的合成
在手套箱中称取3.25gN'-乙酰基-2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰肼和1.9g五氧化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到200℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.20g(Ⅱb3),产率为68.1%。mp:152~154℃.1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.24(s,2H),3.90(s,3H),3.89(s,6H),3.85(s,3H),2.66(s,3H);13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):162.7,159.4,156.1,153.3,140.3,128.4,121.7,103.7,60.8,56.2,51.9,12.0;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcdforC15H17NO6:307.1056,found:307.1051.
取2.12g2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸和0.74g乙酰肼与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶剂中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即可获得N'-乙酰基-2,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰肼。
实施例8、2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-5-苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑(Ⅱb4)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.78gN'-苯甲酰-1H-吲哚-3-碳酰肼,量取1.9mL三氯氧磷,放入微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为520W,启动微波反应器并按升温程序45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应25分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得黄色固体2.31g(Ⅱb4),产率为83.6%。mp:182~183℃.IR(film)νmax3399,3170,2912,1562,1487,1452,1421,1337,1245,1120,978,911,740,689,630cm-11HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(m,2H),7.47-7.38(m,3H),4.26(dt,J=11.0,5.5Hz,1H),3.82(dt,J=8.8,5.8Hz,1H),2.28(m,1H),1.89-1.80(m,2H),1.70-1.51(m,4H),1.37-1.29(m,1H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ165.1,138.4,136.4,133.8,132.7,129.7,129.0,126.3,125.4,123.1,122.8,121.0,119.7,111.6,108.3;HRMS(MALDI-FTMS)calcdforC17H13N2S+[M+H]+277.0794,found277.0788.
2.实施例9~16为含硫取代五元杂环唑类化合物的合成
实施例9、2-(4-氯苯基)-5-噻吩基噻唑(Ⅲa1)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.3g4-氯-N-(2-氧-2-噻吩基)乙基苯甲酰胺和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为500W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到200℃后恒温反应20分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体1.81g(Ⅲa1),产率为68.8%。mp.143~144℃.IRν(cm-1):3100,1595.1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):7.9~7.41(4H,m,arom-H),7.78(1H,s,thiophene-H)7.2~7.5(3H,m,thiophene-H).AnalcalcdforC13H8ClNOS2:C,56.21;H,2.90;N,5.04;Cl,12.76.Found:C,56.11;H,2.84;N,5.08;Cl,12.99.
实施例10、2-苯基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[d]噻唑(Ⅲa2)的合成
在手套箱中2.17gN-(2-氧-环己基)苯甲酰胺和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到250℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体1.73g(Ⅲa2),产率为78.4%。mp:176~178℃.IRν(cm-1):3060,2919,2849,1572,1484,1443,1302,1243,1078,997,950,761,686,609.1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):7.85(m,2H),7.47–7.38(m,3H),4.26(dt,J=11.0,5.5Hz,1H),3.82(dt,J=8.8,5.8Hz,1H),2.28(m,1H),1.89–1.80(m,2H),1.70–1.51(m,4H),1.37–1.29(m,1H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):134.4,131.5,128.8,128.6,75.2,51.6,30.2,29.0,23.5,22.1;HRMS(MALDI-FTMS)calcdforC13H14NO+[M+H]+218.0998,found218.0997.
实施例11、2-(4-硝基苯基)-4-羧甲基-5-甲基噻唑(Ⅲa3)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.8g2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)3-氧-丁酸甲酯和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应25分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.32g(Ⅲa3),产率为83.5%。mp.191~193℃.1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):8.27(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),8.07(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),3.97(s,3H),2.84(s,3H);13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):162.6,160.7,148.6,146.8,142.8,138.2,127.3,124.2,52.3,13.4;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcdforC12H10N2O4S:278.0361,found:278.0358.
取1.67g对硝基苯甲酸、1.31g2-氨基-3-氧代丁酸甲酯与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶液中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即可获得2-(4-硝基苯甲酰基)3-氧-丁酸甲酯。
实施例12、2-吲哚基-5-苯基噻唑(Ⅲa4)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.78gN-(2-氧-2-苯基)乙基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为530W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到200℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得黄色固体2.36g(Ⅲa4),产率为85.4%。mp:152~153℃.IR(film)νmax3399,3170,2912,1562,1487,1452,1421,1337,1245,1120,978,911,740,689,630cm-11HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(m,2H),7.47-7.38(m,3H),4.26(dt,J=11.0,5.5Hz,1H),3.82(dt,J=8.8,5.8Hz,1H),2.28(m,1H),1.89-1.80(m,2H),1.70-1.51(m,4H),1.37-1.29(m,1H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ165.1,138.4,136.4,133.8,132.7,129.7,129.0,126.3,125.4,123.1,122.8,121.0,119.7,111.6,108.3;HRMS(MALDI-FTMS)calcdforC17H13N2S+[M+H]+277.0794,found277.0788.
实施例13、2-(4-氯苯基)-5-噻吩基-1,3,4-噻二唑(Ⅲb1)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.3gN'-(4-氯苯基甲酰基)噻吩-3-碳酰肼和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为500W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应25分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体1.84g(Ⅲb1),产率为74.4%。mp.143~144℃.IRν(cm-1):3100,1595.1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):7.9~7.41(4H,m,arom-H),7.78(1H,s,thiophene-H)7.2~7.5(3H,m,thiophene-H).AnalcalcdforC13H8ClNOS2:C,56.21;H,2.90;N,5.04;Cl,12.76.Found:C,56.11;H,2.84;N,5.08;Cl,12.99.
实施例14、2,5-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,4-噻二唑(Ⅲb2)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.67g4-甲基-N'-(4-甲基苯基)苯甲酰胺和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.31g(Ⅲb2),产率为87.0%。mp:142~143℃.1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):7.91(d,J=8.2Hz,4H,C6H5),7.31(d,J=8.1Hz,4H,C6H5),2.44(s,6H,CH3);13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):168.0,141.6,129.9,127.9,127.6,21.6.
实施例15、2-(4-硝基苯基)-4-吡咯-1,3,4-噻二唑(Ⅲb3)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.8gN'-(4-硝基苯)-1H-吡咯-3-碳酰肼和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到150℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.31g(Ⅲb3),产率为83.4%。mp.191~193℃.1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):8.27(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),8.07(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),3.97(s,3H),2.84(s,3H);13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):162.6,160.7,148.6,146.8,142.8,138.2,127.3,124.2,52.3,13.4;HRMS(EI)m/z:calcdforC12H10N2O4S:278.0361,found:278.0358.
实施例16、2-(4-羟基苯基)-5-噻吩基-1,3,4-噻二唑(Ⅲb4)的合成
在手套箱中称取2.67gN'-(4-羟基苯基)噻吩-3-碳酰肼和2.66g五硫化二磷,放入手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为540W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.31g(Ⅲb4),产率为89.0%。mp:172~174℃.1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):9.67(dd,J=8.2Hz,1H,OH),7.98(d,1H,thiophene-H),7.89(d,1H,thiophene-H),7.38(d,1H,thiophene-H),7.60(d,2H,Ar-H),6.86(d,2H,Ar-H);13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):17401,158.3,142.3,128.9,128.3,128.2,126.1,121.7,116.4.
取1.38g对羟基苯甲酸、1.42g3-噻吩碳酰肼与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶液中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即可获得原料N'-(4-羟基苯基)噻吩-3-碳酰肼。
3.实施例17~22为含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的合成
实施例17、2,5-二(4-羟基苯基)咪唑(Ⅳa1)的合成
将2.71g4-羟基-N-(2-氧-2-(4-羟基苯))乙基苯甲酰胺和1.15g碳酸铵,放入玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为530W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到200℃后恒温反应20分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得黄色固体2.02g(Ⅳa1),产率87.0%。mp:133~134℃.IRν(cm-1):2590,1645,1488,1114,841;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):7.83(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),7.60(s,1H),7.03(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=8.70Hz,2H);13C-NMR(125MHz,CD3OD):131.30,129.15,120.15,119.80,115.55,114.75,114.30;MS(ESI):253(M+H)+;Anal.CalcdC15H12N2O2:C,71.42;H,4.79;N,11.10.Found:C,71.30;H,4.52;N,11.00.
取1.38g对羟基苯甲酸、1.51g4-(2-氧-2-氨基)苯酚与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶液中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即可获得原料4-羟基-N-(2-氧-2-(4-羟基苯))乙基苯甲酰胺。
实施例18、2,4-二(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑(Ⅳa2)的合成甲氧基
将2.99g4-甲氧基-N-(2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-乙氧基)苯甲酰胺和1.15g硝酸铵,放入玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为500W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到150℃,恒温反应30分钟后,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体1.66g(Ⅳa2),产率75.4%。mp:198~200℃;IRν(cm-1):3070,2950,1578,1242,742;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):8.07(d,J=2.50Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.50Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=8.50Hz,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.37(s,1H),7.12-7.08(m,2H),6.75(s,1H),3.83(s,3H,OMe),3.82(s,3H,OMe);13C-NMR(125MHz,CD3OD):162.10,160.85,151.40,137.50,128.65,127.25,125.40,123.35,20.75,115.75,113.70,56.80,56.50;MS(ESI):281(M+H)+.Anal.CalcdC21H12N2O2:C,76.42;H,3.79;N,7.10.Found:C,76.30;H,3.52;N,7.00.
实施例19、4-甲基-2,5-二苯基咪唑(Ⅳa3)的合成
将2.99gN-(2-氧-1-苯丙基)苯甲酰胺和1.15g碳酸铵,放入玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.12g(Ⅳa3),产率75.8%。mp:250~252℃.IRν(cm-1):3020,2930,1568,1252,772;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):8.07-7.21(m,10H,Ar-H),3.82(s,3H,CH3);13C-NMR(125MHz,CD3OD):161.10,158.85,151.40,133.50,124.65(2C),127.25,125.40,123.35,20.75,115.75,113.70,55.80,53.50。
实施例20、2,5-二(4-羟基苯基)三唑(Ⅳb1)的合成
将2.71g4-羟基-N'-(4-羟基苯甲酰)苯甲酰肼和1.15g碳酸铵,放入玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到220℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得黄色固体1.71g(Ⅳb1),产率67.4%。mp:145~146℃.IRν(cm-1):2590,1645,1488,1114,841;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):7.83(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),7.60(s,1H),7.03(d,J=8.70Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=8.70Hz,2H);13C-NMR(125MHz,CD3OD):131.30,129.15,120.15,119.80,115.55,114.75,114.30;MS(ESI):253(M+H)+;Anal.CalcdC15H12N2O2:C,71.42;H,4.79;N,11.10.Found:C,71.30;H,4.52;N,11.00.
实施例21、2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-(3-甲氧基苯基)三唑(Ⅳb2)的合成
将2.99gN-(2-氧-2-(4-甲氧基苯基))乙基苯甲酰胺和1.15g碳酸铵,放入玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为560W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到230℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.38g(Ⅳb2),产率85.0%。mp:117~118℃;IRν(cm-1):3070,2950,1578,1242,742;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400MHz):8.07(d,J=2.50Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=8.50Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=8.50Hz,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.37(s,1H),7.12–7.08(m,2H),6.75(s,1H),3.83(s,3H,OMe),3.82(s,3H,OMe);13C-NMR(125MHz,CD3OD):162.10,160.85,151.40,137.50,128.65,127.25,125.40,123.35,20.75,115.75,113.70,56.80,56.50;MS(ESI):281(M+H)+.Anal.CalcdC21H12N2O2:C,76.42;H,3.79;N,7.10.Found:C,76.30;H,3.52;N,7.00.
实施例22、2,5-二噻吩基-1,2,4-三氮唑(Ⅳb3)的合成
将2.7gN'-(噻吩-3-羰基)噻吩-3-碳酰肼和1.15g硝酸铵,放入玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到微波反应器的10mL反应瓶中,调节微波反应器功率为520W,启动微波反应器并按升温速率45℃/min从室温升温到200℃后恒温反应30分钟,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,得白色固体2.05g(Ⅳb3),产率80.4%。mp:169.5~172.0℃;IRν(cm-1):3500-2500(broad),1614,1508,1471,1441,1408,1394,1310,1304,1290,1278,1260,1180,1142,1034,982,836,749,722;1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):3.84(s,3H),7.10(d,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.49-7.53(m,3H),8.00-8.20(m,4H)ppm;13C-NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6):55.2,114.2,121.4,125.9,127.5,128.7,129.3,129.7,157.5,160.3ppm;Analysis:Calc.forC15H13N3O:C,71.70;H,5.21;N,16.72.Found:C,71.88;H,5.41;N,16.67.
取1.28g噻吩-3-甲酸、1.42g3-碳酰肼噻吩与30g多聚磷酸(PPA)在150℃下搅拌2h,反应混合物冷却后用10wt%NaOH溶液中和至pH为8~9,过滤析出固体,水洗至中性,干燥即可获得原料N'-(噻吩-3-羰基)噻吩-3-碳酰肼。
对比例、2-吲哚基-5-苯基噁唑(Ⅱa1)的合成
改变实施例1的温度、反应时间和加热方式,制备2-吲哚基-5-苯基噁唑,比较不同条件下产率。
实验1.反应温度230℃,反应时间对微波消解法制备2-吲哚基-5-苯基噁唑的影响
时间(min) 10 20 30 40 50 60
产率 54.4% 60.9% 89.7% 95.3% 96.2% 96.0%
从上表一可以看出,使用微波消解法合成2-吲哚基-5-苯基噁唑,反应时间影响反应产率,随着时间增加产率增加,在反应进行30min后,反应基本完全。
实验2.反应时间6h,反应温度对不同加热方法制备2-吲哚基-5-苯基噁唑的影响
微波辐射组与实施例1处理方法相同,改变了反应时间和反应温度,油浴采用甲苯为溶剂;
溶剂热法:在100mL反应釜中加入25mL甲苯、2.78gN-(2-氧-2-苯基)乙基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺和1.7g五氧化二磷,混合均匀后,拧紧密封盖,放入电热鼓风干燥箱中,从室温加热升温到反应温度,恒温反应6h后,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,计算产率;
烘箱加热:在手套箱中称取2.78gN-(2-氧-2-苯基)乙基-1H-吲哚-3-甲酰胺和1.7g五氧化二磷,并置于手套箱中的玛瑙研钵中,混合均匀,研细后,转移到高压反应釜的内衬中,拧紧密封盖后,放入电热鼓风干燥箱中,从室温加热升温到反应温度,反应6h后,关闭微波反应器,停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶,称重,计算产率;
从上表可以看出,在相同反应时间与反应温度时,不同加热方式对产率均有影响,随温度升高不同加热方式下的反应产率增加。微波辐射在同等条件下,产率最高,与其他三类加热方式的产率相比较提升空间很大。
实验3.反应温度150℃,反应时间对不同加热方式制备2-吲哚基-5-苯基噁唑的影响(其余未写出的操作和条件同实验2,微波辐射组与实施例1相比调整了反应温度和时间)
从上表可以看出,反应时间对四种加热方式的产率均有影响,但是仅有微波消解法的产率受反应时间的波动较小,其他三种加热方式的产率均随反应时间的增加而增加。可见,微波消解法在反应速率与产率上有很大的提升。
实施例23、实施例1-22所制备的含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的发光性能评价
从荧光发射光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱考察含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的光物理性质,含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物溶解在二氯甲烷中的荧光发射数据见表1。
表1含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物的荧光发射和紫外-可见吸收数据
aInCH2Cl2solutionat298K.
bInPMMAfilm(5%weightratio).
cQuantumyieldoffluorescencewasmeasuredinCH2Cl2solutionrelativetoquininebisulfate(10-5Min1.0NH2SO4Φf=0.546,asstandard).
以上结果说明:所测试的22个化合物都具有较好的荧光发射与紫外吸收能力,荧光量子产率很高,这一类化合物具有较好的光物理性能。
实施例24、含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物(II)、(III)、(IV)抗菌剂溶液的制备
本实施例制备的抗菌剂型为溶液剂,将实施例1-22制备的共22种供试化合物分别溶于DMSO中,预配成浓度为0.1%的溶液,然后分别用1wt%醋酸水溶液稀释到10mg/L、1mg/L、0.1mg/L3个梯度浓度作为供试样品,诺氟沙星(NF)作为阳性对照药,用1wt%醋酸水溶液配制成10mg/L、1mg/L、0.1mg/L3个梯度浓度,作为空白对照组。
以上所制备的各稀释溶液剂备用于以下各实施例。
实施例25、对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性评价
对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性评价采用平皿试验法测定,使用实施例24制备的各化合物的稀释溶液剂,以胰蛋白胨作为培养基,,接种后于37℃培养24h,观察、记录抑菌圈大小,并与阳性对照药诺氟沙星(NF)相比,依此评价供试化合物的抑菌活性高低,++表示高活性,+表示中等活性,-表示活性较弱。结果见表2。
表2.化合物(Ⅱa1~Ⅳb3)的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性
实施例26、对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性评价
对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性评价采用平皿试验法测定,使用实施例24制备的各化合物的稀释溶液剂,以胰蛋白胨作为培养基,接种后于37℃培养24h,观察、记录抑菌圈大小,并与阳性对照药诺氟沙星(NF)相比,依此评价供试化合物的抑菌活性高低,++表示高活性,+表示中等活性,-表示活性较弱。结果见表3。
表3.化合物(Ⅱa1~Ⅳb3)的抗大肠杆菌活性
实施例27、含氧、含硫、含氮取代五元杂环唑类化合物(II)、(III)、(IV)实验用农药的制备
本实施例所制备的农药剂型为悬浮剂,以下所称“总质量”指“所制备的悬浮剂的总质量”。
先将22份占总质量5%的表面活性剂萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物分别稀释于22份占总质量5%的防冻剂乙二醇中,并分别向该溶液中缓缓加入占总质量25%的水,在快速搅拌下分别向22组溶液中依次加入占总质量25%的实施例1-22制备的化合物及占总质量5%的助剂(防腐剂苯甲酸、消泡剂有机硅、增稠剂黄原胶与硅酸镁铝、分散剂木质素磺酸钠以及乙醇),加完后对其进行研磨,最后加入占总质量35%的水。将制备得到的悬浮剂再加水稀释分别制备出化合物Ⅱa1~Ⅳb3浓度为40、80、100、160和500mg/L的稀释悬浮剂。即22个化合物组,每组5个浓度梯度。
所制备的稀释悬浮剂备用于以下各实施例。
实施例28、对东方粘虫的生物活性评价
使用实施例27制备的各化合物的100mg/L浓度的稀释悬浮剂,每组选取20头3龄东方粘虫和10片一寸长的玉米叶片放于培养皿内,每组培养皿中分别滴加各化合物的100mL上述悬浮剂,晾干后移入温室内正常饲养,24小时后统计存活和死亡数。实验重复3次,结果取平均值。活性相对于空白对照以百分比计,分为A、B、C、D四级,死亡率100%~90%为A级,死亡率90%~70%为B级,死亡率70%~50%为C级,死亡率0~50%为D级。测试结果见表4。
表4化合物(Ⅱa1~Ⅳb3)在测试浓度为100mg/L时对东方粘虫的活性
化合物 Ⅱa1 Ⅱa2 Ⅱa3 Ⅱa4 Ⅱb1 Ⅱb2 Ⅱb3 Ⅱb4 Ⅲa1 Ⅲa2 Ⅲa3
死亡率 A B A A A A B A A A B
化合物 Ⅲa4 Ⅲb1 Ⅲb2 Ⅲb3 Ⅲb4 Ⅳa1 Ⅳa2 Ⅳa3 Ⅳb1 Ⅳb2 Ⅳb3
死亡率 A A B A A A B A A A B
实施例29、对棉叶螨的生物活性评价
使用实施例27制备的各化合物的500mg/L浓度的稀释悬浮剂,使用玻片浸渍法在玻片双面胶带上的供试棉叶螨在温度25±1℃的室内环境下放置2h,剔除死亡和不活泼的个体,记载活螨数。将带螨的一端浸入事先配好的各化合物的500mg/L浓度的稀释悬浮剂中,5s后取出,迅速用吸水纸吸干螨体及其周围多余的药液。温度25±1℃,光照(L∶D=16h∶8h)下培养3d,每24h检查1次结果。用毛笔轻触其身体,以螨足不动者为死亡。每种化合物的稀释悬浮剂试验重复3次,结果取平均值。活性相对空白对照以百分比计,分为A、B、C、D四级,死亡率100%~90%为A级,死亡率90%~70%为B级,死亡率70%~50%为C级,死亡率0~50%为D级。测试结果见表5。
表5化合物(Ⅱa1~Ⅳb3)在测试浓度为500mg/L时对棉叶螨的活性
化合物 Ⅱa1 Ⅱa2 Ⅱa3 Ⅱa4 Ⅱb1 Ⅱb2 Ⅱb3 Ⅱb4 Ⅲa1 Ⅲa2 Ⅲa3
死亡率 A A A A A A A B B A B
化合物 Ⅲa4 Ⅲb1 Ⅲb2 Ⅲb3 Ⅲb4 Ⅳa1 Ⅳa2 Ⅳa3 Ⅳb1 Ⅳb2 Ⅳb3
死亡率 A A A A A A A A B A A
实施例30、对刺桐姬小蜂的生物活性评价
使用实施例27制备的各化合物的40、80mg/l浓度的稀释悬浮剂,为了验证其对刺桐姬小蜂的安全性是否提高,以刺桐姬小蜂幼虫为试虫,连刺桐姬小蜂带叶采用喷雾法测定了各化合物对刺桐姬小蜂幼虫的综合毒性(接触毒性和胃毒毒性),相关结果见表6。
表6化合物(Ⅱa1~Ⅳb3)对4龄刺桐姬小蜂的48h毒性考察结果
从表6结果可知:只有化合物(Ⅲb3)有40mg/L处理时有中毒表现;在80mg/L处理时有五组表现出轻微中毒的症状:化合物(Ⅱa4)中毒率2%,化合物(Ⅱb1)中毒率2%,化合物(Ⅱb3)中毒率2%,化合物(Ⅲb3)中毒率6%,化合物(Ⅳb2)中毒率2%。若定义中毒率不高于6%的处理质量浓度为安全质量浓度,则化合物(Ⅱa1~Ⅳb3)对刺桐姬小蜂的安全质量浓度至少为80mg/L。

Claims (13)

1.一种通式(A)所示化合物的合成方法:
将化合物和环合剂置于微波反应器的反应瓶中,将微波反应器的功率设置为450W~650W,启动微波反应器并从室温按45℃/min的速率升温至100~300℃后恒温反应10~40分钟后停止反应,自然冷却到室温,将反应瓶中混合物用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,乙醇重结晶后得到通式(A)所示化合物;
所述通式(A)所示化合物的结构式如下所示:
其中,M为-O-、-S-或-NH-;X为-CR3或者-N=;
所述化合物为N-(2-氧代)酰胺衍生物(Ia)或1,4’-双酰肼衍生物(Ib);
N-(2-氧代)酰胺衍生物(Ia)和1,4’-双酰肼衍生物(Ib)的结构式如下:
所述R1、R2各自独立选自以下基团中的任意一种:
CH3-、CH3CH2-、CH3CH2CH2-、CH3(CH2)2CH2-、CH3(CH2)3CH2-、CH3(CH2)4CH2-、CH3(CH2)5CH2-、CH(CH3)2CH2CH2-、ClCH2-、ClCH2CH2-、Cl2CHCH2CH2-、Cl3CCH2CH2-、BrCH2-、BrCH2CH2-、Br2CHCH2CH2-、Br3CCH2CH2-、 以及
所述R3为如下两种情形之一:
(1)、R3选自以下基团中的任意一种:-H、取代或未取代的苯基;
(2)、当R1为取代或未取代的苯基时,R2与R3相连形成六元环结构;
所述环合剂有三类:第一类环合剂选自五氧化二磷、多聚磷酸、三氯氧磷、三氯化磷、五氯化磷、氯磺酸和三甲基氯硅烷中的任意一种;
第二类环合剂选自五硫化二磷、硫脲和2-巯基乙酸中的任意一种;
第三类环合剂选自铵盐或氮上有氢的胺类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述R1、R2各自独立选自以下基团中的任意一种:
CH3-、 以及
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述R1、R2分别独自选自以下基团中的任意一种:
CH3-、 以及
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述第一类环合剂选自五氧化二磷、三氯氧磷、三氯化磷、五氯化磷、氯磺酸和三甲基氯硅烷中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述第二类环合剂选自五硫化二磷或硫脲。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述第三类环合剂选自氨气、氯化铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵和硫酸氢铵中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述第三类环合剂选自碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵和硫酸铵中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述微波反应器的功率设置为500W~600W,恒温反应的温度设置为150~250℃,恒温反应时间为20~40分钟。
9.根据权利要求8所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述微波反应器的功率设置为500W~560W,恒温反应的温度设置为200~240℃,恒温反应时间为20~30分钟。
10.根据权利要求1-7中任一所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述化合物与环合剂的摩尔比为1:1.2。
11.根据权利要求1-7中任一所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述化合物的质量和所述反应瓶体积的比例关系为(2.0-3.5)g:10mL。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一所述的合成方法合成的通式(A)所示化合物在制备杀虫剂中的应用。
13.根据权利要求1-11中任一所述的合成方法合成的通式(A)所示化合物用于防治直翅目、双翅目、同翅目、缨翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目有害昆虫和螨类害虫。
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