CN105669517A - 一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法 - Google Patents

一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法 Download PDF

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CN105669517A
CN105669517A CN201610133645.1A CN201610133645A CN105669517A CN 105669517 A CN105669517 A CN 105669517A CN 201610133645 A CN201610133645 A CN 201610133645A CN 105669517 A CN105669517 A CN 105669517A
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宋秋玲
杨凯
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇在氮气气氛下搅拌反应;(2)将步骤(1)的反应产物冷却到室温,再加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,经过滤后,再用乙酸乙酯洗涤;(3)旋干步骤(2)所得的物料的有机相中的低级饱和一元醇,过硅胶柱,再用由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成的洗脱剂淋洗上述硅胶柱,得到纯化产物,即所述吲哚类化合物。本发明的催化合成方法在中性条件下,利用便宜的联硼酸频那醇酯作为原料,以友好的低级饱和一元醇作为溶剂,通过简单的操作来获得吲哚类化合物,原料成本低廉易得,效率高,安全性好,具有广泛的拓展性和良好的工业应用前景。

Description

一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法。
背景技术
吲哚系列的化合物在生物活性化合物、药物以及农药化学品种都是具有重要作用的化学结构。因此,许多化学家都朝着合成吲哚类化合物的方向努力。从硝基苯乙烯类化合物出发,通过还原环化来制备吲哚化合物的方法吸引了合成化学家的兴趣,因为这类化合物稳定,易于合成。目前开发的这类还原环化反应包括用格式试剂与金属还原剂(Fe,Zn等),以及三乙基膦,一氧化碳等,其中格式试剂需要在无水的条件下进行,并且无法拓展其他对碱敏感的吲哚化合物,并且需要用金属还原剂来进行反应;具有CO的情况下,需要高温和高压来获得吲哚类化合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法。
本发明的原理如下:
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇在氮气气氛下搅拌反应,反应温度为70~120℃,反应过程中用TLC和GC进行跟踪以决定具体的反应时间,其中邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇的比例为0.15~0.25mmol:1~5eq:2~4eq:2~5mL,邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物的结构式如下:
R1为芳基、羧基、烷基、氰基或氢,R2为芳基、烷基、羧基、氰基或氢,R为卤素、烷基、烷氧基、甲氧基、苯并环取代、磺酰基、氨基或零取代;
碱为碳酸铯、碳酸钾、叔丁醇钾、磷酸钾、氟化铯、氟化钾或碳酸钠;
(2)将步骤(1)的反应产物冷却到室温,再加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,经过滤后,再用乙酸乙酯洗涤;
(3)旋干步骤(2)所得的物料的有机相中的低级饱和一元醇,过硅胶柱,再用由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成的洗脱剂淋洗上述硅胶柱,得到纯化产物,即所述吲哚类化合物。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述步骤(1)中的反应温度为90~120℃。
进一步优选的,所述步骤(1)中的反应温度为100~120℃。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述步骤(1)中邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇的比例为0.18~0.22mmol:1~3eq:2~3eq:2~4mL。
进一步优选的,所述步骤(1)中邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇的比例为0.2mmol:2eq:2.5eq:3mL。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述的碱为氟化钾或碳酸钠。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述低级饱和一元醇为甲醇或乙醇。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述步骤(3)的洗脱剂中石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为10~50:1。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的催化合成方法在中性条件下,利用便宜的联硼酸频那醇酯作为原料,以友好的低级饱和一元醇作为溶剂,通过简单的操作来获得吲哚类化合物,原料成本低廉易得,效率高,安全性好,具有广泛的拓展性和良好的工业应用前景。
2、本发明的催化合成方法无过渡金属的参与,利用邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物和联硼酸频那醇酯通过串联硼化和脱硼的反应得到高选择性的吲哚类化合物,具有良好的官能团兼容性,符合绿色合成的理念。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
实施例1:
本实施例反应式如下:
将2eq联硼酸频那醇酯、2.5eq氟化钾、3ml乙醇和0.2mmol邻硝基肉桂酸加入到含有3mL甲醇的耐压反应管中,充入氮气后在100℃的油浴中搅拌反应12h,反应过程中用TLC和GC进行跟踪以决定具体的反应时间。后冷却至室温,加入乙酸乙酯充分混合后,混合溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤后用乙酸乙酯洗涤。浓缩后合并有机相,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1的洗脱剂,过柱得到产物,产率为95%。
实施例2:
准确称取将2eq联硼酸频那醇酯、2.5eq氟化钾和0.2mmol邻硝基苯乙烯以及衍生物加入到含有3mL甲醇的耐压反应管中,充入氮气后在100℃的油浴中搅拌反应12h,后处理同实施例1,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1的洗脱剂;
所用各物质的量及反应条件同该实施例进行实验扩展,以说明该反应具有良好的官能团兼容性,各扩展反应式如下:
实施例3:
准确称取2eq联硼酸频那醇酯、2.5eq氟化钾和0.2mmol苯基肉桂酸加入到含有3mL甲醇的耐压反应管中,充入氮气后在100℃的油浴中搅拌反应12h,后处理同实施例1,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1的洗脱剂,产物的产率为71%;
所用各物质的量及反应条件同该实施例进行实验扩展,以说明该反应具有良好的官能团兼容性,各扩展反应式如下:
实施例4:
准确称取2eq联硼酸频那醇酯、2.5eq碳酸钠和0.2mmol2-硝基查耳酮加入到含有3mL乙醇的耐压反应管中,充入氮气后在100℃的油浴中搅拌反应12h,后处理同实施例1,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1的洗脱剂,产物的产率为78%;
所用各物质的量及反应条件同该实施例进行实验扩展,以说明该反应具有良好的官能团兼容性,各扩展反应式如下:
本领域普通技术人员可知,本发明的技术方案在下述范围内变化时,仍然能够得到与上述实施例相同或相近的技术效果:
一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇在氮气气氛下搅拌反应,反应温度为70~120℃(优选90~120℃,进一步优选100~120℃),反应过程中用TLC和GC进行跟踪以决定具体的反应时间,其中邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇的比例为0.15~0.25mmol:1~5eq:2~4eq:2~5mL(优选0.18~0.22mmol:1~3eq:2~3eq:2~4mL),邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物的结构式如下:
R1为芳基、羧基、烷基、氰基或氢,R2为芳基、烷基、羧基、氰基或氢,R为卤素、烷基、烷氧基、甲氧基、苯并环取代、磺酰基、氨基或零取代;
碱为碳酸铯、碳酸钾、叔丁醇钾、磷酸钾、氟化铯、氟化钾或碳酸钠;
(2)将步骤(1)的反应产物冷却到室温,再加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,经过滤后,再用乙酸乙酯洗涤;
(3)旋干步骤(2)所得的物料的有机相中的低级饱和一元醇,过硅胶柱,再用由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成的洗脱剂(石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为10~50:1)淋洗上述硅胶柱,得到纯化产物,即所述吲哚类化合物。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇在氮气气氛下搅拌反应,反应温度为70~120℃,反应过程中用TLC和GC进行跟踪以决定具体的反应时间,其中邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇的比例为0.15~0.25mmol:1~5eq:2~4eq:2~5mL,邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物的结构式如下:
R1为芳基、羧基、烷基、氰基或氢,R2为芳基、烷基、羧基、氰基或氢,R为卤素、烷基、烷氧基、甲氧基、苯并环取代、磺酰基、氨基或零取代;
碱为碳酸铯、碳酸钾、叔丁醇钾、磷酸钾、氟化铯、氟化钾或碳酸钠;
(2)将步骤(1)的反应产物冷却到室温,再加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,经过滤后,再用乙酸乙酯洗涤;
(3)旋干步骤(2)所得的物料的有机相中的低级饱和一元醇,过硅胶柱,再用由石油醚和乙酸乙酯组成的洗脱剂淋洗上述硅胶柱,得到纯化产物,即所述吲哚类化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的反应温度为90~120℃。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的反应温度为100~120℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇的比例为0.18~0.22mmol:1~3eq:2~3eq:2~4mL。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中邻硝基苯乙烯或其衍生物、联硼酸频那醇酯、碱和低级饱和一元醇的比例为0.2mmol:2eq:2.5eq:3mL。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:所述的碱为氟化钾或碳酸钠。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:所述低级饱和一元醇为甲醇或乙醇。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种吲哚类化合物的催化合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)的洗脱剂中石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为10~50:1。
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